Vocab Flashcards
Human anatomy & physiology
The study of the structures and functions of the human body.
Anatomical position
The position the body is to be in for scientific study; standing erect or lying flat arms to the side with palms facing forward.
Homeostasis
Having a stable/normal internal environment
Effector
An organ or structure that cause responses that alter conditions in the internal environment.
Metabolism
The sum of all chemical reactions that take place in the body at a given time.
Vascular
Having blood vessels within the tissue.
Avascular
Not having blood vessels within the tissue.
Aerobic reactions
Reactions that take place using oxygen
Anaerobic reaction
Reactions that take place without using oxygen.
-ase
Suffix that refers to an enzyme
-ose
Suffix that refers to a sugar
-itis
Suffix that refers to inflammation
-cyte
Suffix that refers to cell
Chondrocyte
Cartilage cell
Osteocyte
Bone cell
Adipocyte
Fat cell
Erythrocyte
Red blood cell
Leukocyte
White blood cell
Thrombocyte
Platelet
Organelles
Small structures inside a cell that carry out specific functions to keep the cell in homeostasis.
Cell
The most basic unit of structure and function of all organisms.
Tissue
A group of cells similar in structure and function.
Organ
Structures within the body consisting of a group of tissues with a specialized function.
Sudoriferous gland
Scientific name for sweat gland.
Sebaceous gland
Scientific name for oil gland
Articulation(joint)
Anywhere 2 or more bones come together usually allowing for movement. (Examples: Elbow
Hematopoiesis
The production of blood cells from dividing stem cells in red bone marrow.
Endocrine gland
A type of gland that secretes its substance directly into the blood stream.
Exocrine gland
A type of gland that secretes its substances through a duct to the surface of a structure or body.
Organic Molecules
Molecules that contain carbon and hydrogen and examples include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
Glycogen
Energy molecules composed of many individual glucose molecules bonded together (polysaccharides) stored in your muscles and the liver in the body
differentiation
when a cell becomes specialized in its structure and function
apoptosis
programmed cell death
cell cycle
the series of changes that a cell undergoes, from the time it forms until it divides. This is the life cycle or stages in the life of a cell
mitosis
the separation of chromosomes in the nucleus of a somatic cell to create 2 new identical diploid nuclei
meiosos
the separation of chromosomes in the nucleus in the nucleus of a germ cell to create 4 new non-identical haploid nuclei
diploid cell
2n
a cell that contains 2 sets of genes (somatic cells)
haploid cell
1n
a cell that contains 1 set of genes
(gametes)
gamete
scientific term for sex cells
somatic cell
scientific term for body cell
enzyme
protein molecule in the body that changes the rate of a chemical reaction
biopsy
removal of tissue for examination
sprain
the overstretching or tearing of a muscle or tendon
muscle atrophy
the decrease in the size of muscle fibers due to non-use or disease
muscle hypertrophy
the increase in the size of of muscle fibers due to strenuous exercise or possible disorder
passive transport systems
transportation systems that do not use the cell’s energy to move substances through the plasma membrane of a cell
active transport systems
transport systems that do use the cell’s energy to move substances through the plasma membrane of a cell
