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IMS > W8- Lecture 38- Connective Tissue > Flashcards

W8- Lecture 38- Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Name 6 types of connective tissues

A 
Loose connective tissue 
Adipose Tissue 
Blood 
Fibrous connective tissue
Cartilage 
Bone
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2
Q

Describe connective tissues(4)

A

Deep tissues never exposed to outside environment of body
Support and bind other tissues
Store nutritional substances
Produce protective and regulatory substances
Diverse tissues

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3
Q

Describe superficial fascia

A

aka subcutaneous layer or hypodermis
Between skin and underlying organs
Areolar tissue and fat

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4
Q

Describe deep facia

A

Forms strong fibrous internal framework
Dance connective tissue
Bound to capsules, tendons and ligaments

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5
Q

Describe subserous fascia

A

Between serous membranes and deep fascia

Areolar tissue

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6
Q

Where is connective tissue derived from

A

Mesoderm

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7
Q

Describe the vascular network of connective tissues

A

Highly vascularised and well nourished

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8
Q

Name the three basic components of connective tissues

A

Specialised cells

Protein fibres collagen

Ground substance aka matrix

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9
Q

Name three types of connective tissues + each has two subtypes

A

Connective tissue proper (loose/dense)

Fluid connective tissues(blood/lymph)

Supporting connective tissues (cartilage/bone)

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10
Q

Named five supporting cells found within connective tissues

A
  • Fibroblasts
  • Chondrocytes
  • Osteocytes
  • Myofibroblasts
  • Adipocytes
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11
Q

Name 3 different types of connective tissue fibres

+ qualities

A

Collagen
Long straight branched strong and flexible

  • Reticular
  • Thinner than collagen, forms branching interwoven network
  • Elastic
  • Branched, wavy, after stretching returns to normal
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12
Q

Which is thinner

Collagen or reticular fibres

A

Reticular

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13
Q

Name 5 classifications of connective tissues

A 
Embryonic 
Proper 
Cartilage 
Bone 
Blood
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14
Q

Describe embryonic connective tissues
Tissue name
+function/ action

+ how long does it last

A

Undifferentiated - mesenchyme(the tissue)

During development tissue ,migrates and interacts with other tissues
To form organs

Some continues past then embryonic period

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15
Q

Describe popper connective tissue

Cell shape

+ function

+ qualities (1)

A

Large spindle shaped cells (fibroblasts)

Produces collagen, elastin and reticular fibres

Loose flexible matrix

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16
Q

Describe loose proper connective tissue

+ eg

A

Flexible strength in all directions

Skin

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17
Q

Describe dense regular proper connective tissue

+ eg

A

Densely pack collagen fibres Parallel to direction of force

Tension/ ligaments

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18
Q

Describe dense irregular proper connective tissue

+ eg

A

Densely packed collagen fibres

Dermis of skin

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19
Q

Describe elastic proper connective tissue

+ eg

A

Elastic fibres can stretch 1.5 times + return

Walls or large arteries

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20
Q

Describe reticular proper connective tissue

+ eg

A

Jelly like matrix - forms matrix for organs

Liver / spleen

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21
Q

Describe adipose proper connective tissue

+ function

A

Cells store fat droplets

Acts as food reservoir , protect organs and act as an insulator

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22
Q

Describe cartilage tissue

Cell type

Matrix ?

Vascular system

A

Chondrocyte(cartilage cell)

Semisolid matrix with elastic properties

Avascular = difficult to hear

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23
Q

Name three different cartilages

Based on

A

Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrocartilage

(amout of fibres in matrix )

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24
Q

Describe hyaline cartilage
Structure

Function

A

Translucent matrix
Matrix contains closely packed collagen fibres
Covered in dance perichondrium

Provides Tough but flexible support

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25
Q

Describe examples of hyaline cartilage

A 
Between tips of rib
Sternum bones 
Covering surfaces in synovial joints 
Larynx 
Naval septum
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26
Q

Describe elastic cartilage

E.g

Function

A

Contains elastic fibres + tolerates distortion

Outer ear / Epiglottis

Provides support but tolerates distortion + returns to original shape

27
Q

Describe fibrocartilage
Structure

Qualities

Function

E.g

A

Matrix dominated by large collagen fibres which are densely interwoven

Tough durable, resists compression, absorbs shock

Prevents bone to bone damage

Pads of knee joint, between pubic bones, intervertebral discs

28
Q

What is the bone continually going through

A

Continually going through bone remodelling

29
Q

Describe the formation of a bone

5 steps

A

Bon collar forms round hyaline cartilage model

The cartilage in the centre of the diaphysis calcifies and then develops cavities

The periosteal bud invades the internal cavities and spongy bone begins to form

The shaft elongates and the medullary cavity forms. Secondary ossification centre appears in the epiphytes in preparation for the next stage

The epiphyses ossify
after completion - hyaline cartilage remains only in the epiphyseal plates and the articulated cartilages

30
Q

Describe the six functions of bones

A 
Protects internal organs 
Stores and releases fat 
Stores and releases minerals  
Produces blood cells 
Facilitates movement 
Supports the body
31
Q

Name the two sections of the skeleton

A

Axial
+
Appendicular

32
Q

Name the 4 types of cells within bone

A

Osteoprogenitor -
Osteoblasts
Osteoclasts
Osteocytes

33
Q

What compound makers bones

  • rigid
  • flexible
A
  • calcium phosphate

- collagen fibres

34
Q

Are bones metabolically active ?

Vesicular supply

A

Yes

Rich vascular supply

35
Q

Name two types of bone

Which part produces blood cells ‘ contains marrow

A

Compact/dense

Spongy/cancellous (contains marrow and produces blood cells )

36
Q

what tissue are all connective tissues formed ?

A

Osteoprogenitor

37
Q

Which cell secreted collagen fibres to build extracellular matrix of bone tissues

A

Osteoblasts

38
Q

Which cell maintains daily metabolism of bone tissue such as exchange nutrients with blood

A

Osteocytes

39
Q

What cell releases powerful enzymes that digest the protein and mineral components of the extracellular matrix

A

Osteoclasts

40
Q

What are the main cells of bone tissue ?

A

Osteocytes

41
Q

What cells form bone matrix

A

Osteoblasts

42
Q

Which cell within the bone is undifferentiated ?

A

Osteoprogenitor

43
Q

Describe the difference in function of yellow and red bone marrow

A

Yellow - stores fat

Red- responsible for producing blood cells (hometopoiesis)

44
Q

Describe the structures of compact bone

A

Osteons make up structure

Osteocytes arranged in concentric layers around central canal with blood vessels

Lamellae of osteon form cylinders around canal

Surrounded by periosteum

45
Q

Describe the structure of spongy bone

A

Lamellae from rods = trabeculae

Frequent branching of thin trabeculae create open network
Red marrow in the spaces

Nutrients via canaliculi

46
Q

Describe the structures of bone

Diaphysis

Epiphysis

Metaphysis

A

Diaphysis - shaft

Epiphysis - proximal and distal ends

Metaphysis - Regions between the shaft and ends

47
Q

Describe the Periosteum

Structure

Function

A

Tough connective tissue sheath

Associated with blood supply + supplies the bone surface

48
Q

Describe the medullary cavity of a bone

Function?

A

Cavity within the diaphysis (shaft)

That contains bone marrow + blood vessels

49
Q

Name 5 types of bone + shape

+ EG

A

Long bone = tubular (femur )

Short bones= cuboidal ()

Flat bones = protective functions (cranium )

Irregular bones = various shapes (zygomatic )

Sesamoid bones = in tendons (patella )

50
Q

What are ordinary blood plasma levels

A

Between 9-11mg/100mL

51
Q

Name the two types off reduction in treating a fracture

+ explain

A

Closed reduction - fractured ends of bone are realigned by manual manipulation and the skin remains intact

Open reduction- fracture ends are realigned by a surgical procedure using fixation devices such as screws.

52
Q

Within the bone where do nutrient arteries pass through ?

How does blood reach osteocytes

How are ends of bones supplied with blood

A

Nutrient Foraman

Via haversian systems

Metaphysiseal and epiphyseal arteries

53
Q

Describe the stages of bone fracture repair (internal )

A

Blood vessels crossing the fracture line are broken

Mass of blood forms around the site of the fracture (hematoma )

Blood vessels grow in the fracture
Phagocytes + osteoclasts begin to clear up dead blood cells

Fibroblasts from periosteum invade fracture site and produce collagen fibres

Ostoprogenitor cells develop into osteoblasts which begin to produce spongy bone

Dead portion of fragments the absorbed by osteoclasts

Compact bone replaces spongy bone around the periphery of the fracture

54
Q

Name three types of joints

A

Fibrous -cranium
Cartilaginous -
Synovial

55
Q

Describe cartilaginous joints

Primary
Secondary

A

United by hyaline/fibro cartilage

Primary cartilaginous joints are temporary joints

Secondary cartilaginous joints string and slightly moveable united by fibrocartilage

56
Q

Describe synovial joints

A

Most common type of joint

Provide free movement
Joints of locomotion

57
Q

Describe plane joints
Movement
+eg

A

Allows gliding/ sliding in plane of articular surfaces

Acromioclavicular joint

58
Q

Name the difference between three different grades of sprains

A

1- slight displacement ligament may be stretched or partially torn

2- partial separation some ligaments damaged

3-complete separation large displacement capsule around joint are torn along with all ligaments

59
Q

Describe hinge joints
Movement

Capsule ?

E.g

A

Allow flexion and extension only

Capsule thin

Elbow

60
Q

Describe condyloid joints
Movement

E.g

A

Flexion, extension ,
Adduction and abductions

E.g metacarpophalangeal

61
Q

Describe pivot joints
Movement

Eg

A

Permits rotation around central axis

Atlantoaxial joint (allows movement if head )

62
Q

Describe ball and socket joints
Movement

Example

A

Allows movements in multiples planes

Spheroid also surface of one bone moves within another

63
Q

Name 3 types of vascular cells

A

Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Thrombocytes (platelets )

IMS (74 decks)

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