Portugal

Question 1

Ageing terms
Garrafeira: portugal meaning a ‘private wine cellar’ or ‘reserve’ – exceptional year

Answer 1

Garrafeira Tinto: 30 months with 12 months in bottle
Garrafeira Branco/Rosado: 12 months with 6 months in bottle
Garrafeira for Port: 3-4 yrs in barrel followed by 8 years in glass demijohns
Tradicional Method Sparkling Reserva: 12mth on lees minimum before disgorgement

Question 2

Red Grape Varieties

Answer 2

Question 3

White Grape Varieties

Answer 3

Question 4

Minho Region: 1 DOP

Answer 4

Vinho Verde DOP

Question 5

Portugal wine map

Answer 5

Question 6

Vinho Verde DO

Answer 6

• 9 subregions: Ave, Amarante, Basta, Baiao, Cavado, Moncao, Melgaco, Lima, Paiva, Sousa
• White Grapes used are Alvarinho, Loureiro, Trajadura, Avesso and Arinto
• Red: Amaral, Espadeiro, Padeiro
• Vines are grown overhead in a method called Enforcado.

Question 7

Transmontano Region: 1 DOP

Answer 7

• 1 DOP: Tras os Montes DOP
• 3 subregions: Chaves, Valpacos, Planalta Mirandes (Mountainchain, Valley, Plain)
• Reds are Touriga Nacional, Tinta Roriz…

Question 8

Duriense Region:2 DOP

Answer 8

2 DOP : Duoro DOP and Porto DOP

Question 9

Duoro DOP

Answer 9

• 3 subregions: Baixo Corgo (west, most densely planted), Cima Corgo (middle with highest acreage) and Duoro Superior (hottest, arid and sparsely planted)
• Main red grapes are: Touriga Nacional, Touriga Franca, Tinta Roriz, Tinta Cao and Tinta Barroca
• Main White grapes are: Malvasia Fina, Rabigato, Viosinho and Gouveio

Question 10

Porto DOP

Answer 10

• For Porto, the preferred red grapes are Touriga Nacional, Touriga Francesa, Tinta Roriz, Tinta Cão, Tinta Barroca, Tinta Amarela, Tinta Francisca, Bastardo and Mourisco Tinto. (2 Touriga, 5 Tinta, 1 Bastard 1 Maurice)
• The white grapes are: Gouveio(Verdelho), Malvasia Fina, Viosinho, Rabigato, Esgana Cão, and Folgasão.
• Grapes are grown on Patamares (large terraces that can be navigated by tractor)
• They are crushed in low open granite troughs called Lagares traditionally
• The grapes are fermented a quick 2-3 days before being drained off the skins and prepared for Beneficio (the fortification of wine with spirit). Aguardente is used (77% grape spirit) in a 1:4 ratio.
• They are then put into a Port Pipe (550L), at Vila Nova de Gaia it is 620L. For shipping it is 532.24 Litres

Question 11

Styles of
Port (must study)

Answer 11

Question 12

Famous Port Producers and Quintas

Answer 12

1. Dow’s – Quinta do Bomfim
2. Graham’s – Quinta dos Malvedos
3. Warre – Quinta da Cavadinha
4. Taylor’s – Quinta de Vargellas

Declared Port Vintages: 2000,03,07 / 2011,16,17
1991,4,7 / 1980,3,5 / 1970,5,7 / 1963,66,67 / 1945/48

Question 13

Beira Atlantico: 1DOP

Answer 13

• 1 DOP: Bairrada DOP
• 1 subregion: Terras de Sico
• Reds are Alfrocheiro and Baga, Whites are Bical and Sercial

Question 14

Terras de Dao: 2 DOP

Answer 14

• 2 DOP: Dao DOP and Lafoes DOP
• Dao DOP: Reds are Alfrocheiro, Aragonez (Tempranillo), Jaen (Mencia), Rufete. Whites are Bical, Cercial, Malvasia Fina
• Lafoes DOP: Red is Amaral and Jaen, Pilongo. White is Arinto and Cercial

Question 15

Terras de Cister: 1 DOP

Answer 15

1 DOP of Tavora-Varosa making sparkling wines from Aragonez, Pinot Noir, Touriga Nacional, Bical, Arinto, Chardonnay.

Question 16

Terras da Beira

Answer 16

1 DOP of Beiras Interior with 3 subzones: Beira Castelo Rodrigo, Cova de Beira, Pinhel

Question 17

Lisboa: 9 DOP

Answer 17

• 9 DOPs: Bucelas, Carcavelos, Colares, Arruda, Alenquer (Near Lisboa) AACCB
  Encostas d’Aire, Torres Vedras, Obidos and Lourinha (North) LOTE
• Bucelas DOP: Dry whites with 75% min Arinto and Espumoso
• Colares DOP: No phylloxera. Ramisco(Red) and Malvasia(white) planted in trenches near the coast Chao
• Carcavelos DOP: Makes red and white fortified wines. Wines are fermented dry and fortified with vinhos abafado (partially fermented must preserved with alcohol).
  Red grapes used are Castelao and Preto Martinho (Negra Mole)
  White grapes used are Arinto, Galego Dourado and Ratinho
  Aged 2 yrs in barrel and 6 months in bottle after fortification
• Encostas d’Aire DOP Makes a wine Medieval de Ourema red and white wine made co-fermented with Trincadeira and Fernao Pires.
• Lourinha DOP Makes Aguardente more than wine from Cabinda (red) and Alicante Branco.
• Obidos DOP
  Makes Espumoso from Arinto
• Alenquer / Arruda / Torres Vedras DOP
  Aragonez and Arinto as main grapes

Question 18

Peninsula de Setubal: 2 DOP

Answer 18

1. Palmela DOP and Setubal DOP
2. Palmela DOP: Castelao(Red) is the principal grape, Fernao Pires and Arinto are the whites.
3. Setubal DOP:
   Made similarly like Madeira through the Torna Viagem process (wines make a journey, journey by ships in the tropics).
   Min 67% Moscatel de Setubal (Alejandria) or Moscatel Roxo with 6 months maceration on skins.

Question 19

Tejo Region: 1 DOP

Answer 19

• 1 DOP: Tejo DOP
• Castelao and Fernao Pires are the main cultivars with everything local and international allowed.

Question 20

Alentejo Region (important): 1 DOP

Answer 20

• 1 DOP: Alentejo DOP
• Hot and arid. With irrigation necessary.
• 8 subregions: Portalegre (most north and best), Borba, Redondo, Evora (All Alto Alentejo). Reguengos, Moura, Granja-Amarela, Vidiguera (All Baixo Alentejo)
• Trincadeira(Amarela) and Fernao Pires(white) are the main 2 grapes

Question 21

Algarve Region: 4 DOP

Answer 21

• 4 DOPs west to east: Lagos, Portimao, Lagoa and Tavira DOP
• Hot coastal seaside climate not suitable for fine wines.
• Castelao and Tinta Negra Mole are main red cultivars whilst Arinto and Siria are for whites

Question 22

Acores / Azores (islands)
3 DOP

Answer 22

• 3 DOPs: Volcanic soils on 9 different islands. 3 of them are DOPs – Biscoitos, Pico, Graciosa DOP
• Pico DOP is most famous for fortified white wines
• Vines are grown in Currai (walls built from black volcanic stone)

Question 23

Terras Madeirenses: 2 DOP

Answer 23

• 2 DOPs: Madeira and Madeirense DOP

Question 24

Madeirenses DOP

Answer 24

• This is the unfortified DOP for the Madeira archipelago. Red, White and Rosé is produced here
• Grape varietals include Tinta Negra Mole, Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Verdelho and Arnsburger (Riesling Crossing)

Question 25

Madeira DOP

Answer 25

* Grown on terraces called **poios** and suspended on low trellises called *latadas* * Grapes are hand harvested and made in one of 8 companies registered to produce Madeira with the IVBAM. * Wines are then either sold by a trader or **Partidistas (a person who stores and ages Madeira and then resells)** * The grapes used are **Sercial** (Esgana Cao), **Boal** (Bual/Malvasia Fina), **Malmsey** (Malvasia de Sao Jorge) ,**Verdelho** and **Terrantez** for *white* and **Tinta Negra Mole** for *red*. * Wines are *fermented on skins for Malvasia and Boal for a short period* before 96% abv grape spirit is added to fortify them leaving a desired sweetness. * After fermentation the wine goes through the **Estufagem** or **Canteiro** process.

Question 26

Estufagem Process

Answer 26

* Wines are placed in tanks where heated coils run through at 45-50 Celsius and held for 3 months. The wines caramelize and gives the estufa wine its character. After 90 days minimum of rest, the wines are transferred to cask for 2 years before release. * Armazens de calor is a more delicate process where the wines are warmed gently in a room over 1 year

Question 27

Canteiro Method

Answer 27

* Wines are placed in casks in warm rooms and aged for at least 2 years in lodge attics. *Vinhos de Canteiro can be released after a minimum of 3yrs of age.* * ***Frasqueiras* are Vinhos de Canteiro that have been aged for 20yrs** at minimum

Question 28

Styles of Madeira 1

Answer 28

Question 29

Styles of Madeira 2

Answer 29

Question 30

Madeira producers

Answer 30

Question 31

Famous Producers & Wines 1

Answer 31

Question 32

Famous Producers & Wines 2

Answer 32