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Gerald AS Preparation > France > Flashcards

France Flashcards

1
Q

Alsace

A
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2
Q

gres de Vosges

A

a local pink sandstone

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3
Q

Other names:
Pinot Blanc
Pinot Gris
Savagnin Rose
Chasselas

A

Pinot Blanc: Klevner; Auxerrois (legally sold under PB label)
Pinot Gris: Tokay d’Alsace
Savagnin Rose: Klevener, Klevener de Heiligenstein
Chasselas: Gutedel

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4
Q

Yields per hectare for AC Alsace and Grand Cru

A

Yields are permitted to 80 hectoliters per hectare (5.9 tons per acre) in Alsace AOC, Grand Cru yield limits are 55 hectoliters per hectare (4.1 tons per acre).

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5
Q

Alsace Grand Cru AOP (Unique Ones)

A

First & Largest Grand Cru: Schlossberg / Riesling / Kientzheim (comunne)
Smallest Grand Cru: Kanzlerberg / Ries, Gewurz/ Bergheim(comunne)
Last Grand Cru (2007): Kaefferkopf / Blends / Ammerschwihr(comunne)
Northernmost Grand Cru: Steinklotz / Ries, Gewurz / Marlenheim(comunne)
Southernmost Grand Cru: Rangen / Ries, PG / Thann(comunne)
Sylvaner Grand Cru: Zotzenberg / Sylvaner / Mittelbergheim(comunne)
Blends Grand Cru: Zotzenberg / Kaefferkopf in Ammerschwihr / Altenberg de Bergheim
Pinot Noir Grand Cru: Kirchberg de Barr in Barr / Hengst in Wintzenheim / Vorbourg in Rouffach (2022 added to Ries, PG and Gewurz)

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6
Q

Unique subzones:
Subzones for Red Wine (Pinot Noir) only
Subzone for Red and White

A

PN only: Saint Hippolyte, Ottrott, Rodern
Red & White: Cote de Rouffach
Subzone for Sylvaner: Blienschwiller and Cotes de Bar
Subzone for Riesling: Wolxheim, Scherwiller
Subzone for Gewurztraminer: Bergheim
Edelzwicker: Blend of Noble varieties may or may not be vintage dated.
Bottles have to be Vin du Rhin or Flute d’Alsace

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7
Q

Cremant d’Alsace

A
  • Grape: Riesling, Pinot Gris, Pinot Blanc, Auxerrois, Pinot Noir and Chardonnay
  • 100% Pinot for Rose sparkling.
  • 1yr aging with 9mths on lees.
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8
Q

Moselle AOP and Cotes de Toul AOP (Lorraine)

A
  • Light reds from Pinot Noir and whites from Auxerrois
  • Rose from Moselle is Gamay and Pinot Noir
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9
Q

Important Clos Vineyards

A
  • Clos Jebsal – PG – Zind Humbrecht
  • Clos St Hune (1983,1989,1997 for VT) – Riesling – Trimbach
  • Clos de la Faille – PN – Albert Mann
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10
Q

Producers and wines 1

A
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11
Q

Producers and wines 2

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12
Q

Jura (6 AOP)

A

6 AOP: Arbois, Chateau Chalon, Cremant du Jura, Cotes du Jura,
Macvin du Jura, l’Etoile AOP
5 main grapes are Savagnin, Chardonnay, Trousseau (trousse – plump), Poulsard (Ploussard) , Pinot Noir

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13
Q

Cotes du Jura AOP

A
  • Poulsard, Trousseau and Pinot for Red, Char and Savagnin for White
  • Vin Jaune only for Savagnin. Vin de Paille cannot have Pinot Noir
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14
Q

Arbois AOP (Ar – Fertile, Bos – Land)

A

First AOP. 11 villages but only one village is allowed to append its name: Pupillin

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15
Q

L’Etoile AOP

A
  • White wine only Appellation, generally bottled late in an oxidative style
  • Communes are: l’Etoile, Plainoiseau, Quintigny and Saint Didier
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16
Q

Chateau Chalon AOP

A
  • Vin Jaune made from Savagnin (Nature), not fortified over flor (voile) for 6yrs minimum. Bottled in Clavelin (62cl)
  • Vin de Paille must be must weight 320gms/l, dried on straw or hung for 6 weeks min, 3yrs aging with 18mths in barrel.
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17
Q

Cremant d’Jura AOP

A

Chardonnay, Pinot Noir and/or Trousseau must be 70%.
12mths aging with 9 mths on lees

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18
Q

Macvin du Jura AOP

A

All 5 grapes can be used. 1/3 Marc (a local brandy aged min 18mths in oak) added to unfermented must. But must is boiled down to 50%. Can be white, red or rose. 12 mths min aging.

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19
Q

Producers and wines

A
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20
Q

Savoie (3 AOP)

A

3 AOPs: Savoie, Rousette de
Savoie, Seyssel

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21
Q

Vin de Savoie AOP

A
  • Swiss side: Marin, Marignan, Ripaille and Crepy is min 80% Chasselas
  • Central: Frangy, Seyssel, Marestel, Monthoux and Monterminod are white based with Altesse and Molette.
  • South: Curve Area is Saint Jeoir du Prieure, Apremont and Chignin (JAC) doing Jacquere. Chignin also has Mondeuse, Gamay and Persan
  • Chignin Begeron (CB) special – do Rousanne 100%. Straight area is Montmelian and Cruet doing Jacquere, Arbin and St Jean de la Porte doing 100% Mondeuse (AS MC)
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22
Q

Cremant de Savoie AOP

A

Made from min 40% Jacquere. The other major grape is Altesse.

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23
Q

Rousette de Savoie AOP

A
  • 100% Rousette aka Altesse.
  • 4 villages: Frangy, Monthoux, Monteminod, Marestel
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24
Q

Seyssel AOP

A

Still is 100% Altesse, Sparkling is Altesse with Molette and Chasselas

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25
Q

Producers and wines

A
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26
Q

Bugey (2 AOP)

A
  • 2 AOPs: Bugey, Rousette de Bugey AOP
  • 3 villages: Manicle (Belley), Montagnieu, Cerdon; village names can append to Bugey
  • Bugey–Cerdon AOP only makes Methode Ancestrale Rose from Gamay and Poulsard
  • Rousette de Bugey AOP – 100% Rousette also known as Altesse.
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27
Q

Producers and wines

A
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28
Q

Burgundy Grapes

A
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29
Q

Bourgogne AOP

A

Villages in the Yonne allowed to append name to Bourgogne: Epineuil, Chitry, La Chapelle Notre Dame, La Chapitre, Cote St Jacques and Montrecul

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30
Q

Coteaux Bourguignon AOP
Bourgogne Hautes Cote de Nuits & Beaune AOP
Cote de Beaune & Cote de Nuits Villages AOP
Bourgogne Aligote AOP
Bourgogne Passe tout grains AOP
Bourgogne Mousseaux AOP

A
  • Coteaux Bourguignon AOP
    Catch all but allowed to blend Gamay inside.
  • Bourgogne Hautes Cote de Nuits & Beaune AOP
    Scattered vineyards over higher slopes
  • Cote de Beaune & Cote de Nuits Villages AOP
    Catch all in the individual regions. Nuits side includes, Brochon, Fixin, Corgoloin, Prissey and Comblanchien.
  • Bourgogne Aligote AOP – 100% Aligote
  • Bourgogne Passe tout grains (pass all grapes) AOP – Pinot 30% Gamay 15% min.
  • Bourgogne Mousseaux AOP – Red ONLY sparkling, traditional method
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31
Q

Chablis & Yonne

A
  • 3 AOP: Petit Chablis, Chablis and Chablis Grand Cru
  • Grand Crus: Bougros, Les Preuses, Vaudesir, Grenouilles, Valmur, Les Clos, Blanchot. La Moutonne is in between Les Preuses and Vaudesir (but essentially in Vaudesir ) owned by Domaine Long-Depaquit (Albert Bichot)
  • Les Clos finest. Followed by Vaudesir and Valmur usually. Bougros fattest.
  • 17 Chablis 1er Crus
  • Irancy AOP – Pinot Noir based reds.
  • St Bris AOP – Sauvignon Blanc and Gris based whites.
  • Verzelay AOP – Chardonnay
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32
Q

Producers and wines

A
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33
Q

Cote d’Or
Important & Unique Crus 1

A
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34
Q

Important & Unique Crus 2

A
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35
Q

Important 1er Crus 1

A
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36
Q

Important 1er Crus 2

A
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37
Q

Important 1er Crus 3

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38
Q

Important Producers 1

A
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39
Q

Important Producers 2

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40
Q

Important Producers 3

A
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41
Q

Important Producers 4

A
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42
Q

Important plots 1

A

Gevery Chambertin
The village of Brochon is an extension of Gevrey-Chambertin, wine is allowed to be labeled gevery chambertin

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43
Q

Important plots 2

A

MSD

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44
Q

Important plots 3

A

Vosne Romanee

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45
Q

Important plots 4

A

Aloxe Corton

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46
Q

Important plots 5

A

Montrachet

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47
Q

Cote Chalonnaise AOP

A

5 AOPs: Bouzeron, Rully, Mercurey, Givry & Montagny
Bouzeron is 100% Aligote and Montagny 100% Chardonnay. The rest can mix.

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48
Q

Maconnais

A
  • Pouilly Fuisse AOP: 4 communes of Chaintre, Solutre-Pouilly, Fuisse, Vergisson
  • Vire Clesse AOP: 4 communes of Vire, Clesse, Laize and Montbellet
  • Pouilly Loche AOP, Pouilly Vinzelles, Saint Veran AOP all Chardonnay 100%
  • Macon AOP has 27 villiages can append their name to Macon:
    Rouge and Rose only: Serrieres
    White only: Fuisse, Loche, Montbellet, Solutre-Pouilly
    All (remember 5): Milly-Lamartine, Pierreclos, Chaintre, Chardonnay, Verze
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49
Q

Important producers

A
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50
Q

Beaujolais AOP

A
  • Blanc is 100% Chardonnay whilst Red/Rose can be a blend of Gamay, Pinot Noir, Melon, Chardonnay, Aligote, Pinot Gris.
  • Gamay there are 2 clones. Gamay de Bouze and Gamay de Chaudenay (more color and tannin)
  • Beaujolais Cru AOP
    (Singapore JC Mother Fuckers, Chinese Man Really Big Cock)
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51
Q

Beaujolais Village Lieux Dits

A

Morgon: Corcelette, Cote du Py
Moulin-a-Vent: Les Roches, La Rochelle
Brouilly: Pisse-Vielle
Fleurie: Champagne, Le Bon Cru

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52
Q

Producers & Wines

A
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53
Q

Northern Rhône

A

The wind is Mistral and the soil on the Northern part near Condrieu is called Arzelle (powdery decomposed Mica)

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54
Q

Cote Rotie AOP

A
  • Split into 3 villages: St Cyr-sur-le-Rhone, Ampuis and Tupin et Semons
  • Schist on the Northern half (darker, more powerful fruit), Granite on the Southern half (floral, elegant also more whites)
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55
Q

Cote Rotie Lieux Dits

A
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56
Q

Condrieu AOP

A

The original 3 communes: Condrieu, Verin and
Saint-Michel-sur-Rhone

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57
Q

Hermitage AOP

A

Red and whites are made here but there is also a Vin de Paille for AOP from Marsanne and Rousanne

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58
Q

Hermitage AOP Lieux Dits

A

L’Hermite, Les Bessards, Le Meal, Les Grandes Vignes, Maison Blanche
Remember minimum 5

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59
Q

Cornas AOP

A

Lieux-dits: Reynard, Chaillot, La Cote

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60
Q

Saint Peray AOP

A

Marsanne & Rousanne made into Sparkling, aged 12mths before release

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61
Q

Clairette de Die AOP

A

Another sparkling Appellation from Clairette.
* Methode Ancestrale has to be 75% Muscat a Petit Grains mixed with Clairette
* Gamay for Rose.

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62
Q

Cremant de Die AOP

A

Clairette
and Muscat blanc Petits Grains

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63
Q

Chatillon-en-Diois AOP (Burgundian grapes)

A

Red, White and Rose are from Chardonnay, Aligote.
Gamay is major red with Syrah and Pinot Noir

64
Q

Producers and wines 1

65
Q

Producers and wines 2

66
Q

Producers and wines 3

67
Q

Southern Rhône

A

CDP became AOC in 1936 (first in
France)

68
Q

Chateauneuf Du Pape AOP

A
  • Remember all 18 grapes allowed!
    Grenache (Noir, Gris, Blanc)
    Syrah, Mourvedre, Cinsault, Counoise, Picpoul (Noir, Gris, Blanc), Clairette,Clairette Rose, Bourboulenc, Muscardin, Picardon, Vaccarese, Terret Noir
  • Communes of Production: Orange, Sorgues, Bedarriddes, Chateauneuf du Pape, Courthezon
69
Q

Cotes-du-Rhone Villages-AOP

A

There are 22 Villages that can append their name to Cotes du Rhone
* Rouge only: Nyons, Puymeras, Sainte-Andeol, Sainte Cecile
* Rouge and Rose: Chusclan
* Both: Sablet

70
Q

Rest of Southern Rhone

A
  • Gigondas, Vacqueyras, Beaumes-de-Venise, Cairanne, Vinsobres AOPs: all are 50% Grenache min. (East of CDP)
  • Tavel and Lirac AOP: both famous for Rose, Tavel only for Rose
71
Q

Fortified wines in South Rhone

A
  • Muscat Beaumes-de-Venise AOPs: Muscat BDV is Vin Doux Naturel Blanc/Rouge/Rose from Muscat a Petit Grains
  • Rasteau AOP: 3 communes –> Rasteau, Sablet and Cairanne; all make fortified VDN wines
  • Amber 3 yrs aging for white, Tuille 3yrs aging for red
  • Hors d’Age must be 5yrs aging
72
Q

Southern Rhone non-sense..

A
  • The big mountain ranges covering all are: Cotes du Vivarais and Grignan les Adhemar AOP (North West and Northern most), Cotes du Ventoux and Cotes du Luberon AOP (South East in order) and Costieres de Nimes AOP (South West). All appellations are GSM/Marsane,Rousanne based but Luberon got Carignan.
  • Clairette de Bellegarde AOP is in Costieres de Nimes AOP with 100% Clairette
  • Laudun AOP is new in 2023 and its Grenache and Marsanne/Roussanne based.
73
Q

Producers and wines

74
Q

Provence

75
Q

Cotes de Provence AOP

A
  • ¾ of production in Provence from here
  • Bottles are known as Skittles or Flute a corset Provencal
  • Rose wines made here must be a blend of at least 2 varieties
  • Rose and red wines under one of the 5 subzone appellation:
    Notre Dame des Anges, La Londe (White Wine), Pierrefeu, Sainte Victoire, Frejus
76
Q

Bandol AOP

A
  • White, rose, best is red
  • Red: 50% min of Mourvedre. Min 18mths in wood. Tempier, Pibarnon are famous.
77
Q

Cotes de Provence Grand Crus

A
  • The Domaine du Jas d’Esclans, at La Motte
  • The Château de Selle, in Taradeau
  • The Château Minuty, in Gassin
  • Le Clos Mireille, in La Londe les Maures
  • Le Clos Cibonne, Le Pradet ; (Tibouren)
78
Q

Rest of Provence

A
  • Coteaux d’aix en Provence AOP: white and red from Grenache and Grenache Blanc blended.
  • Les Baux de Provence AOP: Grenache Blanc, Rousanne, Clairette and Vermentino (Rolle) as its major white
  • Cassis AOP: whites from Clairette and Marsanne(Cassis)
  • Bellet AOP: more Vermentino but the Reds are Braquet and Fuella Nera
  • Palette AOP: white is Picardin, Clairette and Bourboulenc. Reds are Grenache based. Chateau Simone is 80% of acreage.
  • Coteaux Varois en Provence AOP: Red, Whites and Roses
  • Coteaux du Pierrevert AOP: White, Red and Roses also from Grenache based varieties
79
Q

Producers and wines

80
Q

Corsica

A

Warm and Dry Mediterranean climate. Very mountainous terrain

81
Q

Corse or Vin du Corse AOP

A

Catch all zone for Corsica and is split into 5 subzones: Calvi, Figari, Porto-Vecchio, Coteaux du Cap Corse, Sartene

82
Q

Muscat du Cap Corse AOP

A

Vin doux naturel from Muscat a Petits Grains
Blanc

83
Q

Ajaccio AOP

A

White, red and rose
Whites from Vermentino (Malvoisie de
Corse) and Ugni Blanc (Rossola). Reds from Sciaccarello (Mammolo) and Nielluccio (Sangiovese)

84
Q

Patrimonio AOP

A

100% Vermentino (Malvoisie de Corse) for white and mainly Nielluccio (Sangiovese) for Reds

85
Q

Producers and wines

86
Q

Champagne

87
Q

Important incidents of Champagne

A
  • 1806 Remuage invented by Clicquot
  • 1848 Perrier Jouet made the first Brut Champagne
  • 1885 Perrier Jouet sells 3x the price of Lafite in Christie’s
  • In 1882 and 1912 the Syndicat du Commerce des vins de Champagne and Negociants en vins de Champagne were formed. The two merged in 1945 but in 1964, the former declared themselves the Syndicat de Grande Marques de Champagne.
88
Q

Champagne AOP

A
  • Grape: PN, Char, Pinot Meunier, PB, PG , Arbane, Petit Meslier. 5% of Voltis allowed for adaptation.
  • NV wines are 15 months from tirage – 12 mths in lees – and Vintage wines are 36 months from tirage
  • Permitted Training methods are Chablis, Cordon Royat, Vallee de la Marne (Meunier only), Guyot (simple or Double)
  • Champagne soil is Micraster and Belemnite Chalk
  • Maximum pressing is 2550L from 4000kg of grapes (1 Marc)
89
Q

Champagne Terms

A
  • Blocage / Deblocage – Storing or releasing of wines in storage for future use
  • Rebeche – The third pressing required by law. 0-10% of the crop and can only be used for distillate
  • Crayere – Chalk cellars. Includes: Ruinart, Pommery and etc
90
Q

Champagne AOP Grand Cru

A
  • Montagne de Reims: Mailly, Sillery, Louvois, Verzy, Beaumont sur Vesle, Ambonnay, Verzenay, Bouzy and Puisieulx
    (My Silly Lover Very Booby And Very Beautiful Pussy…)
  • Cote des Blancs: Chouilly, Oger, Cramant, Oiry, Les Mesnil Sur Oger, Avize
  • Vallee de la Marne: Ay, Tour sur Marne (red grapes only)
91
Q

Champagne AOP Premier Cru (Must remember a few)

A
  • Montagne de Reims: Chigny-les-Roses, Ecueil, Ludes, Trepail, Vrigny
  • Cote des Blancs: Vertus, Cuis
  • Vallee de la Marne: Cumieres, Dizy, Hautvillers, Mareuil-sur-Ay
92
Q

Prestige Cuvees 1

93
Q

Prestige Cuvees 2

94
Q

Monoparcel Champagnes

95
Q

Champagne bottle sizes

96
Q

Champagne Sugar Level

97
Q

Champagne Special Club (Club Tresors de Champagne)

A

Paul Bara, Forget Chemin, Pierre Gimonnet, Larmandier Pere et Fils, J.Lasalle, Nomine-Renard, Salmon

98
Q

Champagne still wine

A
  • Coteaux Champenois AOP: 635 communes making Blanc, Rose and Rouge wines from Champagne grapes
  • Rose des Riceys AOP: Whole bunch semi carbonic maceration, vinified Still Rose Wine from 100% Pinot Noir only. Only permitted commune is Les Riceys.
99
Q

Loire

A

Quincy – the first to receive AOP status in
1936

100
Q

Pays Nantais

A

4 Muscadet production zones: Muscadet AOP, Muscadet Sevre et Maine AOP, Muscadet Cotes de Grandlieu AOP, Muscadet Coteaux de la Loire AOP

101
Q

Muscadet AOP

A

70% of all plantings in Pay Nantais.
90% Melon B with 10% Chardonnay

102
Q

Muscadet Sevre-et-Maine AOP

A
  • 100% Melon B 7 subzones: Clisson, Le Pallet, Gorges (Original 3), Goulaine, Mouzillon-Tillieres, Monnieres-Saint-Fiacre, Chateau-Thebaud
  • Wines must be aged on lees for min of 2yrs
103
Q

Muscadet Coteaux de la Loire AOP & Muscadet Cotes de Grandlieu AOP

A

100% Melon B aged 1 yr on lees

104
Q

Coteaux d’Ancenis AOP

A

Makes mostly semi sweet wine from Malvoisie (Pinot Gris). Reds and Roses are usually100% Gamay with a small proportion of Cabernet Franc

105
Q

Gros Plant du Pays Nantais

A

Traditional dry wines from Gros Plant (Folle Blanche) sometimes up to 10% Colombard added

106
Q

Fief Vendeens AOP

A
  • 5 subzones: Brem, Chantonnay, Mareuil, Pissotte, Vix
  • Whites from Chenin and Chardonnay
  • Reds from Gamay and Pinot Noir. Complimentary min 10% Negrette
107
Q

Anjou Saumur

A
  • Country’s second largest Rose production after Provence; CB dominant, CF for reds and rose. Also with Char, SB, CS, Grolleau, and Pineau d’Aunis.
  • Loire is the main river with Layon and Aubance tributaries contributing to the climate for making sweet wines.
108
Q

Rose d’Anjou AOP, Cabernet d’Anjou AOP, Rose de Loire

A
  • Rose d’Anjou AOP: Cabs, Grolleau, Gamay, Pineau d’Aunis – Min 7g/L RS.
  • Cabernet d’Anjou AOP: Cab Franc and Cab Sauv based – Min 10g/L RS.
  • Rose de Loire: same grapes as the two above, but dry with Max 3g/L RS.
109
Q

Anjou AOP, Anjou Brissac AOP & Anjou Villages AOP

A
  • Anjou AOP: Catch all region for Rose, Reds, Whites, Sparkling and Sweet.
  • Anjou Brissac AOP/Anjou Villages AOP: Red only region based on Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet Franc
110
Q

Coteaux du Layon 1

A
  • Coteaux du Layon: 8 appellations for Sweet Wine all from 100% Chenin Blanc
  • Coteaux du Layon AOP: Catch all 13 Communes in the appellation for Chenin blanc based sweet wines
  • Coteaux du Layon Villages AOP: 6 Villages can append the name
    Beaulieu-sur-Layon, Rablay-sur-Layon, Faye d’Anjou, Rochefort-sur-Loire, Saint Aubin-de-Luigne, Saint Lambert-du-Lattay
111
Q

Coteaux du Layon 2

A
  • Coteaux du Layon 1er Cru Chaume AOP: Min RS 80g/L, sweeter than the rest of Coteaux du Layon. Chaptalization not allowed.
  • Quarts de Chaume Grand Cru AOP: Min RS 85g/L, slightly lower yield.
  • Bonnezeaux AOP: 80ha at min 51g/L RS
  • Coteaux l’Aubance AOP and Coteaux de Saumur AOP: Both at 34g/L
112
Q

Savennieres AOP, Coulee de Serrant AOP, Roche aux Moines AOP

A
  • Savennieres AOP: 100% CB of dry, semi dry and sweet styles
  • Coulee de Serrant AOP: monopole by Nicolas Joly
  • Roche aux Moines AOP: is shared among a few producers
113
Q

Saumur AOP

A
  • Whites are 100% Chenin but reds are 70% Cfranc with CS and Pineau d’Aunis; Famous single vineyard is “Breze”
  • Saumur mousseaux is known as Fines Bulles – CB for white and CF for rose. Aged 9 mths under Tuffeau cellars.
  • Cremant de Loire – same requirement as Saumur mousseaux, need hand harvest
114
Q

Saumur Puy Notre-Dame, Saumur-Champigny AOP, Haut-Poitou AOP

A
  • Saumur Puy Notre-Dame: 85% Cab Franc but not AOP yet
  • Saumur-Champigny AOP: Most famous red wine appellation with clay and tuffeau in the soils, warmer temperatures. 85% min but usually almost always 100% Cab Franc. Clos Rougeard is located here.
  • Haut-Poitou AOP: only AOP in Anjou known for Sauvignon blanc
115
Q

Touraine AOP

A
  • higher use CB and CF close to the west, SB and Gamay increases as we head Eastwards towards the Central Vineyards
  • 5 subzones: Oisly, Mesland, Amboise, Azay-le-Rideau, Chenonceaux (MACAO)
  • Touraine Noble-Joue AOP – Rose made from Pinot Meunier and known locally as Vin Gris.
  • Bourgueil AOP mostly on chalky clay soil, and Saint Nicolas de Bourgueil AOP mostly on gravel-silt by the river. Thus St Nicolas slightly lighter. CF dominate.
  • Chinon AOP – largest red wine AOP in Loire. CF dominates, can use up to 25% new oak. Rose also made.
  • Vouvray AOP: Tuffeau(chalky) Limestone most important; Best soils are on the slopes, known as Perruche made from mixture of clay-flint.
116
Q

Rest of Tourine

A
  • Montlouis sur Loire AOP: White wine only region for Chenin Blanc. Still, Sparkling from dry to sweet
  • Cheverny AOP: Predominantly from SB, reds from PN.
  • Cour Cheverny AOP: producing whites from Romorantin
  • Jasnieres AOP: CB
  • Coteaux du Vendoimois: Pineau d’Aunis is most distinctive
  • Valencay – Cot (Malbec)
117
Q

Central Vineyards

A
  • Sancerre AOP: Terres Blanche (limestone and clay), Caillottes (limestone pebbles), Silex (flint stone) – red/rose made with PN.
  • Pouilly Fume AOP: earlier ripening than Sancerre. 2 famous communes – Pouilly sur Loire and Saint Andelain (Didier Dageneau)
  • Pouilly sur Loire – home to Chasselas.
  • Menetou Salon AOP and Reuilly AOP – white for SB, red for PN. Quincy AOP – only white for SB.
118
Q

Rest of Central Vineyards

A
  • Coteaux du Giennois AOP: SB, PN, Gamay
  • Orleans AOP is Pinot Meunier based whilst Orleans Clery AOP is Cabernet Franc based.
  • Chateaumeillant AOP: Gamay and Pinot noir. Making red and Rose only
119
Q

Central France

A
  • Saint Pourcain AOP: Gamay and Pinot Noir. Chardonnay and Tressalier (Sacy) for whites
  • Cotes d’Auvergne AOP: Chardonnay , Gamay and Pinot Noir. 5 subzones: Corent (Rose ONLY)
120
Q

Cognac, Armagnac & Other Eau de Vie

A
  • brandwijn: burnt wine
  • Cognac 1936 become AOC
121
Q

Cognac regions

A
  1. Grande Champagne – Campanian Chalk
  2. Petite Champagne
  3. Borderies – groies soil( clay with chalk)
  4. Fins Bois
  5. Bons Bois
  6. Bois Ordinaries
    Grape: Ugni Blanc, Folle Blanche, Colombard, Montils, Semillon and Folignan (max 10%)
122
Q

Cognac terms

123
Q

Cognac ageing

124
Q

Armagnac AOP

A
  • 3 Regions: Bas Armagnac, Haut Armagnac,
    Armagnac Tenareze AOP
  • Grapes: Ugni Blanc, Folle Blanche, Colombard, Baco Noir
  • Blanche Armagac is 3mths, clear white Armagnac
  • VS: 1-3yrs, VSOP: 4-9yrs, XO: 10yrs, Vintage: 10yrs
125
Q

Calvados AOP

A
  • 3 Appellations: Calvados (apple or pear) , Calvados Domfrontais (apple plus 30% pear) and Pays d’Auge (apple plus 30% pear)
  • Min age 2yrs. Vieux is 3yrs, Vielle Reserve or VSOP is 4yrs, Hors d’age is 6yrs
126
Q

Martinique AOP

A

Rhum from Martinique. Aging: Blanc - 8weeks, Sous Bois - 12 mths oak min, Rhum Ambre - 18 mths oak, Hors d’Age - 3 yrs min.

127
Q

Bordeaux mixture

A

slaked lime and copper sulphate – to prevent downy mildew, powdery mildew and other fungi

128
Q

Haut Benauge

129
Q

Bordeaux AOP

A
  1. Main White Grapes (4): Sauvignon Blanc, Semillon, Muscadelle, Sauvignon Gris
  2. Accessory White Grapes (5): Ugni Blanc, Merlot Blanc, Colombard, Alvarinho, Liliorila (New)
  3. Main red (6)
  4. Accessory Red Grapes (4): Arinarnoa, Castets, Marselan, Touriga Nacional (New)
  5. Cremant de Bordeaux AOP – only classic grapes are used
  6. Medoc Blanc AOP – New in 2023, Classic white grapes with accessories of Chardonnay, Petit and Gros Manseng
130
Q

Pessac Leognan AOP

A
  • AOP in 1987
  • 10 Communes, but remember 5 most famous: Pessac, Leognan, Talence, Martillac and Cadaujac
  • Graves - Graves Superieur no Red wine only white and sweet.
131
Q

Margaux AOP

A

5 Communes: Margaux, Arsac, Cantenac, Soussans, Labarde
10% Castets is allowed in the blend.

132
Q

Entre Deux Mers

A
  1. EDM AOP covers only White, Reds are Bordeaux AOP or Bordeaux SuperieurAOP
  2. The Sweet Wine Regions together with Graves are: Sauternes, Barsac, Cerons, Graves Superieur, Cadillac, Loupiac, Ste Croix du Mont, Cotes de Bordeaux Saint Macaire, Cotes de Bordeaux Sainte Foy, Cotes de Bordeaux Francs (All the Cote de Bordeaux sweets)
  3. Blaye AOP ONLY RED, and Cotes de Blaye AOP ONLY WHITE
  4. Premieres Cotes de Bordeaux AOP – WHITE ONLY
  5. Cotes de Bourg AOP and Graves de Vayres AOP – Red/White
133
Q

Second and Third Wines 1

134
Q

Second and Third Wines 2

135
Q

Second and Third Wines 3

136
Q

Second and Third Wines 4

137
Q

Second and Third Wines 5

138
Q

Second and Third Wines 6

139
Q

Second and Third Wines 7

140
Q

Second and Third Wines 8

141
Q

Graves Classification

142
Q

Sauternes AOP

A
  • The 5 communes are: Barsac, Preignac, Sauternes, Bommes, Fargues
  • 221g/L Must Weight and 45g/L RS, 12% Alc Min but Potential 15%
143
Q

St Emilion Classification

144
Q

Second and Third Wines 1

145
Q

Second and Third Wines 2

146
Q

Second and Third Wines 3

147
Q

Rest of Bordeaux (right bank)

A
  • 4 Satellite Appellations of St Emilion: Puisseguin, Montagne, Lussac, Saint Georges
  • Pomerol and Lalande de Pomerol AOP – Malbec in Pomerol is called Pressac
  • Fronsac AOP and Canon Fronsac AOP – Only Reds from CabS blends
148
Q

Native Southwest Grapes (White)

149
Q

Native Southwest Grapes (Red)

150
Q

Southwest 1

A
  • Bergerac AOP
    This covers Red, White and Rose. Cotes de Bergerac AOP is higher alcohol min.
    Pecharmant AOP is Reds only from Cab F and Cab S.
    The Sweet Wine Regions within Bergerac are: Monbazillac AOP (Muscadelle), Saussignac AOP, Haut Montravel, Cotes de Montravel and Rosette AOP
    Montravel AOP is only for dry red and white.
151
Q

Southwest 2

A
  • Cahors AOP is Malbec, Madiran AOP is Tannat, Gaillac AOP makes everything including sparkling from Len de l’El and Ondenc. Methode Ancestrale is Mauzac, Reds are Syrah based with Duras, Prunelard and Fer
  • Jurancon AOP is important for sweet wines from Gros and Petit Manseng. Accessory are Lauzet and Courbu
  • Pacherenc du Vic-Bilh AOP is also sweet/semi sweet from Petit Manseng, Petit Courbu and Arrufiac. The same but dry styles are Bearn AOP and Irouleguy AOP
  • Marcillac AOP is 90% Fer
  • Fronton AOP is 40% Negrette min
  • Cotes de Marmandais, Cotes de Duras and Buzet AOP are all Bdx Red Blends
152
Q

Western Languedoc

A
  • Fitou AOP makes Grenache with Carignan, Syrah & Mourvedre. Split into Fitou Maritime and Fitou Montagneux. Carignan is strong here.
  • Corbieres AOP is white and red. Red is GSM, Carignan and Lladoner Pelut. Located within is Corbieres Boutenac AOP which has more Carignan.
  • Minervois AOP has a smaller appellation within called Minervois La Liviniere AOP which requires 0.5% more alcohol.
  • Cabardes AOP is Grenache based Reds and Roses. But is also famous for Cabernet Sauvignon and Franc. Malapere AOP is 50% Merlot and 50% Cab F for Rose.
  • Limoux AOP has Merlot Reds, Blanquette de Limoux is 90% Mauzac plus Chardonnay and Chenin Blanc. Methode Ancestrale is 100% Mauzac. Cremant de Limoux is Mauzac 20% with Pinot Noir, Chardonnay and Chenin
153
Q

Eastern Languedoc

A
  • Languedoc AOP formerly Coteaux du Languedoc is a catch all with mostly Grenache based wines. Terrasses du Larzac AOP and La Clape AOP achieved independent AOP from the region.
  • Saint Chinian AOP is Grenache and Lladoner Pelut. 2 Subzones that make RED only is Berlou and Roqueburn
  • Faugeres AOP is Grenache and Carignan, White is Grenache Blanc, Marsanne and Rousanne.
  • Pic Saint Loup AOP is Syrah, Grenache and Mouvedre
154
Q

Languedoc Fortified Regions

A

The Muscat regions of Languedoc are: Muscat de Mireval and Muscat de Frontignan (Closest to Coast);
Muscat Saint-Jean-de-Minervois and Muscat de Lunel AOP are inland and both make a wine called Muscat de Noel that must be bottled before Xmas. All 4 are Muscat a Petits Grains Blanc

155
Q

Roussillon – Non Fortified AOPs

A
  • The area is mainly GSM as the Red Blend. The whites are Grenache Blanc with Macabeu and Tourbat (Malvoisie du Roussillon)
  • Cotes du Roussillon AOP and Cotes du Roussillon Villages AOP are the larger catch all regions. The communes to note within the Villages are: Caramany, Latour-de-France, Lesquerde, Tautavel, Les Apres.
  • Collioure AOP is the other AOP for non fortified wine
156
Q

Roussillon – Fortified AOPs 1

A
  • Rivesaltes AOP: The area is mainly GSM as the Red Blend. The whites are Grenache Blanc with Macabeu, Tourbat, 20% max of Muscat Alex and Muscat Petit Grains.
    Rivesaltes Tuilé(Tawny) wines must contain a portion of Grenache Noir. Must age oxidatively min 30 mths. Rivesaltes Ambré must age oxidatively min 30 mths with white grapes; Rivesaltes Grenat (garnet) age min 8 mths reductively, 100% Grenache Noir; Rivesaltes Rosé: fresh, young wines
  • A Rivesaltes called ‘Hors d’Age’ is either a Rivesaltes Ambré or Tuilé matured for a min 5 years
  • Muscat de Rivesaltes AOP: Blend of both Muscats (Muscat d’Alexandrie & Muscat à petits grains) and released within a year – 100g RS.
157
Q

Roussillon – Fortified AOPs 2

A
  • Banyuls AOP is min 50% Grenache based. Blanc and Rimage (vintage) dated (like a vintage port) youthful Red Wine is 1yr aging. Amber and Traditionnel is 3yrs. Hors d’Age is 5yrs.
  • Banyuls Grand Cru AOP is 75% Grenache Noir and 30mths min in oak barrels
  • Maury AOP is the one that makes BOTH still red and Fortified wines

Gerald AS Preparation (31 decks)

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