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MICROBIOLOGY!225-80 > Vocab Chap 5 > Flashcards

Vocab Chap 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

Activation energy

A

Minimum collision energy needed for a reaction to occur

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2
Q

Alcohol fermentation is anabolic or catabolic?

A

Catabolic= alcohol fermentation

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3
Q

Alcohol fermentation begins with

A

Glycolysis

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4
Q

What does alcohol fermentation do?

A

Produces ethyl alcohol to reoxidize NADH

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5
Q

Allosteric inhibition

A

For non competitive inhibitors; something binds to the allosteric side and changes enzyme activity.

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6
Q

Allosteric site

A

Place where non-competitive inhibitor binds; not the active site

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7
Q

Amination

A

Adding an amino group

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8
Q

Amphibolic pathway

A

Is anabolic and catabolic

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9
Q

Refers to all synthesis reactions in a living organism

A

Anabolism

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10
Q

Building complex organic molecules from simple ones

A

Anabolism

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11
Q

Anoxygenic

A

Does not make molecular oxygen,

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12
Q

Cyclic photphosphorylation is typically anoxygenic meaning

A

Light is used to convert CO2 to organic compounds without making O2

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13
Q

Cyclic photphosphorylation is typically anoxygenic meaning

A

Light is used to convert CO2 to organic compounds without making O2

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14
Q

Apoenzyme

A

Protein portion of an enzyme which needs to be activated by a coenzyme

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15
Q

Catabolism

A

All decomposition reactions in a living organism; the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones

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16
Q

Catalyst

A

A substance that increases the rate of a reaction but isn’t changed permanently

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17
Q

Chemiosmosis

A

Uses proton gradient across a cytoplasmic membrane to make ATP

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18
Q

Chemiosmosis

A

Uses proton gradient across a cytoplasmic membrane to make ATP

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19
Q

Chemoheterotroph

A

Organism that uses organic molecules as source of carbon and energy

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20
Q

Chemotroph

A

Organism that uses Redox reactions as it’s main energy source

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21
Q

Coenzyme

A

Nonprotein substance that activates an enzyme

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22
Q

coenzyme A

A

Coenzyme that functions in decarboxylation

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23
Q

Cofactor

A

Non protein component of an enzyme that might enhance or cause disease.

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24
Q

Collision theory

A

Chemical reactions happen because energy is gained as particles collide

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25
Q

Cyclic photphosphorylation

A

Electron moves from chlorophyll through electron acceptors and back to chlorophyll

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26
Q

Cyclic photphosphorylation is oxygenic or anoxygenic?

A

Anoxygenic

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27
Q

Purple and green bacterial phosphorylation

A

Cyclic photphosphorylation

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28
Q

Cytochrome

A

Protein that functions as electron carrier in cellular respiration and photosynthesis

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29
Q

Catalyst

A

Substance that increases the rate of reaction but is not altered itself

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30
Q

Dehydrogenation

A

Loss of hydrogen atoms from a substrate

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31
Q

Denaturation

A

Change in molecular structure of a protein, making it non-functional

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32
Q

Desulfurization

A

Removal of sulfur from an organic compound

33
Q

Electron transport chain

A

Compounds that transfer electrons from one to another, making ATP by oxidative phosphorylation

34
Q

Entner-Doudoroff pathway

A

Alternative pathway for the oxidation of glucose to pyruvic acid

35
Q

Temporary Union of an enzyme and it’s substrate

A

Enzyme-substrate complex

36
Q

Feedback inhibition

A

Inhibition of an enzyme in a particular pathway by the accumulation of the end product of the pathway

37
Q

Also called end product inhibition

A

Feedback inhibition

38
Q

Fermentation test

A

Used to determine whether a bacterium or yeast ferments a carbohydrate.

39
Q

Usual components of a fermentation test

A

Peptone broth with:
1. Carbohydrate
2. pH indicator
3. Inverted tube to trap gas

40
Q

Flavoprotein

A

Protein containing the coenzyme flavin

41
Q

Flavoprotein functions as an electron carrier in the

A

electron transport chain

42
Q

FMN

A

Coenzyme that functions in the transfer of electrons in the electron transport chain

43
Q

FMN stands for

A

Flavin mononucleotide

44
Q

Glycolysis

A

Main pathway for the oxidation of glucose to pyruvic acid

45
Q

Also called Embden-Myerhof pathway

A

Glycolysis

46
Q

Heterotroph

A

Requires an organic carbon source; also called organotroph

47
Q

Holoenzyme

A

Enzyme made of apoenzyme+ cofactor

48
Q

Lactic acid fermentation anabolic or catabolic?

A

Catabolic

49
Q

Lactic acid fermentation begins with

A

Glycolysis

50
Q

Lactic acid fermentation produces

A

Lactic acid to reoxidize NADH

51
Q

Metabolic pathway

A

Sequence of enzymatically catalyzed reactions occuring in a cell

52
Q

Oxidation

A

Removal of electrons from a molecule

53
Q

Oxidative phosphorylation

A

Synthesis of ATP coupled with electron transport

54
Q

Oxygenic

A

Makes oxygen; cyanobacteria and plant photosynthesis

55
Q

Also called organotroph

A

Heterotroph

56
Q

Requires an organic carbon source

A

Heterotroph

57
Q

Parasite

A

Derives nutrients from a living host

58
Q

Which pathway occurs simultaneously with glycolysis?

A

Pentose phosphate pathway

59
Q

Function of pentose phosphate pathway

A

Makes pentoses and NADH without ATP production

60
Q

Also called hexose monophosphate shunt

A

Pentose phosphate pathway

61
Q

Phosphorylation

A

Addition of a phosphate group to an organic molecule

62
Q

Photoheterotroph

A

Uses light as its energy source and an organic carbon source

63
Q

Photophosphorylation

A

Production of ATP in a series of Redox reactions

64
Q

How does photophosphorylation start?

A

Electrons from chlorophyll initiate the reactions

65
Q

Phototroph

A

An organism that uses light as its primary energy source

66
Q

Reduction

A

Addition of electrons to a molecule

67
Q

Respiration

A

A series of Redox reactions that generates ATP; final electron acceptor is usually an inorganic molecule

68
Q

Ribozyme

A

Enzyme consisting of RNA that specifically acts on strands of RNA to remove introns and splice together remaining exons

69
Q

Saprophyte

A

Organism that gets it’s nutrients from dead organic matter

70
Q

Saprophyte

A

Organism gets it’s nutrients from dead organic matter

71
Q

Saturation

A

Active site on an enzyme is occupied by substrate or product at all times

72
Q

Fatty acid with no double bonds

A

Saturated fatty acid

73
Q

Substrate

A

Any compound with which an enzyme reacts

74
Q

Substrate level phosphorylation

A

Making ATP by direct transfer of a high-energy phosphate group from an intermediate metabolic compound to ADP

75
Q

Transamination

A

Transfer of an amino group from an amino acid to another organic acid

76
Q

Turnover number

A

Num. of substrate molecules acted on per enzyme molecule per second

77
Q

Ubiquinone

A

Non-protein carrier in an electron transport chain; also called coenzyme Q

78
Q

A low-molecular mass

A

Ubiquinone

MICROBIOLOGY!225-80 (24 decks)

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