B1.2 and A1.2 Proteins / Nucleic Acids Flashcards
What is the relationship between amino acid sequence and the diversity in form and function of proteins? How are protein molecules affected by their chemical and physical environments?
Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in biological systems?
- Catalysis of reactions
- Transport of oxygen
- Genetic information storage
- Structural support
Genetic information storage
What type of bond forms between amino acids during protein synthesis?
peptide bond
Which level of protein structure is characterized by a-helices and b-pleated sheets?
Secondary Structure
The primary structure of a protein refers to:
The sequence of amino acids
Which type of interaction stabilizes the tertiary structure of a protein?
Disulfide bridges
What type of bond forms between the phosphate of one nucleotide and the sugar of the next nucleotide in a DNA strand?
Phosphodiester bonds
Two strands of DNA are held together by _________.
Hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases
Adenine and Guanine are _________.
Purines
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) is the ________ ________ for all living organisms.
genetic material
DNA is found in chromosomes and contains the genetic information for the _____ and development of individual cells and organisms.
growth
How does the structure of nucleic acids allow hereditary information to be stored?
Genetic information is carried in the linear sequence of nucleotides in DNA
RNA and DNA are composed of _________.
nucleotides
Nucleotides contain a sugar molecule
The sugar for RNA is ______.
The sugar for DNA is ______.
Ribose, Deoxyribose
RNA nucleotides contain one of the following nitrogen bases:
Uracil
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
DNA nucleotides contain one of the following nitrogen bases:
Thymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Both DNA and RNA are _______.
polynucleotides
_______ form through a series of condensation reactions. A ___________ forms between the phosphate of one nucleotide, and the sugar of the second nucleotide.
Polynucleotides, covalent bond
The strong backbone in DNA and RNA is from covalently bonded _______ and ______ from the first nucleotide to the second nucleotide.
sugar, phosphate
Name the nucleotides in RNA:
Uracil, Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine
DNA is a double helix made of two _________ strands of nucleotides with two strands linked by ______ bonding between complementary base pairs.
antiparallel, hydrogen
Antiparallel:
The DNA strands run in opposite directions.
DNA has ____ strands. ____ sugar and the nitrogenous bases are.. ______.
2, deoxyribose, AGTC
RNA has ___ strands. _____ sugar and nitrogenous bases are ______.
(1), (ribose), U, A, G, C
Both ribose and deoxyribose are _______ sugars.
5 carbon pentose