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IMS > W1- Lecture 1- prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells > Flashcards

W1- Lecture 1- prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Flashcards

1
Q

Why is a plasma membrane import for cells ?(6)

A

Encloses all cells;
Separates from environment;
Lipid bilayer;
Selective channels - proteins that control import and export of substances;
Ability to deform without tearing;
Can grow with cell without losing continuity.

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2
Q

Label a phospholipid

A

Hydrophilic head

Hydrophobic tail

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3
Q

What is the major use of rna

A

translate information in DNA into protein

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4
Q

Where does protein synthesis take place ?

A

Right

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5
Q

8 major characteristics of all cells

A 
Plasma membrane 
Dna
Genetic code same in all cells(some exceptions )
Rna
Proteins determaiun structure and functions of cell
Ribosomes 
All cells need energy 
All cells are derived from other cells
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6
Q

Why do cells need energy

A

Maintains internal environment
Synthesise essential compouds
Tranfer energy from one site to another

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7
Q

Why do we think all life derived from prokaryotic cells ?

A

Similarities among living cells is too great

Common cell components (amino acids, sugars, nucleotides & fatty acids) which can be made in vitro from simple organic molecules (carbon, nitrogen, oxygen);

Evidence from fossils
Prokaryote 3.5 billion years ago
Last eukaryotic ancestor 1.5 billion years

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8
Q

What size are prokaryotes

A

Small less then 10μm

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9
Q

What shapes are prokaryotes ?

A

Spherical
Rod
Spiral

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10
Q

What compound can we find in prokaryotic cell walls ?

A

peptidoglycan

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11
Q

What acid makes up gram postive bacteria ?

A

Lipoteichoic acid

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12
Q

What does a gram negative bacteria have that isn’t shared with gram postive bacteria ?

A

Porins
Endotoxins/LPS(outer membrane )
Periplasmic space

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13
Q

Which structures do both gram postive and negative prokaryotes share ?

A 
Flagella
Pilus
Capsule 
Cell wall 
Peptiglycan
Cytoplasmic membrane
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14
Q

By what process do prokaryotes replicate+ explain this

A

Binary fission

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15
Q

Name three food sources for prokaryotes

A 
Sugars 
Amino acids 
Fats 
C form co2 
N from N2
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16
Q

What is the process of conjugation

A

Bacterial cells can exchange gene information between different species;
(horizontal gene Tranfer )

17
Q

Explain the process of conjugation

A

Donor cell attaches to recipient cell through a pilus (F-pili) and transfers DNA;

Mention of DNA polymerase
Relaxasome transferasome

18
Q

Why is conjugation important for prokaryotes

A

Enhances natural selection advantage.

19
Q

Why is horizontal gene transfer a problem ?

A

Increases antibiotic resistance, does need mutations can just transfer antibiotic resistance to other bacterial

20
Q

Name 4 things all bacteria have

A

Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
70s ribosomes
Nuclear region containing DNA

21
Q

Some bacteria may also have ___

A 
Pilus 
Capsule cell wall 
Inclusions (to store nutrients )
Plasmid
Flagella 
Fimbriae(attachment pilus )
22
Q

Label a bacteria / prokaryotic cell

A

.

23
Q

What surrounds a nucleus

A

Most are enclosed in a double membrane

24
Q

Where is the site of translating DNA into proteins (in eukaryotes )?

A

Ribosomes

25
Q

Where does protein synthesis take place along with other metabolic reactions (eukaryotes )?

A

Cytoplasm

26
Q

Name 7 membrane bound organelles

A 
Mitochondria 
Chloroplast 
Golgi apparatus 
Ribosomes 
Lysosomes 
Centriole 
Vacuole
27
Q

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

A

packing

etc. of proteins

28
Q

Which organelle Divides the cytoplasm into compartments & is involved in protein synthesis

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

29
Q

What forms the cytoskeleton ?

& function

A

Cytoplasmic fibres

Gives cell structural support

30
Q

Label a plant cell

A

.

31
Q

Label an animal cell

A

.

32
Q 
What are the differences in eukaryotes and prokaryotes ?
Nucleolus
Size 
Genetic info
Histones ?
Cell walls
Organelles 
Cytoskeleton 
Replication
A 
Eukaryote (true nucleolus)
Larger cells (>10 µm)
Paired chromosomes, in a nuclear membrane
Histones
Polysaccharide cell walls
Organelles
Always has a cytoskeleton
Mitosis or meiosis
Sexual or asexual
Prokaryote (no nucleolus)
Small cells (< 10 µm)
One circular chromosome, not in a membrane
No histones
Peptidoglycan cell walls
No membrane bound organelles - ribosomes
No cytoskeleton
Binary fission
Reproduction always asexual

IMS (74 decks)

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