Transport

Question 1

Congestion in cities; number of people owning a vehicle

Answer 1

There has been an increase in the number of people owning a vehicle.

Question 2

Congestion in cities; in favor of private transport

Answer 2

Fewer people are choosing to travel using public transport in favor of private transport.

Question 3

Congestion in cities; inadequate infrastructure

Answer 3

The infrastructure of many major cities is inadequate to deal with the high volume of traffic.

Question 4

Congestion

Answer 4

Noun
The state of being congested; Density, Compression- Crowding- Overcrowding: Frequent roadworks result in roads being closed and congestion building in other areas of the city.

Question 5

Congestion in cities; mass rush-hour traffic

Answer 5

The same opening and closing times of business, services and shops cause mass rush-hour traffic.

Question 6

Congestion in cities; to cycle

Answer 6

There are few or no incentives for people to cycle.

Question 7

Congestion in cities; Solutions

Answer 7

Build overpass and underpass to deal with roads that were never built to handle a large volume of traffic.

Question 8

Congestion in cities; offering cheap bike rental

Answer 8

Encourage people to ride bicycle by offering cheap bike rentals throughout the city center.

Question 9

Efficiency

Answer 9

Noun
The state or quality of being efficient; Performance, Proficiency- Yield: Improve the efficiency, reliability and comfort of public transport.

Question 10

Congestion in cities; Rise the tax

Answer 10

Rise the tax on privately owned vehicles to limit ownership.

Question 11

Congestion in cities; Schedule roadwork

Answer 11

Schedule roadworks for night time only when traffic flow is at a minimum.

Question 12

Stagger

Answer 12

Verb
Arrange (events, payments, hours, etc.) so that they do not occur at the same time; spread over a period of time: Stagger opening and closing times to control traffic flow at peak time.

Question 13

Deter

Answer 13

Verb
Put somebody off doing something. Discourage (someone) from doing something by instilling doubt or fear of the consequences; Put off- Discourage- Dissuade- Prevent: As cheap tickets and budget holidays abroad are the main reason people fly, increasing tax will increase airfares, which will deter people from choosing to travel by plane.

Question 14

Good

Answer 14

Merchandise or possessions- Commodity: By raising the price of flights, the price of goods will also increase, which will be detrimental to consumer.

Question 15

Is increasing tax on flights the best way to reduce air travel?

Answer 15

As many countries rely on the money brought in by tourists who fly in from abroad, increasing the price of tickets will result in fewer visitors and possible economic problems.

Question 16

Make other forms of transport, such as overnight trains or sleeper buses, more efficient and comfortable for passengers and lower the price of using other forms of transport

Answer 16

Higher airfares will only affect lower-income families.

Higher taxes will discourage airlines from investing in cabin amenities.

Question 17

Encourage people to holiday within their own country rather than abroad.

Answer 17

Reduce business travel by promoting video and web conferencing. In crease investment in the rail infrastructure.

Question 18

To increase/raise/put up a tax

Answer 18

To put/introduce/levy/impose a tax

Question 19

To decrease/cut/lower/reduce/slash taxes

Answer 19

Cut (something) with a violent sweeping movement, typically using a knife or sword.

Question 20

To evade/dodge taxes

Answer 20

Avoid (someone or something) by a sudden quick movement.

Question 21

Flag up

Answer 21

Verb
(of an official in football, soccer, and other sports) raise or throw a flag to indicate a breach of the rules: Some people have developed health problems affecting their driving that would be flagged up more quickly with regular testing.
If you flag something up, you mention it so that other people know about it.

Question 22

It helps people keep up to date with the development of technologies, speeds and facilities in cars.

Answer 22

People will be retested on essential road rules which are easily forgotten after years of driving.

Question 23

Approach

Answer 23

Verb
Come near or nearer to (someone or something) in distance or time; Proceed toward- Come/go toward- Advance toward: As road systems develop and modernize, people will be able to learn the correct way to approach them.

Question 24

Strain

Answer 24

Noun
A severe or excessive demand on the strength, resources, or abilities of someone or something; Pressure- Demand- Burden: It would be a financial strain on many people to retake their test so often. There would be a strain on the government to provide more driving test facilities and more staff.
A strain on something is pressure caused by a difficult situation.

Question 25

At stake

Answer 25

For the people who cannot afford to retake their test but rely on their car for work, their whole livelihood could be at stake.
If something valuable is at stake, it risks being lost or damaged.

Question 26

Livelihood

Answer 26

Noun
a means of securing the necessities of life; Income- Source of income- Means of support: For the people who cannot afford to retake their test but rely on their car for work, their whole livelihood could be at stake.

Question 27

Compromise

Answer 27

Verb
Bring into disrepute or danger by indiscreet, foolish, or reckless behavior. Settle a dispute by mutual concession. Accept standards that are lower than is desirable: It is unlikely that a person’s driving ability would be compromised over just five years.
If you compromise something important, you risk losing it or harming it.

Question 28

Assess

Answer 28

Verb
Evaluate or estimate the nature, ability, or quality of; Evaluate- Judge- Gauge- Rate- Estimate- Appraise: A better alternative might be to get people to undergo a full medical examination to assess their fitness to drive.

Question 29

Public transport

Answer 29

Many people cannot afford their own private transport, which makes public transport essential.
Without public transport, many people would have problems travelling long distances to work.
Public transport allows many people to travel in just one vehicle, which helps reduce traffic congestion in city centers.

Question 30

Consumption

Answer 30

Noun
The using up of a resource; Use- Expending- Expenditure- Utilization: There are environmental benefits of many people using one vehicle in the form of a reduction in the consumption of fossil fuel.

Question 31

People can use their commuting time on public transport to make friends and socialize.

Answer 31

There are significantly fewer traffic accidents involving public transport compared to private transport.

Question 32

Catered for

Answer 32

Public transport does not offer flexible routes, which means many destinations are not catered for.

Question 33

Buses must take a lone route to a destination to pick up passengers, which can make the journey too time-consuming for many people.

Answer 33

Overcrowding on public transport can make using it unpleasant for many or almost impossible for disabled people.

Question 34

Desert

Answer 34

Verb
abandon (a person, cause, or organization) in a way considered disloyal or treacherous; Give up- Quit- Discard- Forsake- Leave- Cast off: Commuters are beginning to desert the public transport system because they find it expensive, overcrowded and unreliable.

Question 35

Aggression

Answer 35

Noun
hostile or violent behavior or attitudes toward another; readiness to attack or confront; Hostility- Aggressiveness- Belligerence: Unfortunately, verbal aggression and even theft are rife on our trains and buses.

Question 36

Reliability

Answer 36

Noun
The quality of being trustworthy or of performing consistently well; Dependability- Trustiness- Validity: As citizens come to rely more on public transport, the reliability of the bus and tram services becomes essential.

Question 37

Demand

Answer 37

Noun
An insistent and peremptory request, made as if by right; Request- Call- Command- Order: Some cities have both fixed-route bus services during peak hours and flexible-route services during low demand periods.

Question 38

Detour

Answer 38

Noun
A long or roundabout route that is taken to avoid something or to visit somewhere along the way;
Deviation- Deflection: It allows people more freedom to travel as they can choose the route themselves and take detours (to go by a route which is not the shortest way, for example because you want to avoid a traffic jam) when they want.

Question 39

Correlation

Answer 39

Noun
a mutual relationship or connection between two or more things; Connection- Association- Link- Tie-in- Tie-up- Relation: There is positive correlation between increasing car ownership and economic growth: greater demand for cars can result in more car manufacturing, more jobs and more tax revenue (money that the government receives from people).

Question 40

Contributor

Answer 40

Noun
A person or thing that contributes something: The number of cars on the road has a direct impact on air quality because exhaust fumes are a major contributor to air pollution.

Question 41

Depletion

Answer 41

Noun
Reduction in the number or quantity of something (supplies, forests, ozone layer); Evacuation- Discharge- Consumption- using up: As number of cars rises, the demand for more fossil fuels (things like coal, gas, oil formed underground from plant and animal remains) increases, which causes more pollution as well as a depletion of the world’s resources.

Question 42

Ownership

Answer 42

Noun
he act, state, or right of possessing something; Possession: As car ownership increases, so too does the gap between rich and poor.

Question 43

Scheme

Answer 43

Noun
Plan: Some people buy cars they cannot afford on credit schemes to keep up with the joneses, which can lead to more personal debt.

Question 44

Incur

Answer 44

Verb
Become subject to (something unwelcome or unpleasant) as a result of one’s own behavior or actions: Cars also mean that people will incur extra expenses such as fuel costs, insurance and repairs.

Question 45

To keep up with the joneses

Answer 45

Phrase
To want to buy the same expensive things as your neighbors or friends because you are worried about appearing socially inferior to them.

Question 46

Owning a car means you no longer have to travel with other people, which means avoiding the spread of illness, the discomfort of overcrowding and the possibility of pickpocketing.

Answer 46

Having a car means that you can travel easily with lots of luggage rather than carrying it all when using public transport.

Question 47

Cope with

Answer 47

Verb
(of a person) deal effectively with something difficult; tackle- Manage- Survive: Many roads and streets in city centers were not built to cope with such a high volume of traffic resulting in serious congestion problems.

Question 48

Occur

Answer 48

Verb

Happen; Take place- Come about: More traffic accidents occur due to the increase in traffic.

Question 49

Railway train/station/timetable/travel/network/infrastructure

Answer 49

High-speed/state/electric/private/regional Railway

Question 50

Rail infrastructure/service/network/transport/travel/passenger

Answer 50

Train delays/journey/travelers/timetable/fare/line

Question 51

Road congestion/network/infrastructure/closure/access/development

Answer 51

It is healthier to travel short distances on foot or by bike. cars do not contribute towards better health.