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Anatomy > Vocab > Flashcards

Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Human anatomy & physiology

A

The study of the structures and functions of the human body.

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2
Q

Anatomical position

A

The position the body is to be in for scientific study; standing erect or lying flat arms to the side with palms facing forward.

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3
Q

Homeostasis

A

Having a stable/normal internal environment

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4
Q

Effector

A

An organ or structure that cause responses that alter conditions in the internal environment.

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5
Q

Metabolism

A

The sum of all chemical reactions that take place in the body at a given time.

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6
Q

Vascular

A

Having blood vessels within the tissue.

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7
Q

Avascular

A

Not having blood vessels within the tissue.

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8
Q

Aerobic reactions

A

Reactions that take place using oxygen

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9
Q

Anaerobic reaction

A

Reactions that take place without using oxygen.

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10
Q

-ase

A

Suffix that refers to an enzyme

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11
Q

-ose

A

Suffix that refers to a sugar

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12
Q

-itis

A

Suffix that refers to inflammation

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13
Q

-cyte

A

Suffix that refers to cell

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14
Q

Chondrocyte

A

Cartilage cell

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15
Q

Osteocyte

A

Bone cell

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16
Q

Adipocyte

A

Fat cell

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17
Q

Erythrocyte

A

Red blood cell

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18
Q

Leukocyte

A

White blood cell

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19
Q

Thrombocyte

A

Platelet

20
Q

Organelles

A

Small structures inside a cell that carry out specific functions to keep the cell in homeostasis.

21
Q

Cell

A

The most basic unit of structure and function of all organisms.

22
Q

Tissue

A

A group of cells similar in structure and function.

23
Q

Organ

A

Structures within the body consisting of a group of tissues with a specialized function.

24
Q

Sudoriferous gland

A

Scientific name for sweat gland.

25
Q

Sebaceous gland

A

Scientific name for oil gland

26
Q

Articulation(joint)

A

Anywhere 2 or more bones come together usually allowing for movement. (Examples: Elbow

27
Q

Hematopoiesis

A

The production of blood cells from dividing stem cells in red bone marrow.

28
Q

Endocrine gland

A

A type of gland that secretes its substance directly into the blood stream.

29
Q

Exocrine gland

A

A type of gland that secretes its substances through a duct to the surface of a structure or body.

30
Q

Organic Molecules

A

Molecules that contain carbon and hydrogen and examples include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

31
Q

Glycogen

A

Energy molecules composed of many individual glucose molecules bonded together (polysaccharides) stored in your muscles and the liver in the body

32
Q

differentiation

A

when a cell becomes specialized in its structure and function

33
Q

apoptosis

A

programmed cell death

34
Q

cell cycle

A

the series of changes that a cell undergoes, from the time it forms until it divides. This is the life cycle or stages in the life of a cell

35
Q

mitosis

A

the separation of chromosomes in the nucleus of a somatic cell to create 2 new identical diploid nuclei

36
Q

meiosos

A

the separation of chromosomes in the nucleus in the nucleus of a germ cell to create 4 new non-identical haploid nuclei

37
Q

diploid cell

A

2n
a cell that contains 2 sets of genes (somatic cells)

38
Q

haploid cell

A

1n
a cell that contains 1 set of genes
(gametes)

39
Q

gamete

A

scientific term for sex cells

40
Q

somatic cell

A

scientific term for body cell

41
Q

enzyme

A

protein molecule in the body that changes the rate of a chemical reaction

42
Q

biopsy

A

removal of tissue for examination

43
Q

sprain

A

the overstretching or tearing of a muscle or tendon

44
Q

muscle atrophy

A

the decrease in the size of muscle fibers due to non-use or disease

45
Q

muscle hypertrophy

A

the increase in the size of of muscle fibers due to strenuous exercise or possible disorder

46
Q

passive transport systems

A

transportation systems that do not use the cell’s energy to move substances through the plasma membrane of a cell

47
Q

active transport systems

A

transport systems that do use the cell’s energy to move substances through the plasma membrane of a cell

Anatomy (13 decks)

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