Viticulture Flashcards

1
Q

Common rootstock

A
  1. Riparia x Rupestris
  2. Berlandieri x Riparia
  3. Berlandieri x Rupestris
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2
Q

Ungrafted Rootstocks (Locations)

A
  • Atacama Valley
  • Barossa
  • Santorini
  • Canary Islands
  • Salta
  • Columbia Valley
  • Colares
  • Mt Etna
  • Armenia and Georgia
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3
Q

Head Training – Goblet

A
  • Spur Pruned
  • Southern Rhone / Californian Zinfandel/
    Southern Italy/Spain
  • Albarello in Italy
  • En Vaso in Spain
  • Good for infertile soils, warm climates
  • Keeps grapes warm but bad for cool
    climates as grapes would be prone to
    disease.
  • One of the oldest vine training methods.
    Labor intensive.
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4
Q

Head Training – Guyot

A
  • Cane Pruned
  • Single or Double Guyot
  • Piedmonte, Burgundy (Single)
  • Bordeaux, Champagne, Alsace, Loire,
    Jura, Savoie (Double)
  • Good for low yielding vines.
  • Good control of buds on the cane for
    canopy and yield management.
  • Good spread of canopy and easy to
    prune for fruit with good sun and wind
    exposure. Easy to manage.
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5
Q

Head Training – Basket Training

A

Spur Pruned
- Kouloura in Santorini, Greece
- Coonawarra

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6
Q

Cordon Training (Single)

A
  • Simple Cordon or Single Cordon
  • Spur Pruned on each cordon
  • High volume compared to cane prune.
  • Mechanically efficient
  • Good control over height and exposure
    to elements.
  • Easier to prune for inexperienced.
  • Whole Cordon susceptible to diseases
    and rot as it gets older and becomes
    troublesome.
  • Champagne, Burgundy, Beaujolais,
    Roussillon, Corsica
  • Also known as Cordon de Royat, Cordon
    Speronato (Italy)
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7
Q

Cordon Training (Double)

A
  • Double Cordon
  • Spur Pruned.
  • Even more mechanically efficient but
    loses vigour over time.
  • Gets more difficult to manage over
    time.
  • Beaujolais, Bordeaux, Corsica
  • Also known as Cordon Doble (Spain)
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8
Q

Cordon Training (Double Curtain)

A
  • Geneva System (Double Curtain)
  • Spur Pruned
  • USA, Many high volume places
  • Designed in the 1960s for non-vinifera
    species. Concorde specifically
  • High volume, high yields.
  • Vines are trained downwards rather
    than upwards.
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9
Q

Cordon Training (Lyre System)

A

-Spur Pruned
-Developed by Alain Corbonneau in 1980s in
Bordeaux.
-Like Geneva double curtain but vines are
trained upwards.
-This creates gaps for more wind and sun
exposure
compared to GDC.
-Less vigorous than GDC.
-Bordeaux (mass), China, USA, OZ

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10
Q

Scott Henry training

A

Cane Pruned (Hybrid prunes)
- Scott Henry (Oregon)
- Created by Scott Henry in Umpqua
- Cane pruned
- Increases yields by having 4 canes in cool climate site
- Spreads out canopy to assist in ripening (more sunlight)
- Labor intensive and expensive.

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11
Q

Smart Dyson Trellis

A
  • Hybrid prunes
  • Spur pruned
  • Smart Dyson Trellis
  • Similar to Scott Henry but spur pruned
  • Creates more yield than Scott Henry but
    maintains similar canopy management.
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12
Q

Vertical Shoot Positioning

A
  • Hybrid prunes
  • Very similar to Double Guyot but with additional 4 canes instead of 2. One cane is trained higher than the previous year’s cane.
  • Trained much higher than Guyot with
    greater separation between canopy and fruit.
  • Neat and good for mechanical
    harvesting
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13
Q

Mosel Arch / Pendelbogen

A

Unique Cane Pruned Based
- No way to set up trellising.
- Required canopy with easier growing
fruit that was lower to the ground.
Creating more heat at night.
- Harder to harvest as it is low.

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14
Q

Pergola system

A

Unique Cane Pruned Based
- Pergola (Italy) or Enforcado/Ramada
(Portugal)
, Parral (ARG and Spain),
Tendone (Italy), Verandah (SA)
- Ancient method. Fertile soils with water.
Spread out vegetation and fruit yields.
- Easier harvest. Manage soils with high
disease pressure.

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15
Q

Irrigation Systems

A
  • Dripper System Irrigation
  • Precise water distribution at precise times
    to precise areas. Water supplied as
    drops to base of each vine. (USA)
  • Furrow Irrigation
  • Water funneled into furrow channels that
    vines are planted in. (Argentina)
  • Flood Irrigation
  • Water from supply canal flooded down
    rows. (Australia, USA)
  • Ceres Irrigation System
  • Aerial Imagery System to reduce cost and
    manage water distribution.
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16
Q

Crossing: Muller Thurgau

A

Rhine Riesling x Magdeleine Royale
Germany, Italy

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17
Q

Crossing: Petite Sirah

A

Syrah x Peloursin
USA, Australia

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18
Q

Crossing: Shiraz

A

Dureza x Mondeuse Blanche
France, Australia, NZ, SA,
USA

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19
Q

Crossing: Sangiovese

A

Cilliegiolo x Calabrese di Montenuovo
Italy

20
Q

Crossing: Carmenere

A

Gros Cabernet x Cabernet Franc
Chile

21
Q

Crossing: Torrontes

A

Criolla Chica x Muscat of Alexandria
Argentina

22
Q

Crossing: Marselan

A

Cabernet x Grenache
China, France

23
Q

Crossing: Malbec

A

Prunelard x Magdeleine Noire des Charentes
Argentina

24
Q

Crossing: Merlot

A

Cabernet Franc x Magdeleine Noire des Charentes
France, USA, Australia, Italy

25
Hybrid: Vidal
Ugni Blanc x Rayon d’Or France, 1930
26
Hybrid: Alicante Bouschet
Petit Bouschet x Garnacha Tinta France, 1866
27
The average growing temperature for grapes to ripen lies between _____ degrees Celsius.
10-20 degrees Celsius
28
Red grapes prefer a summer temperature of averagely ____ degrees Celsius
21
29
White grapes prefer a summer temperature of averagely ____ degrees Celsius.
19
30
Grapes require a minimum of --- hrs of sunshine or approximately --- days of sun to support viticulture.
1300/100
31
Grapes require --- inches of rainfall annually.
10-30
32
Soil: Jory
Oregon (Deep, well-drained soil)
33
Soil: Galestro/Schist
Alsace
34
Soil: Flint/Silex
Sancerre terres blanches/caillottes/Silex
35
Soil: Gneiss
Austrian
36
Soil: Greywacke
New Zealand (grey sandstone with a high clay content and plenty of coarse-grained particles giving stony, free-draining soils)
37
Soil: Llicorella
Priorat (reddish-black slate with small particles of mica quartz)
38
Soil: Tufa to Tuffeau
Loire (a local chalky limestone)
39
Soil: Tuff
Campania (a soft rock formed of compacted volcanic ash; high silt content in sandy soils)
40
Soil: Blue slate/Red slate
Mosel
41
Soil: Albariza
Spain (Alba means white, and primarily composed of calcium carbonate, clay, and marine fossils)
42
Soil: Barros
Spain (a rich, dark brown soil, 10 per cent chalk with a higher clay content)
43
Soil: Arenas
Spain (Arenas are a slightly yellowish / reddish soil, with 10-20 per cent chalk but with a high sand content)
44
Soil: Micraster/Belemnite
Champagne (贝壳类、乌贼化石)
45
Soil: Goldbridge
Sonoma
46
Soil: willakenzie
Oregon Willematte Valley