Vocab

Question 1

Human anatomy & physiology

Answer 1

The study of the structures and functions of the human body.

Question 2

Anatomical position

Answer 2

The position the body is to be in for scientific study; standing erect or lying flat arms to the side with palms facing forward.

Question 3

Homeostasis

Answer 3

Having a stable/normal internal environment

Question 4

Effector

Answer 4

An organ or structure that cause responses that alter conditions in the internal environment.

Question 5

Metabolism

Answer 5

The sum of all chemical reactions that take place in the body at a given time.

Question 6

Vascular

Answer 6

Having blood vessels within the tissue.

Question 7

Avascular

Answer 7

Not having blood vessels within the tissue.

Question 8

Aerobic reactions

Answer 8

Reactions that take place using oxygen

Question 9

Anaerobic reaction

Answer 9

Reactions that take place without using oxygen.

Question 10

-ase

Answer 10

Suffix that refers to an enzyme

Question 11

-ose

Answer 11

Suffix that refers to a sugar

Question 12

-itis

Answer 12

Suffix that refers to inflammation

Question 13

-cyte

Answer 13

Suffix that refers to cell

Question 14

Chondrocyte

Answer 14

Cartilage cell

Question 15

Osteocyte

Answer 15

Bone cell

Question 16

Adipocyte

Answer 16

Fat cell

Question 17

Erythrocyte

Answer 17

Red blood cell

Question 18

Leukocyte

Answer 18

White blood cell

Question 19

Thrombocyte

Answer 19

Platelet

Question 20

Organelles

Answer 20

Small structures inside a cell that carry out specific functions to keep the cell in homeostasis.

Question 21

Cell

Answer 21

The most basic unit of structure and function of all organisms.

Question 22

Tissue

Answer 22

A group of cells similar in structure and function.

Question 23

Organ

Answer 23

Structures within the body consisting of a group of tissues with a specialized function.

Question 24

Sudoriferous gland

Answer 24

Scientific name for sweat gland.

Question 25

Sebaceous gland

Answer 25

Scientific name for oil gland

Question 26

Articulation(joint)

Answer 26

Anywhere 2 or more bones come together usually allowing for movement. (Examples: Elbow

Question 27

Hematopoiesis

Answer 27

The production of blood cells from dividing stem cells in red bone marrow.

Question 28

Endocrine gland

Answer 28

A type of gland that secretes its substance directly into the blood stream.

Question 29

Exocrine gland

Answer 29

A type of gland that secretes its substances through a duct to the surface of a structure or body.

Question 30

Organic Molecules

Answer 30

Molecules that contain carbon and hydrogen and examples include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

Question 31

Glycogen

Answer 31

Energy molecules composed of many individual glucose molecules bonded together (polysaccharides) stored in your muscles and the liver in the body

Question 32

differentiation

Answer 32

when a cell becomes specialized in its structure and function

Question 33

apoptosis

Answer 33

programmed cell death

Question 34

cell cycle

Answer 34

the series of changes that a cell undergoes, from the time it forms until it divides. This is the life cycle or stages in the life of a cell

Question 35

mitosis

Answer 35

the separation of chromosomes in the nucleus of a somatic cell to create 2 new identical diploid nuclei

Question 36

meiosos

Answer 36

the separation of chromosomes in the nucleus in the nucleus of a germ cell to create 4 new non-identical haploid nuclei

Question 37

diploid cell

Answer 37

2n a cell that contains 2 sets of genes (somatic cells)

Question 38

haploid cell

Answer 38

1n a cell that contains 1 set of genes (gametes)

Question 39

gamete

Answer 39

scientific term for sex cells

Question 40

somatic cell

Answer 40

scientific term for body cell

Question 41

enzyme

Answer 41

protein molecule in the body that changes the rate of a chemical reaction

Question 42

biopsy

Answer 42

removal of tissue for examination

Question 43

sprain

Answer 43

the overstretching or tearing of a muscle or tendon

Question 44

muscle atrophy

Answer 44

the decrease in the size of muscle fibers due to non-use or disease

Question 45

muscle hypertrophy

Answer 45

the increase in the size of of muscle fibers due to strenuous exercise or possible disorder

Question 46

passive transport systems

Answer 46

transportation systems that do not use the cell's energy to move substances through the plasma membrane of a cell

Question 47

active transport systems

Answer 47

transport systems that do use the cell's energy to move substances through the plasma membrane of a cell