Homework Flashcards
What special type of bone tissue is found in the epiphysis of long bones and inside flat bones?
Spongey bone
What is found inside the medullary cavity of a long bone?
lined by endosteum
inside the medullary cavity is yellow bone marrow, blood vessels, and nerves
What is the scientific name for spongy bone?
Cancellous bone
What is the scientific name for compact bone?
Cortical bone
What is the extracellular matrix of bone largely composed of and what are the functions of these substances?
Collagen—gives bone their strength
Inorganic salts (Calcium phosphate)—Makes bone hard and resistant to crushing
Explain Blood Cell Formation (Hematopoiesis) from embryonic time to adulthood.
The process starts in the yolk sac outside the embryo, later in development blood cells are made in the liver and the spleen, and later form in the bone marrow.
List some human body processes that rely on sufficient calcium levels.
Muscle contraction, nerve cell function, blood clotting, and other physiological processes.
Name the glands, hormones, and cells needed to keep blood calcium in homeostasis.
TOO LOW—Parathyroid gland—PTH—Osteoclasts
TOO HIGH—Thyroid gland—calcitonin—osteoblasts
Briefly explain the difference between intramembranous and endochondral ossification.
Intramembranous ossification—Bone forms from membrane-like sheets of undifferentiated vascular connective tissue. This process forms flat bones of the skull, the mandible, and the clavicles
Endochondral ossification—Bone forms from hyaline cartilage. This process is essential in the formation of long bones and vertebrae. Know examples
List 3 factors that affect bone development, growth, and repair.
Nutrition, hormonal secretions, and physical exercise
Explain the function of Vitamin D with calcium and bones.
Vitamin D is necessary for proper absorption of calcium in the small intestine. Bones will soften and deform without it.
Explain the function of Growth Hormones and Sex Hormones in bone growth.
Growth hormones secreted by the pituitary gland stimulate the division of the cartilage cells on epiphysial plates. Sex hormones stimulate the ossification of the epiphyseal plates.
