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Vocabulary Flashcards

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1
Q

Assert

A

(Verb) State a fact or belief confidently and forcefully; Claim- Declare: The company asserts that the cuts will not affect development

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2
Q

Intellect

A

(Noun) The faculty of reasoning and understanding objectively, especially with regard to abstract or academic matters; Wisdom- Reason: He was a man of action rather than of intellect

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3
Q

Imply

A

(Verb) Strongly suggest the truth or existence of (something not expressly stated); Point- Connote- Convey: The salesmen who uses jargon to imply his superior knowledge

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4
Q

Scrutinize

A

(Verb) Examine or inspect closely and thoroughly; Examine/Analyze carefully- Inspect: Customers were warned to scrutinize the small print

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5
Q

Forsake

A

(Verb) Abandon (someone or something); Abandon- Unleash: He would never forsake Tara

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6
Q

Despise

A

(Verb) Feel contempt or a deep repugnance for; Humiliate- Contemn: He despised himself for being selfish

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7
Q

Peculiar

A

(Adjective) Strange or odd; unusual; Exotic- Odd: His accent was a peculiar mixture of Cockney and Irish

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8
Q

Affection

A

(Noun) A gentle feeling of fondness or liking; Kindness- tenderness: She felt affection for the wise old lady

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9
Q

Perplex

A

(Verb) (of something complicated or unaccountable) cause (someone) to feel completely baffled; Confound- Confuse: She was perplexed by her husband’s moodiness

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10
Q

Deprivation

A

(Noun) The damaging lack of material benefits considered to be basic necessities in a society; Exclusion- Impoverishment: Low wages mean that 3.75 million people suffer serious deprivation

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11
Q

Signify

A

(Verb) Be an indication of; Implicate- Hold out: This decision signified a fundamental change in their priorities

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12
Q

Emergence

A

(Noun) The process of coming into view or becoming exposed after being concealed; Disclosure- Becoming Known: I misjudged the timing of my emergence
(Noun)
The process of coming into being, or of becoming important or prominent; Appearance- Arrival: The emergence of the environmental movement

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13
Q

Eliminate

A

(Verb) completely remove or get rid of (something): Abolish- Wipe out: A policy that would eliminate inflation

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14
Q

Partly

A

(Adverb) To some extent; not completely; To a certain degree- Partially: The result is partly a matter of skill and partly of chance
Raining is due partly to huge amount of water evaporating.

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15
Q

Contribute

A

(Verb) Give (something, especially money) in order to help achieve or provide something; Donate- make a donation: She contributed to a private pension

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16
Q

Evolution

A

(Noun) The process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms during the history of the earth: Darwinism
(Noun) The gradual development of something, especially from a simple to a more complex form; Advancement- Growth: The forms of written languages undergo constant evolution

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17
Q

Radically

A

Adverb
In a thorough or fundamental way; completely.
You must radically change the way you do business.

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18
Q

Applause

A

Noun
Approval or praise expressed by clapping; Standing ovation- Praise- Admiration- acclaim
they gave him a round of applause

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19
Q

Manipulate

A

Verb
Handle or control (a tool, mechanism, etc.), typically in a skillful manner; Operate: He manipulated the dials of the set.
The doctor manipulated the bone back into place.
Control or influence (a person or situation) cleverly, unfairly, or unscrupulously; Exploit:
The masses were deceived and manipulated by a tiny group.
Clever politicians know how to manipulate police opinion.

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20
Q

Irrational

A

Adjective
Not based on reason or clear thought. Not logical or reasonable; Unreasonable- Illogical- Pointless: Irrational feelings of hostility

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21
Q

Perpetuate

A 
Verb
Make (something, typically an undesirable situation or an unfounded belief) continue indefinitely; Keep alive- Preserve- Conserve: The law perpetuated the interests of the ruling class.
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22
Q

Boast

A

Verb
Talk with excessive pride and self-satisfaction about one’s achievements, possessions, or abilities; Exaggerate- Overstate: She boasted about her many conquests.
I wish she wouldn’t boast about her family so much.
The town boasts over a dozen restaurants.

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23
Q

Reasoning

A

Noun
The action of thinking about something in a logical, sensible way; Argument- Ratiocination:
He explained the reasoning behind his decision at a media conference.
What’s the reasoning behind his sudden decision to leave?

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24
Q

Exemplify

A

Verb
To be/ Serve as a typical example of something; Typify- Personify:
Rock bands that best exemplify the spirit of the age.

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25
Q

Curb

A

Verb
Restrain or keep in check; Limit- Restrict
she promised she would curb her temper

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26
Q

Satire

A

Noun
The use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people’s stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues; Mockery- Ridicule: The crude satire seems to be directed at the fashionable protest singers of the time

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27
Q

Obsess

A

Verb
Preoccupy or fill the mind of (someone) continually, intrusively, and to a troubling extent; Preoccupy-
He was obsessed with the theme of death

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28
Q

Unprecedented

A

Adjective

Never done or known before; Unique- Unheard- Unexampled

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29
Q

Unsolicited

A

Adjective

Not asked for; given or done voluntarily; Uninvited- Unasked for: Unsolicited junk mail

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30
Q

Irrelevant

A

Adjective
Not connected with or relevant to something; Impertinent-
An irrelevant comment

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31
Q

Reluctant

A

Adjective

Unwilling and hesitant; disinclined.

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32
Q

Shrug

A 
Verb
Raise (one's shoulders) slightly and momentarily to express doubt, ignorance, or indifference: Jimmy looked inquiringly at Pete, who shrugged his shoulders
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33
Q

Enforce

A

Verb
Compel observance of or compliance with (a law, rule, or obligation); Impose- Apply: The role of the police is to enforce the law.

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34
Q

Ethnic

A

Adjective
relating to a population subgroup (within a larger or dominant national or cultural group) with a common national or cultural tradition; Racial- Familial: Leaders of ethnic communities

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35
Q

Stringent

A

Adjective
(of regulations, requirements, or conditions) strict, precise, and exacting; Precise- Strict- Accurate: California’s air pollution guidelines are stringent

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36
Q

Undermine

A

Verb
Erode the base or foundation of (a rock formation); Erode: The flow of water had undermined pillars supporting the roof

Lessen the effectiveness, power, or ability of, especially gradually or insidiously; Sabotage- Weaken: This could undermine years of hard work

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37
Q

Vigorous

A

Adjective

Strong, healthy, and full of energy; Powerful- Potent- Intense: A tall, vigorous, and muscular man

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38
Q

Amicable

A

Adjective
(of relations between people) having a spirit of friendliness; without serious disagreement or rancor; Friendly- Goog-natured- Corial: There will be an amicable settlement of the dispute

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39
Q

Permissive

A

Adjective
Allowing or characterized by great or excessive freedom of behavior; Allowed- Permissible- Allowable- Licensed- Admissible: The permissive society of the 60s and 70s

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40
Q

Surfeit

A

Noun

An excessive amount of something; Indulgence- Extravagance- Exceeding- Excess- Surplus: A surfeit of food and drink

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41
Q

Faction

A

Noun
A small organized dissenting group within a larger one, especially in politics; Sect- Party: The left-wing faction of the party

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42
Q

Illusion

A

Noun
A thing that is or is likely to be wrongly perceived or interpreted by the senses; Delusion: The illusion makes parallel lines seem to diverge by placing them on a zigzag-striped background

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43
Q

Neglect

A

Verb
Fail to care for properly; Negligence- Fail to look after: The old churchyard has been sadly neglected.
dodge

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44
Q

Relieve

A

Verb
Cause (pain, distress, or difficulty) to become less severe or serious; Mitigate- Alleviate: The drug was used to promote sleep and to relieve pain

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45
Q

Delightful

A

Adjective

Causing delight; Charming; Enjoyable- Delightful- Pleasurable: A delightful secluded garden

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46
Q

Comprehensive

A

Adjective
Complete; including all or nearly all elements or aspects of something; Detailed: American grocery stores offered comprehensive services.

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47
Q

Wrap up

A

Verb

Cover or enclose (someone or something) in paper or soft material; Pack- Put up: The clerks wrap the items up.

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48
Q

Inefficient

A

Adjective
Not achieving maximum productivity; wasting or failing to make the best use of time or resources; Ineffective- Incompetent: Chain stores, although containing full services, were very time-consuming and inefficient for the purchase.

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49
Q

Tremendous

A

Adjective
Very great in amount, scale, or intensity; Enormous- Colossal: Having noticed that shopping was performed in a quite backward way and inconvenient shopping mode could lead to tremendous consumption of time and money, he, with great enthusiasm and innovation, proposed an unprecedented solution.

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50
Q

Revolution

A

Noun
A forcible overthrow of a government or social order, in favor of a new system: Let the consumers do self-service in the process of shopping which might bring a thorough revolution to the whole industry.

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51
Q

Perspective

A

Noun
A particular attitude toward or way of regarding something; A point of view- Outlook- Standpoint: After moving to the capital city he put his perspective into practice, that is, to establish a grocery wholesale cooperative.

52
Q

Recreation

A

Noun
Activity done for enjoyment when one is not working; Entertainment- Amusement- Pleasure: athletic and recreation facilities

53
Q

Spotless

A

Adjective

Absolutely clean or pure; immaculate; Perfect- Flawless: A spotless white apron

54
Q

Sizzle

A

Verb
(of food) make a hissing sound when frying or cooking; Crackle- Frizzle: the bacon began to sizzle in the pan
Noun
A hissing sound, as of food frying or cooking: The sizzle of hot dogs

55
Q

Bidder

A

Noun
A person or organization making a formal offer for something, especially at an auction; Proposer: She was the highest bidder for this rare portrait

56
Q

Poverty

A

Noun

The state of being extremely poor; Indigence- Neediness : Thousands of families are living in abject poverty

57
Q

Rush

A

Verb
move with urgent haste; Hurry- get a move on: Jason rushed after her.
Noun
A sudden quick movement toward something, typically by a number of people; Jump: There was a rush for the door

58
Q

Mobility

A

Noun
The ability to move or be moved freely and easily; Portability- Dynamism: This exercise helps retain mobility in the damaged joints

59
Q

Essence

A

Noun
The intrinsic nature or indispensable quality of something, especially something abstract, that determines its character; Soul- Spirit- Nature: Conflict is the essence of drama

60
Q

Traumatize

A

Verb
Subject to lasting shock as a result of an emotionally disturbing experience or physical injury: The children were traumatized by separation from their families

61
Q

Look after

A

Verb
Watch out
Mind

62
Q

Militant

A

Adjective
Combative and aggressive in support of a political or social cause, and typically favoring extreme, violent, or confrontational methods: The army are in conflict with militant groups

63
Q

Legitimate

A

Adjective
Conforming to the law or to rules; Legal- Lawful: His claims to legitimate authority
Verb
Make legitimate; justify or make lawful; Legitimize: The regime was not legitimated by popular support

64
Q

Batter

A

Noun
A semi-liquid mixture of flour, egg, and milk or water used in cooking, especially for making cakes or for coating food before frying: Pancake batter

65
Q

Freckle

A

Noun
A small patch of light brown color on the skin, often becoming more pronounced through exposure to the sun; Spot- Stain: She had a light sprinkling of freckles on her nose

66
Q

Bait

A

Noun

Food used to entice fish or other animals as prey; Lure: Herrings make excellent bait for pike.

67
Q

Foster

A

Verb
Encourage or promote the development of (something, typically something regarded as good); Encourage- Develop: The teacher’s task is to foster learning

Bring up (a child that is not one’s own by birth); Breed: A person who would foster Holly was found.

68
Q

Tent

A

Noun
A portable shelter made of cloth, supported by one or more poles and stretched tight by cords or loops attached to pegs driven into the ground.
Verb
Cover with or as if with a tent; Pitch in tent- Camp out in tent: The garden had been completely tented over for supper

69
Q

Hostile

A

Adjective

Unfriendly; Antagonistic- Adversary- Confrontational: A hostile audience

70
Q

breakthrough

A

Noun

Advance

71
Q

Outage

A

Verb

Disconnect

72
Q

Soar

A

Verb

Fly or rise high in the air; climb- Ascend- Boost: The bird spread its wings and soared into the air

73
Q

Franchise

A

Verb
An authorization granted by a government or company to an individual or group enabling them to carry out specified commercial activities, e.g., providing a broadcasting service or acting as an agent for a company’s products: Toyota granted the group a franchise.

74
Q

Legacy

A

Noun
An amount of money or property left to someone in a will; Heritage- Inheritance: She died, leaving abundant legacy mainly symbolized by the pattern of which spread extensively and lasted permanently.

75
Q

Resemblance

A

Noun
The state of resembling or being alike; Similarity- Likeness: After studying the similarities between chimpanzees and humans for years, researchers have recognized these resemblances run much deeper than anyone first thought in the latest decade.

76
Q

Dialect

A

Noun
A particular form of a language which is peculiar to a specific region or social group; Regional language: Like the regional dialects of different species of songbirds.

77
Q

Turn out

A

Verb
It turns out that the rich and varied cultural traditions they enjoyed rank secondly in complexity only to human traditions.

78
Q

Distinct

A

Adjective
Recognizably different in nature from something else of a similar type: Different- Distinguished: The major research group which studies chimpanzees collaborated unprecedentedly and documented some distinct cultural patterns, ranging from animals’ use of tools to their forms of communication and social customs.

79
Q

Ponder

A 
Verb
Think about (something) carefully, especially before making a decision or reaching a conclusion; Think about- Give thought to: This emerging picture of chimpanzees affects how human beings ponder upon these amazing creatures.
80
Q

Surpass

A

Verb
To be better of greater than somebody or something else. Exceed; be greater than; Outstrip: We know that Homo sapiens and Pan Troglodytes have coexisted for hundreds of millennia and their genetics similarities surpass 98 percent.

81
Q

Witness

A 
Verb
See (an event, typically a crime or accident) take place; Attest- Testify- Affirm: Researchers witnessed a variety of unexpected behaviors, ranging from fashioning and using tools, hunting, meat eating, food sharing to lethal fights between members of neighboring communities.
82
Q

Speculate

A

Verb
Form a theory or conjecture about a subject without firm evidence; Think- Contemplate- Conjecture:
She speculated that some variations shared what she referred to as a ‘cultural origin’.

83
Q

Culinary

A

Noun
Of or for cooking: The diversity of human cultures extends from technological variations to marriage rituals, from culinary habits ti myths and legends.

84
Q

Criterion

A

Noun
A principle or standard by which something may be judged or decided; Standard- Basis- Benchmark: This is the fundamental criterion for a cultural trait- something can be learnt by observing the established skills of others and then passed on to following generations.

85
Q

Implication

A

Noun
The conclusion that can be drawn from something although it is not explicitly stated; Indication: What are the implications for themselves?

86
Q

Decimate

A

Verb
Kill, destroy, or remove a large percentage or part of.;: We must place a high value upon the tragic loss of chimpanzees, who are decimated just when finally we are coming to appreciate these astonishing animals more completely.

87
Q

Plummet

A

Verb
Fall or drop straight down at high speed; Descend rapidly: The population of chimpanzees has plummeted and continued to fall due to illegal trapping, logging and, most recently, the bushmeat trade within the past century.

88
Q

Exclaim

A

Verb

Cry out suddenly, especially in surprise, anger, or pain; Declare- Come out with: Well, I never,” she exclaimed

89
Q

Delve into

A

Verb
Reach inside a receptacle and search for something; Excavate- Explore: Scientists have been delving into chimpanzees culture for several decades

90
Q

Manifesto

A

Noun
A public declaration of policy and aims, especially one issued before an election by a political party or candidate; Statement: A manifesto for LGBT liberation

91
Q

Incur

A

Verb

Cause

92
Q

Movement

A

Major international companies can’t figure out the popularity of the anti-capitalist movement.

93
Q

Popularity

A

Noun
The state or condition of being liked, admired, or supported by many people; Approval- Acceptance: Major international companies can’t figure out the popularity of the anti-capitalist movement.

94
Q

Sacrifice

A

Noun
An act of slaughtering an animal or person or surrendering a possession as an offering to God or to a divine or supernatural figure: When I look back on my childhood, I remember the many sacrifices my parents made for me.

95
Q

Stamina

A

Noun

The ability to sustain prolonged physical or mental effort; Forbearance

96
Q

Visibility

A

Noun:
The state of being able to see or be seen; Vision- Sight:
A reduction in police presence and visibility on the streets

97
Q

Severity

A

Noun
The fact or condition of being severe; Intensity- Hardship- Difficulty: Despite the severity of the disease, many people pull through with the help of appropriate drugs.

98
Q

Recession

A

Noun
A period of temporary economic decline during which trade and industrial activity are reduced, generally identified by a fall in GDP in two successive quarters; Economic decline- Downturn:
During the recession, many workers in the primary sector ended up jobless.

99
Q

Humidity

A

Noun
The state or quality of being humid; Moisture- Wetness: As the wind dies down, the heat and humidity gradually begin to rise.

100
Q

Quota

A

Noun
A fixed share of something that a person or group is entitled to receive or is bound to contribute; Allocation- Share- Allowance: Once the government did away with quotas, the market was flooded with cheap foreign imports.

101
Q

Revitalize

A 
Verb
Imbue (something) with new life and vitality; Give boost to- Renew- Regenerate: After years of decline, government investment is revitalizing the area, and things are finally looking up for local businesses.
102
Q

Dump

A

Verb
Deposit or dispose of (garbage, waste, or unwanted material), typically in a careless or hurried way; Dispose of- Get rid of- Throw away- Throw out- Discard- Scrap: Large companies can no longer get away with dumping industrial waste in rivers.

103
Q

Opposition

A

Noun
Resistance or dissent, expressed in action or argument; Disagreement: When our local council tried to build a ring road around the town, they came up against a lot of opposition.

104
Q

Council

A

Noun
An advisory, deliberative, or legislative body of people formally constituted and meeting regularly; Advisory body- Advisory- Group board- Board of directors- Committee: When our local council tried to build a ring road around the town, they came up against a lot of opposition

105
Q

Rebel

A

Verb
Rise in opposition or armed resistance to an established government or ruler: Although many children look up to their parents, many rebel against their values and way of life.

106
Q

Accommodation

A

Noun
A convenient arrangement; a settlement or compromise: Management was seeking an accommodation with labor
Place- Room- Space: Accommodation in some cities is so expensive that some people cannot even afford to put down the eight weeks’ deposit that is required

107
Q

Persuade

A 
Verb
Cause (someone) to do something through reasoning or argument; Induce- They were reluctant to make changes, but we managed to talk them round (persuade them).
108
Q

Afford

A

Verb
Have enough money to pay for: They were turned out of the apartment by their landlord when they could no longer afford the rent, and ended up living on the street.

109
Q

Pastime

A

Noun
An activity that someone does regularly for enjoyment rather than work; a hobby: When I was at school, some teachers unfairly picked on children who avoided sport because they preferred more creative interests and pastimes.

110
Q

Assimilate

A 
Verb
Take in (information, ideas, or culture) and understand fully: Technology is moving at such a fast pace it is no longer possible to assimilate all the latest developments.
111
Q

Momentum

A

Noun
The quantity of motion of a moving body, measured as a product of its mass and velocity: Finally, going straight to university from school means that you maintain a momentum that you might lose if you go travelling.

112
Q

Drastic

A

Adjective

likely to have a strong or far-reaching effect; Radical- Extreme- Forceful: Despite banning tobacco advertising and raising the price of cigarettes, the government’s antismoking campaign has failed to have any long-term effects. It is now widely believed that more drastic measures are necessary.

113
Q

Tackle

A

Verb
Make determined efforts to deal with (a problem or difficult task); Cope: A new national committee, which has been formed to tackle the problem, has made several recommendations.

114
Q

Deny

A

Verb
Refuse to give or grant (something requested or desired) to (someone); Turn down- Reject: These include banning smoking in all public areas, and denying hospital treatment to persistent smokers who have been warned by their doctors to give up but failed to do so.

115
Q

Persistent

A

Adjective
Continuing to exist or endure over a prolonged period; Constant- Continuing: These include banning smoking in all public areas, and denying hospital treatment to persistent smokers who have been warned by their doctors to give up but failed to do so.

116
Q

Conscientious

A

Adjective
(of a person) wishing to do what is right, especially to do one’s work or duty well and thoroughly; Diligent- Industrious: It is arguable whether good pronunciation is more important than good grammar and vocabulary.
Conscientious students balance their acquisition of these skills, hoping to achieve both fluency and
accuracy.

117
Q

Acquisition

A

Noun
The learning or developing of a skill, habit, or quality: Conscientious students balance their acquisition of these skills, hoping to achieve both fluency and
accuracy.

118
Q

Practise

A 
Verb
Perform (an activity) or exercise (a skill) repeatedly or regularly in order to improve or maintain one's proficiency; Rehearse: English teachers should encourage their students to practise all the relevant language skills, and use their English at every opportunity.
119
Q

Decent

A

Adjective
Conforming with generally accepted standards of respectable or moral behavior. Of an acceptable standard; satisfactory; Satisfactory- Reasonable: It is becoming increasingly difficult for many people to find decent accommodation in the city at a price they can afford. To put it simply, there are too many people and not enough homes for them. Local community centers and charitable organizations such as Home Front can offer advice, but it is widely agreed that the situation is no longer manageable.

120
Q

Acknowledgement

A

Noun
Acceptance of the truth or existence of something; Acceptance- Admission- Confession: The fact that some councils in the city are building cheap, temporary housing for lower-paid professionals is the only official acknowledgement of this problem.

121
Q

Recommendation

A

Noun
A suggestion or proposal as to the best course of action, especially one put forward by an authoritative body; Advice- Guidance: A new national committee, which has been formed to tackle the problem, has made several recommendations.

122
Q

Accuracy

A

Noun
The quality or state of being correct or precise; Correctness: It is arguable whether good pronunciation is more important than good grammar and vocabulary.
Conscientious students balance their acquisition of these skills, hoping to achieve both fluency and
accuracy.

123
Q

Fluency

A

Noun
The quality or condition of being fluent: It is arguable whether good pronunciation is more important than good grammar and vocabulary. Conscientious students balance their acquisition of these skills, hoping to achieve both fluency and accuracy.

124
Q

Uptick

A

Increase

125
Q

Chunk out

A

Split out

126
Q

Quadruple

A

Fourfold

English Vocabulary (58 decks)

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