A2.2

Question 1

True or false? Plants, animals and fungi are all eukaryotic organisms.

Answer 1

True, Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus, membrane-bound organelles and 80S ribosomes. Animal, plant and fungal cells are all eukaryotic.

Question 2

Which of the following cell types is an example of a multinucleate cell? (cell has many nuclei)

Answer 2

skeletal muscle

Question 3

Which of the following refers to anucleate cells?

Answer 3

a eukaryotic cell without a nucleus

Question 4

The theory of _________ states that eukaryotic cells evolved when free living prokaryotes were engulfed by larger cells and eventually became incorporated into those cells, becoming symbiotic partners with them.

Answer 4

endosymbiosis

Question 5

Which of the following is evidence that supports the theory of endosymbiosis?

Answer 5

Mitochondria and chloroplasts have a double membrane structure.

-Like prokaryotes, mitochondria and chloroplasts divide by binary fission.

Question 6

Cells are not visible to the unaided eye. It is necessary to use a _______ to view them. ______ microscopes use lenses to magnify an image, whereas electron microscopes use beams of electrons to produce images of much higher magnification and ________ .

Answer 6

microscope, Light, resolution

Question 7

________ cells such as plant and animal cells contain a ________ and membrane-bound organelles. These structures are not found in ________ organisms such as __________.

Answer 7

Eukaryotic, nucleus, prokaryotic, bacteria

Question 8

________ , flagella and pili are examples of structures that can be found in prokaryotic cells. Mitochondria, _______ and Golgi apparatus are examples of structures typically found in eukaryotic cells.

Answer 8

Plasmids, vacuoles

Question 9

Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells contain _______; however, they are larger in eukaryotic cells.

Answer 9

ribosomes

Question 10

All living things carry out eight processes at some stage of their life cycle: homeostasis, metabolism, nutrition, movement, _______ , growth, response to stimuli and reproduction.

Answer 10

excretion

Question 11

6. [HL] Eukaryotic cells are thought to have evolved through the process of _______, in which prokaryotic cells were endocytosed and formed the mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Answer 11

endosymbiosis

Question 12

Many eukaryotic organisms are ________, containing specialised cells that have differentiated from unspecialised cells due to changes in the _______, which cause certain genes within the cell to be switched on or off.

Answer 12

multicellular, environment

Question 13

The eye-spot allows Chlamydomonas to detect _________.

Answer 13

light stimuli

Question 14

Multicellular organisms are able to perform functions that unicellular organisms cannot. This is because of their
_________ properties, which occur due to the interaction of different cells, tissues or organs.

Answer 14

emergent

Question 15

What are the features of bacterial genetic material?

Answer 15

Bacterial genetic material is not associated with histones, and consists of a DNA loop with a single copy of each gene.

Question 16

State the name of the eukaryotic organelle that helps to establish microtubules during cell division.

Answer 16

centrioles

Question 17

Cell ______ is the process which results in the formation of specialised tissue. It is controlled by changes in ____ expression.

Answer 17

differentiation, gene

Question 18

A specimen is measured to be approximately 1 μm in width when observed under a microscope. Which of the following is most likely to be the specimen?

Answer 18

Bacterium

Question 19

Which of the following features is found in all living cells?
Nucleus
Plasma Membrane
Cell wall
RNA

Answer 19

Plasma membrane (cell membrane)