W5- Lecture 22- Biological roles of fatty acids Flashcards
General formula for saturated fatty acids
CH3 (CH2 )n COOH
where are the alpha beta and omega carbons in a fatty acids ?
In reference from the end closest to the carboxylic acid
HO-C=O 1st carbon
alpha = second carbon
beta = third carbon
omega= last carbon in the chain compared to carboxylic acid
what is the visual difference between a trans and cis double bond
cis = E
trans =Z
name 4 essential fatty acids
Stearic acid
Oleic acid Ω9-fatty acid 1st C=C at C9
Linoleic acid Ω6-fatty acid 1st C=C at C6
a-linoleic acid Ω3-fatty acid 1st C=C at C3
Eicosapentaenoic acid Ω3
Docosahexaenoic acid Ω3
arachidonic acid Ω6
In what form are fatty acids stored in adipose tissue
triacylglycerols(TAG)
Describe Triacylglycerol metabolism(TAG)
TAG can have fatty acids liberated by a hormone sensitive lipase
FFA + glycerol -3-P (from glycolysis ) are imputs
describe hormone sensitive lipase’s action
intracellular - activated by phosphorylation - dephosphorylation is aided by insulin
high glucose results in:
inhibition of lipolysis,
provides glycerol-3-phosphate from glycolysis,
and this promotes fat storage
role to enzyme break ester bonds and release FFA
describe sphingolipids structure
sphingosine back bone instead of glycerol
how does Covalent modifications of proteins change function ?
Increase interaction with membranes (lipid anchors)
Promote protein-protein interactions
(reversible processes)
Production of fatty acid hormones
prostaglandins/prostacylin can be produced by phospholipids via production of Cycloxygenases (COX)
Thromboxane andLeukotrienes can be produces by phospholipids via a different pathway
prostaglandins/prostacylin,Thromboxane and Leukotrienes
Stimulate inflammation, modulate synaptic transmission, stimulate sleep
