Chapter 7 Test

Question 1

what are the long bones

Answer 1

femur
humerus
radius
metacarpals
phalanxes

Question 2

what are the short bones

Answer 2

carpals and tarsals

Question 3

what are the flat bones

Answer 3

bones of cranium, scapulae, sternum, hips, and ribs

Question 4

what are the irregular bones

Answer 4

vertebrae, facial bones

Question 5

what are the sesamoid bones

Answer 5

patella

Question 6

what are the wormian bones

Answer 6

bones bw or within the sutures

Question 7

what are the functions of bone

Answer 7

support and protection for the body and body organs
gives the body a framework
mineral homeostasis (calcium and phosphorus)
blood cell production (red bone marrow—hematopoiesis)
energy storage (yellow bone marrow)

Question 8

what are the four kinds of bone cells

Answer 8

osteoprogenitor cells
osteoblasts
osteocytes
osteclasts

Question 9

osteoprogenitor cells

Answer 9

unspecialized cells
can undergo mitosis
eventually will mature and turn into osteoblasts or osteoclasts

Question 10

osteoblasts

Answer 10

bone cells that build new bone tissue, functions in growth, remodeling, and repair of bone
make collagen and elastin protein fibers
will mature and turn into osteocytes

Question 11

ostecytes

Answer 11

referred to as mature bone cells
maintains bone tissue (exchanges nutrients with blood)

Question 12

osteoclasts

Answer 12

bone cells that break down bone (reapsorption of bone)
functions in remodeling and repair of bone

Question 13

how does hGH affect gorwth

Answer 13

before puberty

Question 14

how does estrogen and testosterone affect gwoth

Answer 14

after puberty

Question 15

how does calcitonin affect growth

Answer 15

when the blood calcium is too high the thyroid gland produces this hormone to stimulate the production of osteoblasts

Question 16

how does PTH affect growth

Answer 16

when the blood calcium is too low the parathyroid gland produces this hormone to stimulate the production of osteoclasts

Question 17

what is the difference between spony bone and compact bone

Answer 17

spongey bone
found in the epiphysis of long bones
covered with compact bone
function: house red bone marrow for hematopoiesis
compact bone
found in the diaphysis of long bones
function: support strengthen and protect

Question 18

what are the two different ways bones form

Answer 18

intramembranous ossification
endochondral ossification

Question 19

what bones form through intramembranous ossification

Answer 19

cranial bones, mandible, maxillae, and clavicle

Question 20

what bones form through endochondral ossification

Answer 20

all other bones in the body

Question 21

what are the three areas of a long bone

Answer 21

diaphysis
epiphysis
metaphysis

Question 22

what is the function of the diaphysis region

Answer 22

shaft
contains yellow bone marrow and blood vessels, nerves

Question 23

what is the function of the epiphysis region

Answer 23

ends
contains red bone marrow

Question 24

what is the function of the metaphysis region

Answer 24

small area between epiphysis and diaphysis, usually where growth plates are found

Question 25

appendicular skeleton vs axial skeleton

Answer 25

axial skeleton: bones in your head, neck, back, and chest appendicular skeleton: pelvis and limbs

Question 26

what does your body do when the blood calcium is too high

Answer 26

when the blood calcium is too high the thyroid gland produces calcitonin to stimulate the production of osteoblasts

Question 27

what does your body do when the blood calcium is too low

Answer 27

when the blood calcium is too low the parathyroid gland produces PTH to stimulate the production of osteoclasts

Question 28

what is the importance of blood calcium homeostasis

Answer 28

it is important in muscle contraction, nerve cell function, blood clotting, and other physiological processes

Question 30

Effects of smoking

Answer 30

Slows the production of osteoblasts, slowing healing Affects ability to absorb calcium, leading to lower bone density and weaker bones Raises risk of cancer

Question 31

ACL

Answer 31

Anterior cruciate ligament

Question 33

What’s the lateral knee ligament

Answer 33

Lateral collateral ligament

Question 34

What’s the medial knee ligament

Answer 34

Tibial collateral ligament

Question 35

What serves as protective cushions in some joints

Answer 35

Particular disc Fat pads

Question 36

The strong cord like connective tissue that hold bones together at joints

Answer 36

Ligaments

Question 37

Possible movements of shoulder

Answer 37

Abduction, abduction, flexion extension, elevate, depressed, rotation, circumduction

Question 38

Movements of hip

Answer 38

Abduction, abduction, flexion extension, rotation, circumduction

Question 39

Movements of elbow

Answer 39

Flexion extension

Question 40

Movements of knee

Answer 40

Flexion extension

Question 41

What type of tissue is found between the articulating bones of synarthrotic joints?

Answer 41

Fibrous connective tissue

Question 42

What type of tissue is found between the articulating bones of most amphiarthrotic joints?

Answer 42

Cartilaginous