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IMS > W7- Lecture 32- B cell & Antibodies > Flashcards

W7- Lecture 32- B cell & Antibodies Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the activation of t helper cells

A

Antigen presenting cell MCH2/antigen complex’s bind to specific T cell receptor allows activation

B7 on antigen presenting cell binds to CD28 on the T cell

Cell to cell interaction allow survival

Cytokines activate differentiations

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2
Q

Descibe the activation of cytotoxic T cells

A

MHC1/antigen complex bind to t helper cell
And b7 binds to cd28

Proliferation
T helper cell releases cytokines
Costimulation by CD4 cells that have come across the same antigens
Induces proliferation

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3
Q

What are the function of IgD antibodies

A

Antigen receptor virgin B-cells

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4
Q

IgM

Function

A

Agglutinin; activates complement

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5
Q

IgG

Function

A

Opsonin; activates complement

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6
Q

IgA

Function

A

Secretory; protects mucosa

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7
Q

IgE

Function

A

Inflammatory; protection vs helminths

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8
Q

Name the five types of antibodies

A 
IgD
IgM
IgG
IgA
IgE
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9
Q

Where do you find B cells ?

A

Lymphatic tissues

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10
Q

Describe the activation of B cells

A

Activated by B cell receptors binding to specific antigens

B cells respond to antigens by taking in some of the antigen then combining with MCH2 receptions and
displaying this on the cell surface

Complex is recognised by helper T cells which secrete Cytokines (IL-2,4,6)
These co stimulate the B cells

Activation - enlarge and differentiate into plasma cells which secrete antibodies
Some differentiate into memory cells

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11
Q

What hold the heavy and light chains of the antibodies together ?

A

Disulphide bonds

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12
Q

How many epitopes can an antibody bind ?

How ?

A

2

Flexibility of the hinge region allows the two recognition sites to bind widely to separate antigens

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13
Q

How many amino acids do we expect in a heavy/ light chain of antibodies ?

A

450

220

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14
Q

Where is the hinge region on an antibody ?

A

Where the heavy chains are held together by disulphide bonds

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15
Q

What are the variable regions on an antibody ?
Where ?
Function

A

found at the tips of the H and l chains at the apex of the antibodies arms.

2 binding sites

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16
Q

What is the constant region of an antibody ?
Where ?
Differences with other antibodies ?

A

regions of the H and L chains not associated with antigen binding.

The C region of the H chain does vary slightly between different classes
Makes the difference between 5 types

17
Q

Where can you find IgA
Function

Structure

A

Found in tears, breast milk , saliva, and mucus
Protects from pathogens

2x IgD antibodies bound together

18
Q

Where can you find IgD

Function

A

On B cells

As receptor - activates basophils and mast cells

19
Q

FUNCTION of IgE

A

Protects against parasitic worms

+ Responsible for allergic reactions

20
Q

Where can you find IgM
Function
Structure

A

Attached to immature B cells + secreted in blood

Responsible for early stages of immunity

5x IgE antibodies bound by disulphide bridges

21
Q

What are the 6 main functions of antibodies ?

A 
Neutralisation 
Agglutination (immobilisation or attaching to flagella )
Precipitation 
Competitive fixation 
Opsonisation (triggers phago)
Activation of nk cells
22
Q

Describe how antibodies activate natural killer cells + action

A

Antibodies bind to target cells
Fc receptors on nk cell recognise antibodies + bind
Conformational change in the fc region of the antibody
This change signals degranulation and killing of target cells

23
Q

Describe how antibodies activate mast cells + action

A

Multiple antibodies bind to mast cell
The cross links bound from adjacent IgE
cause granules to release contents including histamine and other inflammatory regulators

24
Q

Which antibodies can neutralise pathogens ?

A

IgM
IgG 1,2,3,4
IgA

25
Q

Which antibodies can carry out opsonisation ?

A 
IgM 
IgG 1(major )
IgG 3
IgG 4
IgA
26
Q

Which antibodies can carry out sensitisation for killing by nk cells ?

A

IgG 1

IgG 3

27
Q

Which antibodies can carry out sensitisation of mast cells ?

A

IgG 1
IgG 3
IgE (major )

28
Q

Which antibodies can activate complement system?

A 
IgM (major )
IgG 1
IgG 2
IgG 3(major )
IgA
29
Q

Which antibodies can transport across the epithelium

A

IgM

IgA (dimer) very well

30
Q

Which antibodies can transport across the membrane >

A

IgG 1 very well
IgG 2
IgG 3

31
Q

Which antibodies can diffuse into extravascular sites ?

A

IgG 1,2,3,4 very well
IgA
IgE

IMS (74 decks)

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