Viticulture Flashcards
Common rootstock
- Riparia x Rupestris
- Berlandieri x Riparia
- Berlandieri x Rupestris
Ungrafted Rootstocks (Locations)
- Atacama Valley
- Barossa
- Santorini
- Canary Islands
- Salta
- Columbia Valley
- Colares
- Mt Etna
- Armenia and Georgia
Head Training – Goblet
- Spur Pruned
- Southern Rhone / Californian Zinfandel/
Southern Italy/Spain - Albarello in Italy
- En Vaso in Spain
- Good for infertile soils, warm climates
- Keeps grapes warm but bad for cool
climates as grapes would be prone to
disease. - One of the oldest vine training methods.
Labor intensive.
Head Training – Guyot
- Cane Pruned
- Single or Double Guyot
- Piedmonte, Burgundy (Single)
- Bordeaux, Champagne, Alsace, Loire,
Jura, Savoie (Double) - Good for low yielding vines.
-
Good control of buds on the cane for
canopy and yield management. -
Good spread of canopy and easy to
prune for fruit with good sun and wind
exposure. Easy to manage.
Head Training – Basket Training
Spur Pruned
- Kouloura in Santorini, Greece
- Coonawarra
Cordon Training (Single)
- Simple Cordon or Single Cordon
- Spur Pruned on each cordon
- High volume compared to cane prune.
- Mechanically efficient
- Good control over height and exposure
to elements. - Easier to prune for inexperienced.
- Whole Cordon susceptible to diseases
and rot as it gets older and becomes
troublesome. - Champagne, Burgundy, Beaujolais,
Roussillon, Corsica - Also known as Cordon de Royat, Cordon
Speronato (Italy)
Cordon Training (Double)
- Double Cordon
- Spur Pruned.
- Even more mechanically efficient but
loses vigour over time. - Gets more difficult to manage over
time. - Beaujolais, Bordeaux, Corsica
- Also known as Cordon Doble (Spain)
Cordon Training (Double Curtain)
- Geneva System (Double Curtain)
- Spur Pruned
- USA, Many high volume places
- Designed in the 1960s for non-vinifera
species. Concorde specifically - High volume, high yields.
- Vines are trained downwards rather
than upwards.
Cordon Training (Lyre System)
-Spur Pruned
-Developed by Alain Corbonneau in 1980s in
Bordeaux.
-Like Geneva double curtain but vines are
trained upwards.
-This creates gaps for more wind and sun
exposure compared to GDC.
-Less vigorous than GDC.
-Bordeaux (mass), China, USA, OZ
Scott Henry training
Cane Pruned (Hybrid prunes)
- Scott Henry (Oregon)
- Created by Scott Henry in Umpqua
- Cane pruned
- Increases yields by having 4 canes in cool climate site
- Spreads out canopy to assist in ripening (more sunlight)
- Labor intensive and expensive.
Smart Dyson Trellis
- Hybrid prunes
- Spur pruned
- Smart Dyson Trellis
- Similar to Scott Henry but spur pruned
- Creates more yield than Scott Henry but
maintains similar canopy management.
Vertical Shoot Positioning
- Hybrid prunes
- Very similar to Double Guyot but with additional 4 canes instead of 2. One cane is trained higher than the previous year’s cane.
- Trained much higher than Guyot with
greater separation between canopy and fruit. - Neat and good for mechanical
harvesting
Mosel Arch / Pendelbogen
Unique Cane Pruned Based
- No way to set up trellising.
- Required canopy with easier growing
fruit that was lower to the ground.
Creating more heat at night.
- Harder to harvest as it is low.
Pergola system
Unique Cane Pruned Based
- Pergola (Italy) or Enforcado/Ramada
(Portugal), Parral (ARG and Spain),
Tendone (Italy), Verandah (SA)
- Ancient method. Fertile soils with water.
Spread out vegetation and fruit yields.
- Easier harvest. Manage soils with high
disease pressure.
Irrigation Systems
- Dripper System Irrigation
- Precise water distribution at precise times
to precise areas. Water supplied as
drops to base of each vine. (USA) - Furrow Irrigation
- Water funneled into furrow channels that
vines are planted in. (Argentina) - Flood Irrigation
- Water from supply canal flooded down
rows. (Australia, USA) - Ceres Irrigation System
- Aerial Imagery System to reduce cost and
manage water distribution.
Crossing: Muller Thurgau
Rhine Riesling x Magdeleine Royale
Germany, Italy
Crossing: Petite Sirah
Syrah x Peloursin
USA, Australia
Crossing: Shiraz
Dureza x Mondeuse Blanche
France, Australia, NZ, SA,
USA
Crossing: Sangiovese
Cilliegiolo x Calabrese di Montenuovo
Italy
Crossing: Carmenere
Gros Cabernet x Cabernet Franc
Chile
Crossing: Torrontes
Criolla Chica x Muscat of Alexandria
Argentina
Crossing: Marselan
Cabernet x Grenache
China, France
Crossing: Malbec
Prunelard x Magdeleine Noire des Charentes
Argentina
Crossing: Merlot
Cabernet Franc x Magdeleine Noire des Charentes
France, USA, Australia, Italy
Hybrid: Vidal
Ugni Blanc x Rayon d’Or
France, 1930
Hybrid: Alicante Bouschet
Petit Bouschet x Garnacha Tinta
France, 1866
The average growing temperature for
grapes to ripen lies between _____
degrees Celsius.
10-20 degrees Celsius
Red grapes prefer a summer
temperature of averagely ____ degrees
Celsius
21
White grapes prefer a summer
temperature of averagely ____ degrees
Celsius.
19
Grapes require a minimum of — hrs of
sunshine or approximately — days of
sun to support viticulture.
1300/100
Grapes require — inches of rainfall
annually.
10-30
Soil: Jory
Oregon (Deep, well-drained soil)
Soil: Galestro/Schist
Alsace
Soil: Flint/Silex
Sancerre
terres blanches/caillottes/Silex
Soil: Gneiss
Austrian
Soil: Greywacke
New Zealand
(grey sandstone with a high clay content and plenty of coarse-grained particles giving stony, free-draining soils)
Soil: Llicorella
Priorat
(reddish-black slate with small particles of mica quartz)
Soil: Tufa to Tuffeau
Loire (a local chalky limestone)
Soil: Tuff
Campania
(a soft rock formed of compacted volcanic ash; high silt content in sandy soils)
Soil: Blue slate/Red slate
Mosel
Soil: Albariza
Spain (Alba means white, and primarily composed of calcium carbonate, clay, and marine fossils)
Soil: Barros
Spain (a rich, dark brown soil, 10 per cent chalk with a higher clay content)
Soil: Arenas
Spain (Arenas are a slightly yellowish / reddish soil, with 10-20 per cent chalk but with a high sand content)
Soil: Micraster/Belemnite
Champagne (贝壳类、乌贼化石）
Soil: Goldbridge
Sonoma
Soil: willakenzie
Oregon Willematte Valley
