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XY1110 > vitamins lecture 3 > Flashcards

vitamins lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the examples of Fat soluble vitamins?

A

A, D3, D2, E,K

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2
Q

what is an example of vitamin A?

A

retinol

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3
Q

where is the fat soluble vitamins absorbed in?

A

SI

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4
Q

what are FSV?

A

antioxidant

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5
Q

where do the FSV dissolve in?

A

lipids

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6
Q

where do the FSV circulates in?

A

lymph

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7
Q

where do the excessive FSV accumulate in?

A

liver and adipose

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8
Q

what is an active form of vitamin A?

A

retinal and retinoic acid

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9
Q

where are the vitamin A stored in?

A

liver

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10
Q

what are the functions of vitamin A?

A

synthesis of RNA
embryonic development
reproduction

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11
Q

what are the two types of vitamin A?

A

retinoids
carotenoids

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12
Q

what are the e.g. in retinoids?

A

retinol
retinal
retinoic acid

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13
Q

what are the e.g. in carotenoids?

A

provitamins A
nonprovitamins A

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14
Q

what are retinol?

A

they are preformed vitamin A that can be synthesised from retinal.

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15
Q

what can retinal be converted to?

A

retinoic acid

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16
Q

what is the regulation of vitamin A?

A

chylomicrons- lymph- thoracic duct-blood(muscles, adipose, eyes), then the unused vitamin A will go to the liver.

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17
Q

what are the sources of vitamin A:

A

lutein
lycopene
beta carotene

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18
Q

if you intake appropriate amount of lutein what does it result to?

A

decreased growth of breast tumours
decreases muscle degeneration

19
Q

what food are examples of lutein?

A

dark, green leafy vegetables.

20
Q

if you intake appropriate amount of lycopene which does it result to?

A

decreases risk of prostate cancer

21
Q

what are the examples of lycopene?

A

tomatoes, grapefruit and apricots

22
Q

what are the examples of beta carotene?

A

carrots and sweet potatoes

23
Q

what disorders does deficiency in vitamin A cause?

A

night blindness/ nyctalopia

increased risk of infections

xerophthalmia

hyperkeratosis.

24
Q

what does what is night blindness caused by?

A

deficiency in retinal

25
Q

what are the two examples of toxicity in vitamin A?

A

carotenoid toxicity
retinoic acid/isotretinoin

26
Q

what are the negative effects of carotenoid toxicity?

A

blurred vision
liver abnormalities
reduce strength in the bones
birth defects
risk of lung cancer
hypercarotemia

27
Q

what are the negative effects of retinoic acid/ isotretinoin toxicity?

A

reduced size of sebaceous glands - decreases oil production
improves ance

28
Q

what is an example of vitamin D?

A

cholecalciferol

29
Q

what is the deficiency caused by Vitamin D?

A

rickets

30
Q

what are the functions of vitamin D?

A

exposed to sunlight vitamin D synthesised to the skin

regulates the absorption of Ca2+ during bone formation.

enhances the immune system

improves muscle strength

31
Q

what hormone is vitamin D activated by?

A

parathyroid hormone

32
Q

what is an example of vitamin E?

A

Tocopherol

33
Q

what deficiency is caused by deficiency of vitamin E?

A

hemolysis and anaemia
oxidative degradation of polyunsaturated membrane phospholipids.

34
Q

what is the function of vitamin E?

A

synthesised by plants
most found in fatty tissues
antioxidant properties
provide integrity to the membrane

35
Q

what does antioxidant property in vitamin E do?

A

reduces division of oxygen reagents and free radicals

protects polyunsaturated fatty acids in membrane phospholipids from oxidative damage

36
Q

what is an example of vitamin K ?

A

menaquinone

37
Q

what are the types of vitamin K?

A

K1

K2

38
Q

what are vitamin K1 synthesised by?

A

plants

39
Q

what are vitamin K2 synthesised by?

A

gram positive bacteria in ileum and jejunum

40
Q

what is vitamin K2 needed for?

A

synthesis of zymogens for blood clotting.

41
Q

what are the functions of vitamin K?

A

normal blood clotting

provides bone structure

cell signalling

lipid metabolism

42
Q

what do vitamin K do ?

A

carboxylates and activates clotting factors

43
Q

what are vitamin K essential for?

A

post translation modifications

44
Q

what are the deficiency caused by vitamin K ?

A

clotting disorders

decreased bone mineral density

menorrhagia

XY1110 (30 decks)

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