Adjective Flashcards
Demotivated
Feeling less interested in and enthusiastic about your work: Employees sometimes feel unfairly compensated for their work and are therefore demotivated.
Indispensable
Absolutely necessary; Essential- Crucial- Urgent: Public doctors and teachers provide indispensable services.
Rugged
(of ground or terrain) having a broken, rocky, and uneven surface; Rough- Uneven- Bumpy- Rocky- Stony- Irregular- Pitted: The rugged hills are a prominent feature of the landscape.
Assumed
Supposed- Granted: We all assumed, wrongly as it turned out, that we would be interviewed
individually.
Exorbitant
(of a price or amount charged) unreasonably high; Extremely high- Costly: Starts often have to pay exorbitant agent fees.
Regular
Arranged in or constituting a constant or definite pattern, especially with the same space between individual instances; Ordered- In good order: Health care professionals deal with matters of life and death on a regular basis.
Impartial
Treating all rivals or disputants equally; Fair and just- Neutral- Unbiased: I supposed that he was tired of others’ opinion and looking for independent and impartial advice.
Generous
(of a person) showing a readiness to give more of something, as money or time, than is strictly necessary or expected; Merciful- Gracious: Their generous salaries partly compensate for what they sacrifice and all the training they have to undergo.
Vulnerable
Susceptible to physical or emotional attack or harm. Easily harmed or hurt: In danger- Unsafe- At risk: Children are vulnerable and can easily be taken advantage of (to treat someone unfairly for one’s own benefit) by employers.
Destitute
Without the basic necessities of life; Needful- Needy- Penniless- Impoverished: Destitute families in underdeveloped countries often have no other choice but to make their children work for survival.
Interest
Noun
Money paid regularly at a particular rate for the use of money lent, or for delaying the repayment of a debt; Dividends- Profit- Returns: Interest payments on development loans to developing countries should be reduced.
Compulsory
Required by law or a rule; obligatory; Obligatory- Mandatory: In some countries, access to compulsory free education is limited or nonexistent.
Attractive
(of a thing) pleasing or appealing to the senses; Marvelous- Memorable- Absorbing: Fringe benefits like free medical insurance and housing allowance would make jobs in remote areas more attractive.
Daunted
Make (someone) feel intimidated or apprehensive. To feel afraid, worried or less confident; Scare- Frighten- Intimidate- take aback: Many teachers feel daunted by the prospect of having to live in isolation
Irreplaceable
Impossible to replace if lost or damaged; Incommutable- Unique- Unrepeatable- Incomparable: Face-to-face interaction with co-workers and bosses is irreplaceable.
Collective
Done by people acting as a group; Communal: You miss out on the collective energy of the office.
Frustrating
Causing annoyance or upset because of an inability to change or achieve something: It’s very frustrating when a minor technicality puts a stop to your plans.
Specific
Clearly defined or identified; Specified- Certain- Fixed- Set- Determined: Please let me have the specifics as soon as possible.
Broad
Having an ample distance from side to side; wide- Large- Big.
Covering a large number and wide scope of subjects or areas; Comprehensive- Inclusive- Extensive- all-embracing.
General; without detail; General- Nonspecific- Unspecific.
Before you write an essay, you should plan it first and give a broad description without giving much detail.
Bigoted
Obstinately or unreasonably attached to a belief, opinion, or faction, in particular prejudiced against or antagonistic toward a person or people on the basis of their membership of a particular group; Fanatical- Zealous- Intolerant- Rabid- Dogmatic
Bigoted people disgust me with their small-minded attitudes
Punctual
Happening or doing something at the agreed or proper time; On time- Precise- Accurate- Exact- Detailed- Careful- Stringent- Timely: He’s a very punctual person, and dreads being late for anything.
Fond
Having an affection or liking for; keen on- Partial to- Addicted to- Enthusiastic about- Passionate about: She’s fond of classical music, and would like to be a classical pianist
Keen
(of a sense) highly developed; Eager- Enthusiastic- Aspiring- Avid- Willing: A lot of people are keen on football, but it doesn’t interest me.
Passionate
Showing or caused by strong feelings or a strong belief; Sentimental- Pathetic: I’m passionate about flying, but rarely get the chance to go anywhere by plane
Immoral
Not conforming to accepted standards of morality; unethical: It is immoral that some people earn in a month what it takes other people in the same company a whole year to earn.
Legitimate
Conforming to the law or to rules; Legal- Lawful- Licit: It is not legitimate that some people earn in a month what it takes other people in the same company a whole year to earn.
Frequent
occurring or done on many occasions, in many cases, or in quick succession; Repeated- Periodic: Income equality is a frequent cause of industrial action.
Opposite of rare; (of an event, situation, or condition) not occurring very often.; Infrequent- Scarce
Flat
Smooth and even; without marked lumps or indentations. Opposite of Hierarchic: The companies have adopted a flat structure where all employees are involved in decision making and work towards a common goal.
Commensurate
Corresponding in size or degree; On proportion- In line with- Consistent with- Corresponding to- In accordance with. Opposite of Independent of: An employee’s salary should be commensurate with their experience and qualifications. People hope to be offered pay commensurate with their qualifications and experience. A good salary enables you to support your parents. Your pay rise will be commensurate with your additional workload and wider responsibilities.
Naive
Of a person or action) showing a lack of experience, wisdom, or judgment; Unsophisticated- Opposite of Worldly: It is naïve to think that senior staff would accept to have the same salary as those in juniors roles.
Menial
(of work) not requiring much skill and lacking prestige; Unskilled- Routine: Those who risk their lives at work everyday deserve a higher salary than an assistant who does menial office tasks.
A decisive influence
Settling an issue; producing a definite result; Conclusive- Definitive- Determining: Your personality often has a decisive influence on the career path you choose. The success of an internship can exert a decisive influence on a student’s future career choice.
Flexible
Capable of bending easily without breaking: You become more flexible when you have the chance to experience different company cultures.
Versatile
Able to adapt or be adapted to many different functions or activities; Adaptable- Flexible: When you switch jobs, you keep learning new skills and become more versatile.
Lifelong
Lasting or remaining in a particular state throughout a person’s life; Long-lasting- Long-term: Very few companies can guarantee their workers lifelong employment.
Meaningful
Having meaning; Significant- Worthwhile: It takes time to establish the kind of meaningful professional relationships we need to find real job satisfaction.
Detrimental
Tending to cause harm; Harmful- Damaging- Injurious-Hurtful- Adverse- Destructive: By raising the price of flights, the price of goods will also increase, which will be detrimental to consumer.
Vital
Essential
Absolutely necessary or important; Essential- Pivotal- Indispensable- Crucial- Key- Necessary: People develop bad habits and forget vital skills that a regular test would help to avoid.
Many people cannot afford their own private transport, which makes public transport essential.
Attentive
Paying close attention to something; Mindful, Watchful- Careful- heedful: Regular testing will ensure that people continue to be attentive and careful when driving.
Alternative
(of one or more things) available as another possibility: Different- Other- Another- Second- Possible- Substitute- Replacement: A better alternative might be to get people to undergo a full medical examination to assess their fitness to drive.
Sustainable
Able to be maintained at a certain rate or level and to be upheld or defended; Tolerable- Supportable: Some public transport, such as inner-city trams, are highly energy efficient or use sustainable energy.
Public transport has to be more financially sustainable if it is to realize its potential social and environmental benefits.
Efficient
(especially of a system or machine) achieving maximum productivity with minimum wasted effort or expense; Well planned- Well organized- Well ordered: Some public transport, such as inner-city trams, are highly energy efficient or use sustainable energy.
Unreliable
Not able to be relied upon; Irresponsible- Undependable- Untrustworthy- Invalid: The punctuality of buses and trains is frequently unreliable.
Commuters are beginning to desert the public transport system because they find it expensive, overcrowded and unreliable.
Rife
(especially of something undesirable or harmful) of common occurrence; Widespread- General- Common- Universal- Extensive- Ubiquitous: Petty crime such as pickpocketing can be rife on some forms of public transport.
Numerous
Great in number; many; Multiple- Many- Countless: Private transport is quicker as there is no need for numerous stops to pick up passengers in out-of-the-way locations.
Comfortable
(especially of clothes or furnishings) providing physical ease and relaxation; Convenient- Comfy- Cozy- Pleasant- Enjoyable- Agreeable- Congenial: Cars have built-in air conditioning, cushioned seats and other luxuries that make it a more comfortable way to travel.
Inferior
Lower in rank, status, or quality; Lower in status- Lesser- Second-class: To want to buy the same expensive things as your neighbors or friends because you are worried about appearing socially inferior to them.
Viable
Capable of working successfully; Feasible- Workable- Practicable- Practical- Applicable: Cars allow people to commute further to work, which means housing in the suburb or outside the city becomes more viable option.
Unilateral
performed by or affecting only one person, group, or country involved in a particular situation, without the agreement of another or the others; One-sided: In 1986, against everybody else’s wishes, the ruling government made the unilateral decision o close half the country’s coal mines.
Premature
Occurring or done before the usual or proper time; Too early- Too soon- Immature: I think I passed my exams, but it would be premature to say that I’ve done well in all of them.
Intentional
Done on purpose; Deliberate- Willful: More guards should be posted around historical buildings to prevent intentional damage.
Unpleasant
Awkward
Causing discomfort, unhappiness, or revulsion; Disagreeable: By not adapting to the culture, it is possible to deeply offend or insult a local person, which could lead to an unpleasant situation.
Firsthand
Directly
Coming from the original source or personal experience; gained or learned directly: Part of going abroad is to experience firsthand how other people live.
Punishable
Chargeable
(of an act) subject to a judicial punishment; Illegal- Unlawful- Illegitimate- Criminal: In some countries, cultural rules are fixed, and non-compliance is punishable by law.
Unrealistic
Not realistic; Impractical- Impracticable- Unworkable- Unfeasible: It is unrealistic to expect that all foreigners entering a country will discard their own culture in favor of new and unfamiliar customs.
Dissatisfied
not content or happy with something; dDscontented: It is rare for all members of a group to share exactly the same interests, so there will always be someone who is dissatisfied.
Indigenous
Originating or occurring naturally in a particular place; native.; Native- Aboriginal- Local: When indigenous cultures are regularly exposed to masses of tourists, their traditional cultural practices change or disappear.
Unscrupulous
having or showing no moral principles; not honest or fair; Untrustworthy- Shameless: Ecotourism can become an empty slogan used by unscrupulous profit-making organizations to attract environmentally conscious tourists.
Intrusive
Affecting someone’s private life in an annoying way
Causing disruption or annoyance through being unwelcome or uninvited; Intruding- Invasive: Mobile phones are intrusive and have an adverse (negative- Harmful) effect on the environment of other people.
Irresponsible
(of a person, attitude, or action) not showing a proper sense of responsibility; Unreliable: As public phone booths seem to be on verge of extinction, it would be irresponsible to ban mobile phone use.
Offensive
Causing someone to feel deeply hurt, upset, or angry; Insulting- Disrespectful: Under the veil of anonymity, many people in chat rooms and discussion boards easily become offensive.
Omnipresent
Widely or constantly encountered; common or widespread; Present everywhere- Ubiquitous: It is much easier for younger people to master new technology because they were born in an environment where it was omnipresent.
Obvious
Easily perceived or understood; clear, self-evident, or apparent; Explicit: The relevance of new technology is not quite obvious if you have lived happily without a PC or mobile phone for forty years.
Sophisticated
(of a machine, system, or technique) developed to a high degree of complexity; Advanced- Highly developed: The most sophisticated hospitals are private and cater mainly for wealthy patients.
Cutting-edge
At the latest or most advanced stage of development; innovative or pioneering.
The use of cutting-edge technology in elite (a select group that is superior in terms of ability or qualities to the rest of a group or society) private schools gives children of wealthy parents a big advantage over poorer children.
Profitable
Of a business or activity) yielding profit or financial gain; Beneficial- useful- Moneymaking- Fruitful: Highly profitable hi-tech companies relocate to developing countries where labor costs are lower.
Affordable
Inexpensive; reasonably priced: Advances in aviation technology have made travelling by air much more affordable.
Inexhaustible
(of an amount or supply of something) unable to be used up because existing in abundance; Permanent- Limitless- Infinite: It is inexhaustible source of knowledge and information.
Selfish
(of a person, action, or motive) lacking consideration for others; concerned chiefly with one’s own personal profit or pleasure: It is selfish to risk one’s life for pleasure.
Top-notch
Of the highest quality; excellent: Top athletes are like ambassador for their country and as such deserve top-notch training facilities.
Declining
Becoming smaller, fewer, or less; decreasing: The declining number of people engaging in sport is in great part to be blames on the lack of sports facilities.
Stiff
Rusty
Not easily bent or changed in shape; rigid.
(of a metal object) affected by rust: Watching sport on TV easily becomes an addiction that makes our body stiff and rusty.
Compulsive
Resulting from or relating to an irresistible urge, especially one that is against one’s conscious wishes.
TV viewing is a passive activity often accompanied by compulsive consumption of junk food.
Convenient
fitting in well with a person’s needs, activities, and plans; Comfortable- User-oriented: Television is a convenient and affordable way for armchair sports enthusiasts to keep their passion alive.
Harmful
causing or likely to cause harm; Damaging- Detrimental: The word compulsive describes people or their behavior when they cannot stop doing something wrong or harmful.
Obese
Grossly fat or overweight; Chubby- fat: Considering the growing number of overweight and obese children, parents have a duty to ensure that their kids get plenty of exercise.
Overall
Taking everything into account; Whole- Entire: Sport and exercise play in key role in the overall development of children.
Disastrous
Causing great damage; Catastrophic- Devastating: They refused to face up to their responsibilities, with disastrous consequences.
Primitive
Relating to, denoting, or preserving the character of an early stage in the evolutionary or historical development of something; Early- primary: When computer technology fails us, we have to make do with more primitive methods. They’re called ‘pen and paper’.
Bankrupt
(of a person or organization) declared in law unable to pay outstanding debts; In debt- Owing money: Minor economies, such as cutting back on staff costs, can often prevent a company sliding into bankruptcy.
Desperate
Feeling, showing, or involving a hopeless sense that a situation is so bad as to be impossible to deal with; Despairing- Hopeless: He turned down the job that was offered to him, even though he was desperate for the money.
Stressful
Causing mental or emotional stress; Demanding- Pressured- Frustrating: Most people will put up with a stressful job if the money is good enough.
Countless
Too many to be counted; very many; Numerous- Innumerable: Space exploration creates countless jobs.
Various
Different from one another; of different kinds or sorts.
more than one; several; Diverse- Different- Differing- Varied- Varying- A variety of: Space missions put astronauts’ lives in danger and expose them to various health hazards.
Habitable
suitable or good enough to live in; Inhabitable- Fit to live in- Fit to occupy- Usable- Livable-in- Residential: As we now have the potential to wipe ourselves off the face of the earth, we need to find other habitable planets.
Nascent
A nascent industry, democracy, science is just coming into existence. (especially of a process or organization) just coming into existence and beginning to display signs of future potential; Aborning: The nascent space tourism industry is already creating countless employment opportunities.
Inevitable
If something is inevitable, it is certain to happen. Certain to happen; Unavoidable- Inescapable- Bound to happen- Sure to happen- Unpreventable: The negative impact of global mass tourism renders the search for new destinations inevitable.
Untrodden
(of a surface) not having been walked on.
There are still so many untrodden paths and hidden gems on our planet that escaping to the cosmos is unnecessary.
Hidden
Kept out of sight; Concealed- Invisible: There are still so many untrodden paths and hidden gems on our planet that escaping to the cosmos is unnecessary.
Aware
Having knowledge or perception of a situation or fact; Informed- Familiar with: Some people are not aware of the effects littering can have.
Harsh
unpleasantly rough or jarring to the senses. Cruel- Severe- Hideous: There should be harsher punishment for people who litter and more street cameras to catch them in the act.
Accessible
(of a place) able to be reached or entered. (of a person, typically one in a position of authority or importance) friendly and easy to talk to; approachable; Reachable- Attainable- Approachable- Within reach- Available- Obtainable: Recycling should be encouraged and made more accessible.
Abusive
Extremely offensive and insulting; Insulting- Rude- Offensive- Disparaging- Disrespectful: Abusive home environments force some children to run away.
Domestic
Relating to the running of a home or to family relations. Existing or occurring inside a particular country; not foreign or international: Domestic violence or mental health problems can drive people onto the streets.
Proper
Of the required type; Suitable- Appropriate- Convenient- Adequate- Fit: People with drug problems should be given proper treatment.
Supportive
Providing encouragement or emotional help; Caring:
The government should provide permanent supportive housing for children and adults escaping abuse.
Permanent
Lasting or intended to last or remain unchanged indefinitely; Everlasting: The government should provide permanent supportive housing for children and adults escaping abuse.
Unique
Being the only one of its kind; unlike anything else; Distinctive- Individual- Special- Especial: Unique perspectives of the world around us and our place in it are part of many traditional lifestyles.
Elderly
(of a person) old or aging; Aged- Mature- Older- Senior- Ancient: The elderly are no longer a source of wisdom for young people today who do not value their traditions.
Local
Belonging or relating to a particular area or neighborhood, typically exclusively so; Regional: The government should provide financial support to keep local, rural communities alive.
Alive
(of a person, animal, or plant) living, not dead; Vivid- Lively: The government should provide financial support to keep local, rural communities alive.
Bright
Giving out or reflecting a lot of light; Shining-Brilliant- Vivid: Children will have brighter future prospects in a city.
Tolerant
Showing willingness to allow the existence of opinions or behavior that one does not necessarily agree with; Patient- Forbearing: People will learn to be more tolerant of other people’s beliefs.
Equal
Being the same in quantity, size, degree, or value; Identical- Uniform- Alike- Like- The same- One and the same: Children will learn that all people and beliefs are equal.
Homogeneous
Of the same kind; Alike- Similar- Equivalent- Resembling: The world will become more peaceful and homogeneous.
Peaceful
Free from disturbance; Tranquil- Calm- Restful- Pleasant- Quiet- Still- Relaxing: The world will become more peaceful and homogeneous.
Interesting
Arousing curiosity or interest; holding or catching the attention; Absorbing- Fascinating: Diversity means that society is rich and interesting.
Rich
Having a great deal of money or assets; Wealthy: Diversity means that society is rich and interesting.
Integrated
(of an institution, body, etc.) desegregated, especially racially; United, Unified, Allied: Society will become more integrated.
Preferential
Of or involving preference or partiality; constituting a favor or privilege; Advantageous- Distinguished: Some cultural groups may feel that others are given preferential treatment.
Non-existent
Not existing or not real or present: Crime rates are low or non-existent. In an ideal world hatred, violence and poverty would be non-existent.
Stable
(of an object or structure) not likely to give way or overturn; Firmly fixed- Permanent- Firm- Constant- Resistant- Steady: Teach children to obey laws to form a stable society and strong future generations.
Strong
Having the power to move heavy weights or perform other physically demanding tasks. Able to withstand great force or pressure. Very intense- Powerful- Well built: Teach children to obey laws to form a stable society and strong future generations.
Strict
Demanding that rules concerning behavior are obeyed and observed; Hard- Difficult- Tough- Rigid- Solid- Inflexible: Banning guns or having stricter gun laws will not stop crime.
Peaceful
Free from disturbance; Tranquil- Calm- Restful- Pleasant- Quiet- Still- Relaxing:
A peaceful society will never be achieved as long as it is easy for people to buy deadly weapons.
Deadly
Causing or able to cause death; Fatal- Murderous- Destructive: A peaceful society will never be achieved as long as it is easy for people to buy deadly weapons.
Harmless
Not able or likely to cause harm; Innocent- Inoffensive- Safe- gentle: Many people own guns for sports or hunting which are harmless activities.
outdated
out of date; Obsolete- Old-fashioned- Disused: The freedom of gun ownership is outdated from a time when the common person was more at risk.
Naughty
(especially of children) disobedient; badly behaved. mildly rude or indecent, typically because related to sex; Indecent- Rude: If teachers do not discipline a naughty child, other children will suffer from the disruption.
Disobedient
Refusing to obey rules or someone in authority. disorderly and disruptive and not amenable to discipline or control; Unruly: Larry was stern with disobedient employees
Unruly
Refusing to obey rules or someone in authority. disorderly and disruptive and not amenable to discipline or control; Unmanageable: Kate tried to control her unruly emotions
Disruptive
Causing or tending to cause disruption; Troublemaking- Undisciplined: The hours of work are disruptive to home life
Prestigious
inspiring respect and admiration; having high status; Reputable- Distinguished- Respected- Eminent: Having many children was sometimes considered to be prestigious.
Exotic
originating in or characteristic of a distant foreign country; Odd- Peculiar: Many of them go travelling, and spend a year or longer visiting interesting and exotic places.
Sound
In good condition; not damaged, injured, or diseased; Healthy- In good condition- Toned- Fit- wholesome: Many consider a sound career and a good salary to be one of life’s most important goals.
Abnormal
Deviating from what is normal or usual, typically in a way that is undesirable or worrying; Unusual- Uncommon- Untypical- Nontypical: Some societies view childless couples as abnormal.
Divorce
For
Each parent can devote quality time to their children rather than quantity.
A happy parent is a good parent.
Divorce
For
Against
The process of divorce can be stressful for children.
Children are unsure of who they might live with afterwards.
Children may miss the other parent after the divorce.
Argue
Verb
Give reasons or cite evidence in support of an idea, action, or theory, typically with the aim of persuading others to share one’s view; Dispute: It is better for parents to separate than argue all the time.
Distress
Noun
Extreme anxiety, sorrow, or pain; Depression: An unhappy marriage can cause a child to suffer distress and witness unpleasant scenes.
Stigmatize
To be stigmatized
Verb
Describe or regard as worthy of disgrace or great disapproval; Condemn- Denounce- Brand- Label- Mark out: Divorce is no longer stigmatized in society.
To witness scenes
An unhappy marriage can cause a child to suffer distress and witness unpleasant scenes.
To feel insecure
Children feel insecure as their family falls apart.
To result in hostility
Noun
Hostile behavior; unfriendliness or opposition: Some divorce settlement result in hostility between parents.
To be caught between two people
Children may feel caught between both parents.
Insecure
Not firmly fixed; liable to give way or break; Unconfident- Unsure: Children feel insecure as their family falls apart.
Preferable
More desirable or suitable: Single parent families are preferable to a dysfunctional marriage.
Dysfunctional
Not operating normally or properly: Single parent families are preferable to a dysfunctional marriage.
Unpleasant
Causing discomfort, unhappiness, or revulsion; disagreeable; Troublesome- Annoying- Irritating: Unpleasant information might be unearthed.
Persistent
Continuing firmly or obstinately in a course of action in spite of difficulty or opposition; Continuous- Ongoing- Continuing- Steady: A persistent cough prompted him to seek professional medical help.
