France Flashcards
1
Q
Alsace
A
2
Q
gres de Vosges
A
a local pink sandstone
3
Q
Other names:
Pinot Blanc
Pinot Gris
Savagnin Rose
Chasselas
A
Pinot Blanc: Klevner; Auxerrois (legally sold under PB label)
Pinot Gris: Tokay d’Alsace
Savagnin Rose: Klevener, Klevener de Heiligenstein
Chasselas: Gutedel
4
Q
Yields per hectare for AC Alsace and Grand Cru
A
Yields are permitted to 80 hectoliters per hectare (5.9 tons per acre) in Alsace AOC, Grand Cru yield limits are 55 hectoliters per hectare (4.1 tons per acre).
5
Q
Alsace Grand Cru AOP (Unique Ones)
A
First & Largest Grand Cru: Schlossberg / Riesling / Kientzheim (comunne)
Smallest Grand Cru: Kanzlerberg / Ries, Gewurz/ Bergheim(comunne)
Last Grand Cru (2007): Kaefferkopf / Blends / Ammerschwihr(comunne)
Northernmost Grand Cru: Steinklotz / Ries, Gewurz / Marlenheim(comunne)
Southernmost Grand Cru: Rangen / Ries, PG / Thann(comunne)
Sylvaner Grand Cru: Zotzenberg / Sylvaner / Mittelbergheim(comunne)
Blends Grand Cru: Kaefferkopf in Ammerschwihr / Altenberg de Bergheim
Pinot Noir Grand Cru: Kirchberg de Barr in Barr / Hengst in Wintzenheim / Vorbourg in Rouffach (2022 added to Ries, PG and Gewurz)
6
Q
Unique subzones:
Subzones for Red Wine (Pinot Noir) only
Subzone for Red and White
A
PN only: Saint Hippolyte, Ottrott, Rodern
Red & White: Cote de Rouffach
Subzone for Sylvaner: Blienschwiller and Cotes de Bar
Subzone for Riesling: Wolxheim, Scherwiller
Subzone for Gewurztraminer: Bergheim
Edelzwicker: Blend of Noble varieties may or may not be vintage dated.
Bottles have to be Vin du Rhin or Flute d’Alsace
Gentil: must contain at least 50% Alsace noble grapes. The rest can have Sylvaner, PB, Chasselas
7
Q
Cremant d’Alsace
A
- Grape: Riesling, Pinot Gris, Pinot Blanc, Auxerrois, Pinot Noir and Chardonnay
- 100% Pinot for Rose sparkling.
- 1yr aging with 9mths on lees.
8
Q
Moselle AOP and Cotes de Toul AOP (Lorraine)
A
- Light reds from Pinot Noir and whites from Auxerrois
- Rose from Moselle is Gamay and Pinot Noir
9
Q
Important Clos Vineyards
A
- Clos Jebsal – PG – Zind Humbrecht
- Clos St Hune (1983,1989,1997 for VT) – Riesling – Trimbach
- Clos de la Faille – PN – Albert Mann
10
Q
Producers and wines 1
A
11
Q
Producers and wines 2
A
12
Q
Jura (6 AOP)
A
6 AOP: Arbois, Chateau Chalon, Cremant du Jura, Cotes du Jura,
Macvin du Jura, l’Etoile AOP
5 main grapes are Savagnin, Chardonnay, Trousseau (trousse – plump), Poulsard (Ploussard) , Pinot Noir
13
Q
Cotes du Jura AOP
A
- Poulsard, Trousseau and Pinot for Red, Char and Savagnin for White
- Vin Jaune only for Savagnin. Vin de Paille cannot have Pinot Noir
14
Q
Arbois AOP (Ar – Fertile, Bos – Land)
A
First AOP. 11 villages but only one village is allowed to append its name: Pupillin
15
Q
L’Etoile AOP
A
- White wine only Appellation, generally bottled late in an oxidative style
- Communes are: l’Etoile, Plainoiseau, Quintigny and Saint Didier
16
Q
Chateau Chalon AOP
A
- Vin Jaune made from Savagnin (Nature), not fortified over flor (voile) for 6yrs minimum. Bottled in Clavelin (62cl)
- Vin de Paille must be must weight 320gms/l, dried on straw or hung for 6 weeks min, 3yrs aging with 18mths in barrel.
17
Q
Cremant d’Jura AOP
A
Chardonnay, Pinot Noir and/or Trousseau must be 70%.
12mths aging with 9 mths on lees
18
Q
Macvin du Jura AOP
A
All 5 grapes can be used. 1/3 Marc (a local brandy aged min 18mths in oak) added to unfermented must. But must is boiled down to 50%. Can be white, red or rose. 12 mths min aging.
19
Q
Producers and wines
A
20
Q
Savoie (3 AOP)
A
3 AOPs: Savoie, Rousette de
Savoie, Seyssel
21
Q
Vin de Savoie AOP
A
- Swiss side: Marin, Marignan, Ripaille and Crepy is min 80% Chasselas
- Central: Frangy, Seyssel, Marestel, Monthoux and Monterminod are white based with Altesse and Molette.
- South: Curve Area is Saint Jeoir du Prieure, Apremont and Chignin (JAC) doing Jacquere. Chignin also has Mondeuse, Gamay and Persan
- Chignin Begeron (CB) special – do Rousanne 100%. Straight area is Montmelian and Cruet doing Jacquere, Arbin and St Jean de la Porte doing 100% Mondeuse (AS MC)
22
Q
Cremant de Savoie AOP
A
Made from min 40% Jacquere. The other major grape is Altesse.
23
Q
Rousette de Savoie AOP
A
- 100% Rousette aka Altesse.
- 4 villages: Frangy, Monthoux, Monteminod, Marestel
24
Q
Seyssel AOP
A
Still is 100% Altesse, Sparkling is Altesse with Molette and Chasselas
25
Producers and wines
26
Bugey (2 AOP)
* 2 AOPs: Bugey, Rousette de Bugey AOP
* 3 villages: Manicle (Belley), Montagnieu, Cerdon; village names can append to Bugey
* **Bugey–Cerdon AOP** only makes **Methode Ancestrale Rose** from **Gamay and Poulsard**
* **Rousette de Bugey AOP** -- **100% Rousette** also known as **Altesse**.
27
Producers and wines
28
Burgundy Grapes
29
Bourgogne AOP
Villages in the Yonne allowed to append name to Bourgogne: **Epineuil, Chitry, La Chapelle Notre Dame, La Chapitre, Cote St Jacques and Montrecul**
30
Coteaux Bourguignon AOP
Bourgogne Hautes Cote de Nuits & Beaune AOP
Cote de Beaune & Cote de Nuits Villages AOP
Bourgogne Aligote AOP
**Bourgogne Passe tout grains AOP**
**Bourgogne Mousseaux AOP**
* *Coteaux Bourguignon AOP*
Catch all but allowed to blend Gamay inside.
* *Bourgogne Hautes Cote de Nuits & Beaune AOP*
Scattered vineyards over higher slopes
* *Cote de Beaune & Cote de Nuits Villages AOP*
Catch all in the individual regions. Nuits side includes, Brochon, Fixin, Corgoloin, Prissey and Comblanchien.
* *Bourgogne Aligote AOP* – 100% Aligote
* **Bourgogne Passe tout grains (pass all grapes) AOP** – **Pinot 30% Gamay 15% min.**
* **Bourgogne Mousseaux AOP** – **Red ONLY sparkling, traditional method**
31
Chablis & Yonne
* 3 AOP: Petit Chablis, Chablis and Chablis Grand Cru
* Grand Crus: Bougros, Les Preuses, Vaudesir, Grenouilles, Valmur, Les Clos, Blanchot. **La Moutonne** is in between Les Preuses and Vaudesir (but **essentially in Vaudesir** ) owned by **Domaine Long-Depaquit** (Albert Bichot)
* Les Clos finest. Followed by Vaudesir and Valmur usually. Bougros fattest.
* 17 Chablis 1er Crus
* **Irancy AOP** – Pinot Noir based reds.
* **St Bris AOP** – Sauvignon Blanc and Gris based whites.
* **Verzelay AOP** -- Chardonnay
32
Producers and wines
33
Cote d’Or
Important & Unique Crus 1
34
Important & Unique Crus 2
35
Important 1er Crus 1
36
Important 1er Crus 2
37
Important 1er Crus 3
38
Important Producers 1
39
Important Producers 2
40
Important Producers 3
41
Important Producers 4
42
Important plots 1
Gevery Chambertin
The **village of Brochon** is an extension of Gevrey-Chambertin, wine is allowed to be labeled gevery chambertin
43
Important plots 2
MSD
44
Important plots 3
Vosne Romanee
45
Important plots 4
Aloxe Corton
46
Important plots 5
Montrachet
47
Cote Chalonnaise AOP
5 AOPs: Bouzeron, Rully, Mercurey, Givry & Montagny
**Bouzeron is 100% Aligote** and **Montagny 100% Chardonnay**. The rest can mix.
48
Maconnais
* Pouilly Fuisse AOP: 4 communes of **Chaintre, Solutre-Pouilly, Fuisse, Vergisson**
* Vire Clesse AOP: 4 communes of **Vire, Clesse, Laize and Montbellet**
* **Pouilly Loche AOP, Pouilly Vinzelles, Saint Veran AOP** all **Chardonnay 100%**
* **Macon AOP** has 27 villiages can append their name to Macon:
**Rouge and Rose only: *Serrieres***
White only: Fuisse, Loche, Montbellet, Solutre-Pouilly
All (remember 5): **Milly-Lamartine**, **Pierreclos**, **Chaintre**, **Chardonnay**, **Verze**
49
Important producers
50
Beaujolais AOP
* Blanc is 100% Chardonnay whilst Red/Rose can be a blend of Gamay, Pinot Noir, Melon, Chardonnay, Aligote, Pinot Gris.
* Gamay there are 2 clones. **Gamay de Bouze** and **Gamay de Chaudenay** (more color and tannin)
* **Beaujolais Cru AOP**
(*Singapore JC Mother Fuckers, Chinese Man Really Big Cock*)
51
Beaujolais Village Lieux Dits
Morgon: **Corcelette, Cote du Py**
Moulin-a-Vent: **Les Roches, La Rochelle**
Brouilly: **Pisse-Vielle**
Fleurie: **Champagne, Le Bon Cru**
52
Producers & Wines
53
Northern Rhône
The wind is **Mistral** and the soil on the Northern part near Condrieu is called **Arzelle** (powdery decomposed Mica)
54
Cote Rotie AOP
* Split into 3 villages: **St Cyr-sur-le-Rhone**, **Ampuis** and **Tupin et Semons**
* Schist on the **Northern half** (***darker, more powerful*** fruit), Granite on the **Southern half** (***floral, elegant also more whites***)
55
Cote Rotie Lieux Dits
56
Condrieu AOP
The original 3 communes: **Condrieu, Verin and
Saint-Michel-sur-Rhone**
57
Hermitage AOP
Red and whites are made here but there is also a **Vin de Paille** for AOP from Marsanne and Rousanne
58
Hermitage AOP Lieux Dits
**L’Hermite, Les Bessards, Le Meal, Les Grandes Vignes, Maison Blanche**
Remember minimum 5
59
Cornas AOP
Lieux-dits: **Reynard, Chaillot, La Cote**
60
Saint Peray AOP
Marsanne & Rousanne made into Sparkling, aged 12mths before release
61
Clairette de Die AOP
Another sparkling Appellation from Clairette.
* **Methode Ancestrale** has to be **75% Muscat a Petit Grains mixed with Clairette**
* **Gamay for Rose.**
62
Cremant de Die AOP
Clairette
and Muscat blanc Petits Grains
63
Chatillon-en-Diois AOP (Burgundian grapes)
Red, White and Rose are from **Chardonnay, Aligote.
Gamay is major** red with Syrah and Pinot Noir
64
Producers and wines 1
65
Producers and wines 2
66
Producers and wines 3
67
Southern Rhône
**CDP** became **AOC** in **1936** (first in
France)
68
Chateauneuf Du Pape AOP
* Remember all 18 grapes allowed!
*Grenache (Noir, Gris, Blanc)
Syrah, Mourvedre, Cinsault, Counoise, Picpoul (Noir, Gris, Blanc), Clairette,Clairette Rose, Bourboulenc, Muscardin, Picardon, Vaccarese, Terret Noir*
* **Communes of Production: Orange, Sorgues, Bedarriddes, Chateauneuf du Pape, Courthezon**
69
Cotes-du-Rhone Villages-AOP
There are 22 Villages that can append their name to Cotes du Rhone
* Rouge only: Nyons, **Puymeras, Sainte-Andeol, Sainte Cecile**
* Rouge and Rose: **Chusclan**
* Both: **Sablet**
70
Rest of Southern Rhone
* **Gigondas, Vacqueyras, Beaumes-de-Venise, Cairanne, Vinsobres** AOPs: all are **50% Grenache min**. (East of CDP)
* **Tavel and Lirac AOP**: both famous for Rose, ***Tavel only for Rose***
71
Fortified wines in South Rhone
* **Muscat Beaumes-de-Venise AOPs**: Muscat BDV is Vin Doux Naturel Blanc/Rouge/Rose from Muscat a Petit Grains
* Rasteau AOP: 3 communes --> **Rasteau, Sablet and Cairanne**; all make fortified VDN wines
* **Amber** ***3 yrs aging*** for **white**, **Tuille** ***3yrs aging*** for **red**
* **Hors d’Age must be 5yrs aging**
72
Southern Rhone non-sense..
* The big mountain ranges covering all are: **Cotes du Vivarais** and **Grignan les Adhemar AOP** (North West and Northern most), **Cotes du Ventoux** and **Cotes du Luberon AOP** (South East in order) and **Costieres de Nimes AOP** (South West). All appellations are GSM/Marsane,Rousanne based but Luberon got Carignan.
* **Clairette de Bellegarde AOP** is in Costieres de Nimes AOP with **100% Clairette**
* **Laudun AOP** is new in 2023 and its **Grenache and Marsanne/Roussanne based.**
73
Producers and wines
74
Provence
75
Cotes de Provence AOP
* ¾ of production in Provence from here
* Bottles are known as Skittles or Flute a corset Provencal
* Rose wines made here must be a blend of at least 2 varieties
* **Rose and red wines** under one of the 5 subzone appellation:
**Notre Dame des Anges, La Londe** (White Wine), **Pierrefeu, Sainte Victoire, Frejus**
76
Bandol AOP
* White, rose, best is red
* Red: **50% min of Mourvedre. Min 18mths in wood**. Tempier, Pibarnon are famous.
77
Cotes de Provence Grand Crus
* The **Domaine du Jas d'Esclans**, at La Motte
* The **Château de Selle**, in Taradeau
* The **Château Minuty**, in Gassin
* **Le Clos Mireille**, in La Londe les Maures
* **Le Clos Cibonne**, Le Pradet ; (Tibouren)
78
Rest of Provence
* **Coteaux d’aix en Provence AOP**: white and red from Grenache and Grenache Blanc blended.
* **Les Baux de Provence AOP**: Grenache Blanc, Rousanne, Clairette and Vermentino (Rolle) as its major white
* ***Cassis AOP***: whites from ***Clairette and Marsanne***(Cassis)
* **Bellet AOP**: **more Vermentin**o but the **Reds are Braquet and Fuella Nera**
* ***Palette AOP***: white is Picardin, Clairette and Bourboulenc. Reds are Grenache based. Chateau Simone is 80% of acreage.
* **Coteaux Varois en Provence AOP**: Red, Whites and Roses
* **Coteaux du Pierrevert AOP**: White, Red and Roses also from Grenache based varieties
79
Producers and wines
80
Corsica
Warm and Dry Mediterranean climate. Very mountainous terrain
81
Corse or Vin du Corse AOP
Catch all zone for Corsica and is split into **5 subzones: Calvi, Figari, Porto-Vecchio, Coteaux du Cap Corse, Sartene**
82
Muscat du Cap Corse AOP
Vin doux naturel from Muscat a Petits Grains
Blanc
83
Ajaccio AOP
White, red and rose
Whites from **Vermentino (Malvoisie de
Corse)** and Ugni Blanc (Rossola). Reds from **Sciaccarello (Mammolo)** and **Nielluccio (Sangiovese)**
84
Patrimonio AOP
100% Vermentino (Malvoisie de Corse) for white and mainly Nielluccio (Sangiovese) for Reds
85
Producers and wines
86
Champagne
87
Important incidents of Champagne
* **1806 Remuage** invented by **Clicquot**
* **1848 Perrier Jouet** made the **first Brut** Champagne
* **1885 Perrier Jouet** sells **3x the price** of **Lafite** in Christie’s
* In 1882 and 1912 the Syndicat du Commerce des vins de Champagne and Negociants en vins de Champagne were formed. The two merged in 1945 but in **1964**, the former declared themselves **the Syndicat de Grande Marques de Champagne**.
88
Champagne AOP
* Grape: PN, Char, Pinot Meunier, PB, PG , Arbane, Petit Meslier. 5% of Voltis allowed for adaptation.
* NV wines are 15 months from tirage -- 12 mths in lees -- and Vintage wines are 36 months from tirage
* Permitted Training methods are Chablis, Cordon Royat, Vallee de la Marne (Meunier only), Guyot (simple or Double)
* Champagne soil is **Micraster and Belemnite Chalk**
* Maximum pressing is **2550L from 4000kg of grapes** (1 Marc)
89
Champagne Terms
* **Blocage / Deblocage** -- Storing or releasing of wines in storage for future use
* **Rebeche** -- The third pressing required by law. 0-10% of the crop and can only be used for distillate
* **Crayere** -- Chalk cellars. Includes: Ruinart, Pommery and etc
90
Champagne AOP Grand Cru
* *Montagne de Reim*s: **Mailly, Sillery, Louvois, Verzy, Beaumont sur Vesle, Ambonnay, Verzenay, Bouzy and Puisieulx**
(My Silly Lover Very Booby And Very Beautiful Pussy...)
* *Cote des Blancs*: **Chouilly, Oger, Cramant, Oiry, Les Mesnil Sur Oger, Avize**
* *Vallee de la Marne*: **Ay, Tour sur Marne** (red grapes only)
91
Champagne AOP Premier Cru (**Must remember a few**)
* *Montagne de Reims*: **Chigny-les-Roses, Ecueil, Ludes, Trepail, Vrigny**
* Cote des Blancs: **Vertus, Cuis**
* Vallee de la Marne: **Cumieres, Dizy, Hautvillers, Mareuil-sur-Ay**
92
Prestige Cuvees 1
93
Prestige Cuvees 2
94
Monoparcel Champagnes
95
Champagne bottle sizes
96
Champagne Sugar Level
97
Champagne Special Club (Club Tresors de Champagne)
**Paul Bara, Forget Chemin, Pierre Gimonnet, Larmandier Pere et Fils, J.Lasalle, Nomine-Renard, Salmon**
98
Champagne still wine
* **Coteaux Champenois AOP**: 635 communes making Blanc, Rose and Rouge wines from Champagne grapes
* **Rose des Riceys AOP**: ***Whole bunch semi carbonic*** maceration, vinified Still Rose Wine from **100% Pinot Noir only**. Only permitted commune is **Les Riceys**.
99
Loire
**Quincy** -- the **first to receive AOP** status in
**1936**
100
Pays Nantais
4 Muscadet production zones: **Muscadet** AOP, **Muscadet Sevre et Maine** AOP, **Muscadet Cotes de Grandlieu** AOP, **Muscadet Coteaux de la Loire** AOP
101
Muscadet AOP
70% of all plantings in Pay Nantais.
90% Melon B with 10% Chardonnay
102
Muscadet Sevre-et-Maine AOP
* 100% Melon B 7 subzones: **Clisson, Le Pallet, Gorges** (Original 3), **Goulaine, Mouzillon-Tillieres, Monnieres-Saint-Fiacre, Chateau-Thebaud**
* Wines must be aged on lees for min of 2yrs
103
Muscadet Coteaux de la Loire AOP & Muscadet Cotes de Grandlieu AOP
100% Melon B aged 1 yr on lees
104
Coteaux d’Ancenis AOP
Makes mostly **semi sweet wine** from **Malvoisie (Pinot Gris)**. **Reds and Roses** are usually100% **Gamay** with a small proportion of **Cabernet Franc**
105
Gros Plant du Pays Nantais
Traditional **dry wines** from **Gros Plant (Folle Blanche)** sometimes up to 10% Colombard added
106
Fief Vendeens AOP
* 5 subzones: Brem, Chantonnay, Mareuil, Pissotte, Vix
* **Whites** from **Chenin and Chardonnay**
* **Reds** from **Gamay and Pinot Noir**. Complimentary min **10% Negrette**
107
Anjou Saumur
* Country’s second largest Rose production after Provence; CB dominant, CF for reds and rose. Also with Char, SB, CS, Grolleau, and Pineau d’Aunis.
* Loire is the main river with Layon and Aubance tributaries contributing to the climate for making sweet wines.
108
Rose d’Anjou AOP, Cabernet d’Anjou AOP, Rose de Loire
* **Rose d’Anjou AOP**: Cabs, Grolleau, Gamay, Pineau d’Aunis -- **Min 7g/L RS**.
* **Cabernet d’Anjou AOP**: Cab Franc and Cab Sauv based -- **Min 10g/L RS**.
* **Rose de Loire**: same grapes as the two above, but dry with **Max 3g/L RS**.
109
Anjou AOP, Anjou Brissac AOP & Anjou Villages AOP
* **Anjou AOP**: Catch all region for Rose, Reds, Whites, Sparkling and Sweet.
* **Anjou Brissac AOP/Anjou Villages AOP**: **Red only** region based on Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet Franc
110
Coteaux du Layon 1
* Coteaux du Layon: 8 appellations for Sweet Wine all from 100% Chenin Blanc
* **Coteaux du Layon AOP**: Catch **all 13 Communes** in the appellation for **Chenin blanc based sweet wines**
* **Coteaux du Layon Villages AOP**: 6 Villages can append the name
**Beaulieu-sur-Layon, Rablay-sur-Layon, Faye d’Anjou, Rochefort-sur-Loire, Saint Aubin-de-Luigne, Saint Lambert-du-Lattay**
111
Coteaux du Layon 2
* **Coteaux du Layon 1er Cru Chaume AOP**: **Min RS 80g/L**, sweeter than the rest of Coteaux du Layon. Chaptalization not allowed.
* **Quarts de Chaume Grand Cru AOP**: **Min RS 85g/L**, slightly lower yield.
* **Bonnezeaux AOP**: 80ha at min *51g/L* RS
* **Coteaux l’Aubance** AOP and **Coteaux de Saumur** AOP: Both at *34g/L*
112
Savennieres AOP, Coulee de Serrant AOP, Roche aux Moines AOP
* **Savennieres AOP**: 100% CB of dry, semi dry and sweet styles
* **Coulee de Serrant AOP**: **monopole by Nicolas Joly**
* **Roche aux Moines AOP**: is shared among a few producers
113
Saumur AOP
* Whites are 100% Chenin but reds are 70% Cfranc with CS and Pineau d’Aunis; **Famous single vineyard is “Breze”**
* Saumur mousseaux is known as Fines Bulles -- CB for white and CF for rose. Aged 9 mths under Tuffeau cellars.
* Cremant de Loire -- same requirement as Saumur mousseaux, need hand harvest
114
Saumur Puy Notre-Dame, Saumur-Champigny AOP, Haut-Poitou AOP
* Saumur Puy Notre-Dame: 85% Cab Franc but not AOP yet
* **Saumur-Champigny AOP**: Most famous red wine appellation with **clay and tuffeau** in the soils, warmer temperatures. **85% min** but usually **almost always 100% Cab Franc**. **Clos Rougeard** is located here.
* **Haut-Poitou AOP**: **only AOP in Anjou** known for **Sauvignon blanc**
115
Touraine AOP
* higher use CB and CF close to the west, SB and Gamay increases as we head Eastwards towards the Central Vineyards
* 5 subzones: **Oisly, Mesland, Amboise, Azay-le-Rideau, Chenonceaux** (MACAO)
* **Touraine Noble-Joue AOP** -- **Rose** made from **Pinot Meunier** and known locally as **Vin Gris**.
* **Bourgueil AOP** mostly on *chalky clay soil*, and **Saint Nicolas de Bourgueil AOP** mostly on *gravel-silt* by the river. Thus St Nicolas *slightly lighter*. CF dominate.
* **Chinon AOP** -- *largest red wine AOP* in Loire. CF dominates, can use up to 25% new oak. Rose also made.
* **Vouvray AOP**: **Tuffeau(chalky) Limestone** most important; Best soils are on the slopes, known as **Perruche** made from *mixture of clay-flint*.
116
Rest of Tourine
* **Montlouis sur Loire AOP**: *White wine only* region for *Chenin Blanc*. Still, Sparkling from dry to sweet
* **Cheverny AOP**: **Predominantly from SB**, reds from PN.
* **Cour Cheverny AOP**: producing **whites** from **Romorantin**
* **Jasnieres AOP**: CB
* **Coteaux du Vendoimois**: **Pineau d’Aunis** is most distinctive
* Valencay -- Cot (Malbec)
117
Central Vineyards
* **Sancerre AOP**: Terres Blanche (limestone and clay), Caillottes (limestone pebbles), **Silex (flint stone)** -- red/rose made with PN.
* **Pouilly Fume AOP**: earlier ripening than Sancerre. *2 famous communes* -- **Pouilly sur Loire** and **Saint Andelain** (Didier Dageneau)
* **Pouilly sur Loire** -- **home to Chasselas**.
* **Menetou Salon AOP** and **Reuilly AOP** -- white for SB, red for PN. **Quincy AOP** -- **only white for SB.**
118
Rest of Central Vineyards
* **Coteaux du Giennois AOP**: SB, PN, Gamay
* **Orleans AOP** is **Pinot Meunier** based whilst **Orleans Clery AOP** is **Cabernet Franc** based.
* **Chateaumeillant AOP**: **Gamay and Pinot noir**. Making **red and Rose only**
119
Central France
* **Saint Pourcain AOP**: Gamay and Pinot Noir. **Chardonnay and Tressalier (Sacy)** for whites
* **Cotes d’Auvergne AOP**: Chardonnay , Gamay and Pinot Noir. 5 subzones: **Corent (Rose ONLY)**
120
Cognac, Armagnac & Other Eau de Vie
* brandwijn: burnt wine
* Cognac 1936 become AOC
121
Cognac regions
1. **Grande Champagne** -- Campanian Chalk
2. **Petite Champagne**
3. **Borderies** -- groies soil( clay with chalk)
4. **Fins Bois**
5. **Bons Bois**
6. **Bois Ordinaries**
Grape: **Ugni Blanc, Folle Blanche, Colombard, Montils, Semillon and Folignan** (max 10%)
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Cognac terms
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Cognac ageing
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Armagnac AOP
* 3 Regions: **Bas Armagnac, Haut Armagnac,
Armagnac Tenareze AOP**
* Grapes: Ugni Blanc, Folle Blanche, Colombard, **Baco Noir**
* **Blanche Armagac** is **3mths**, **clear white Armagnac**
* **VS: 1-3yrs, VSOP: 4-9yrs, XO: 10yrs, Vintage: 10yrs**
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Calvados AOP
* 3 Appellations: **Calvados** (*apple or pear*) , **Calvados Domfrontais** (*apple plus 30% pear*) and **Pays d’Auge** (*apple plus 30% pear*)
* **Min** age **2yrs**. **Vieux** is **3yrs**, **Vielle Reserve or VSOP** is **4yrs**, **Hors d’age** is **6yrs**
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Martinique AOP
Rhum from Martinique. Aging: Blanc - 8weeks, **Sous Bois - 12 mths oak min, Rhum Ambre - 18 mths oak, Hors d'Age - 3 yrs min**.
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Bordeaux mixture
slaked lime and copper sulphate -- to prevent downy mildew, powdery mildew and other fungi
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Haut Benauge
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Bordeaux AOP
1. Main White Grapes (4): Sauvignon Blanc, Semillon, Muscadelle, Sauvignon Gris
2. Accessory White Grapes (5): Ugni Blanc, Merlot Blanc, Colombard, **Alvarinho, Liliorila (New)**
3. Main red (6)
4. Accessory Red Grapes (4): **Arinarnoa, Castets, Marselan, Touriga Nacional (New)**
5. Cremant de Bordeaux AOP -- only classic grapes are used
6. Medoc Blanc AOP -- New in 2023, Classic white grapes with accessories of Chardonnay, Petit and Gros Manseng
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Pessac Leognan AOP
* **AOP in 1987**
* 10 Communes, but **remember 5 most famous: Pessac, Leognan, Talence, Martillac and Cadaujac**
* Graves - **Graves Superieur *no Red wine only white and sweet***.
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Margaux AOP
5 Communes: **Margaux, Arsac, Cantenac, Soussans, Labarde**
**10% Castets** is allowed in the blend.
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Entre Deux Mers
1. **EDM AOP covers only White**, Reds are Bordeaux AOP or Bordeaux SuperieurAOP
2. The **Sweet Wine Regions** together with Graves are: Sauternes, Barsac, Cerons, Graves Superieur, Cadillac, Loupiac, Ste Croix du Mont, **Cotes de Bordeaux Saint Macaire, Cotes de Bordeaux Sainte Foy, Cotes de Bordeaux Francs** (*All the Cote de Bordeaux sweets*)
3. *Blaye AOP* **ONLY RED**, and *Cotes de Blaye AOP* **ONLY WHITE**
4. *Premieres Cotes de Bordeaux AOP* -- **WHITE ONLY**
5. *Cotes de Bourg AOP and Graves de Vayres AOP* -- Red/White
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Second and Third Wines 1
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Second and Third Wines 2
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Second and Third Wines 3
136
Second and Third Wines 4
137
Second and Third Wines 5
138
Second and Third Wines 6
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Second and Third Wines 7
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Second and Third Wines 8
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Graves Classification
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Sauternes AOP
* The 5 communes are: **Barsac, Preignac, Sauternes, Bommes, Fargues**
* **221g/L Must Weight** and **45g/L RS**, **12% Alc Min** but Potential 15%
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St Emilion Classification
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Second and Third Wines 1
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Second and Third Wines 2
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Second and Third Wines 3
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Rest of Bordeaux (right bank)
* 4 Sa*tellite A*ppellations of St Emilion: Puisseguin, Montagne, Lussac, Saint Georges
* *Pomerol and Lalande de Pomerol AOP* -- **Malbec** in Pomerol is called **Pressac**
* *Fronsac AOP and Canon Fronsac AOP* -- Only Reds from CabS blends
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Native Southwest Grapes (White)
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Native Southwest Grapes (Red)
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Southwest 1
* **Bergerac AOP**
This covers Red, White and Rose. **Cotes de Bergerac AOP** is higher alcohol min.
**Pecharmant AOP** is *Reds only* from Cab F and Cab S.
The *Sweet Wine Regions* within Bergerac are: **Monbazillac AOP (Muscadelle)**, **Saussignac AOP**, **Haut Montravel**, **Cotes de Montravel and Rosette AOP**
**Montravel AOP** is only for dry red and white.
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Southwest 2
* *Cahors AOP* is **Malbec**, *Madiran AOP* is **Tannat**, *Gaillac AOP* makes everything including *sparkling* from **Len de l’El and Ondenc**. Methode Ancestrale is Mauzac, Reds are Syrah based with Duras, Prunelard and Fer
* *Jurancon AOP* is important for *sweet wines* from **Gros and Petit Manseng**. Accessory are Lauzet and Courbu
* *Pacherenc du Vic-Bilh AOP* is also sweet/semi sweet from **Petit Manseng, Petit Courbu and Arrufiac**. The same but dry styles are *Bearn AOP* and *Irouleguy AOP*
* *Marcillac AOP* is **90% Fer**
* *Fronton AOP* is **40% Negrette min**
* *Cotes de Marmandais, Cotes de Duras* and *Buzet AOP* are all Bdx Red Blends
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Western Languedoc
* **Fitou AOP** makes Grenache with Carignan, Syrah & Mourvedre. Split into Fitou Maritime and Fitou Montagneux. **Carignan is strong here**.
* Corbieres AOP is white and red. Red is GSM, Carignan and Lladoner Pelut. Located within is **Corbieres Boutenac AOP** which **has more Carignan**.
* **Minervois AOP** has a smaller appellation within called **Minervois La Liviniere AO**P which requires 0.5% more alcohol.
* **Cabardes AOP** is Grenache based Reds and Roses. But is also famous for Cabernet Sauvignon and Franc. **Malapere AOP** is 50% Merlot and 50% Cab F for Rose.
* **Limoux AOP** has *Merlot Reds*, **Blanquette de Limoux** is **90% Mauzac plus Chardonnay and Chenin Blanc**. **Methode Ancestrale** is **100% Mauzac**. **Cremant de Limoux** is **Mauzac 20%** with *Pinot Noir, Chardonnay and Chenin*
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Eastern Languedoc
* **Languedoc AOP** formerly Coteaux du Languedoc is a catch all with mostly Grenache based wines. **Terrasses du Larzac AOP** and **La Clape AOP** achieved independent AOP from the region.
* **Saint Chinian AOP** is Grenache and Lladoner Pelut. **2 Subzones** that make **RED only** is ***Berlou*** and ***Roqueburn***
* **Faugeres AOP** is Grenache and Carignan, White is Grenache Blanc, Marsanne and Rousanne.
* **Pic Saint Loup AOP** is Syrah, Grenache and Mouvedre
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Languedoc Fortified Regions
The Muscat regions of Languedoc are: **Muscat de Mireval** and **Muscat de Frontignan** (Closest to Coast);
**Muscat Saint-Jean-de-Minervois** and **Muscat de Lunel AOP** are inland and both make a wine called **Muscat de Noel** that must be bottled before Xmas. All 4 are **Muscat a Petits Grains Blanc**
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Roussillon -- Non Fortified AOPs
* The area is mainly GSM as the Red Blend. The whites are Grenache Blanc with Macabeu and **Tourbat** (Malvoisie du Roussillon)
* **Cotes du Roussillon AOP** and **Cotes du Roussillon Villages AOP** are the larger catch all regions. The communes to note within the Villages are: **Caramany, Latour-de-France, Lesquerde, Tautavel, Les Apres.**
* **Collioure AOP** is the other AOP for non fortified wine
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Roussillon -- Fortified AOPs 1
* Rivesaltes AOP: The area is mainly GSM as the Red Blend. The whites are Grenache Blanc with Macabeu, Tourbat, 20% max of Muscat Alex and Muscat Petit Grains.
**Rivesaltes Tuilé(Tawny)** wines must contain a portion of *Grenache Noir*. Must age **oxidatively min 30 mths**. **Rivesaltes Ambré** must age **oxidatively min 30 mths** with *white grapes*; **Rivesaltes Grenat (garnet)** age min 8 mths **reductively**, 100% Grenache Noir; **Rivesaltes Rosé**: fresh, young wines
* A Rivesaltes called ‘**Hors d’Age**’ is either a *Rivesaltes Ambré* or *Tuilé* matured for a **min 5 years**
* **Muscat de Rivesaltes AOP**: **Blend of both Muscats** (Muscat d'Alexandrie & Muscat à petits grains) and **released within a year** -- 100g RS.
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Roussillon -- Fortified AOPs 2
* **Banyuls AOP** is min 50% Grenache based. Blanc and **Rimage (vintage) dated** (like a vintage port) youthful Red Wine is **1yr aging**. Amber and Traditionnel is 3yrs. Hors d’Age is 5yrs.
* **Banyuls Grand Cru AOP** is **75% Grenache Noir** and **30mths min in oak barrels**
* **Maury AOP** is the one that makes **BOTH still red** and **Fortified** wines
