vitamins lecture 3

Question 1

what are the examples of Fat soluble vitamins?

Answer 1

A, D3, D2, E,K

Question 2

what is an example of vitamin A?

Answer 2

retinol

Question 3

where is the fat soluble vitamins absorbed in?

Answer 3

SI

Question 4

what are FSV?

Answer 4

antioxidant

Question 5

where do the FSV dissolve in?

Answer 5

lipids

Question 6

where do the FSV circulates in?

Answer 6

lymph

Question 7

where do the excessive FSV accumulate in?

Answer 7

liver and adipose

Question 8

what is an active form of vitamin A?

Answer 8

retinal and retinoic acid

Question 9

where are the vitamin A stored in?

Answer 9

liver

Question 10

what are the functions of vitamin A?

Answer 10

synthesis of RNA
embryonic development
reproduction

Question 11

what are the two types of vitamin A?

Answer 11

retinoids
carotenoids

Question 12

what are the e.g. in retinoids?

Answer 12

retinol
retinal
retinoic acid

Question 13

what are the e.g. in carotenoids?

Answer 13

provitamins A
nonprovitamins A

Question 14

what are retinol?

Answer 14

they are preformed vitamin A that can be synthesised from retinal.

Question 15

what can retinal be converted to?

Answer 15

retinoic acid

Question 16

what is the regulation of vitamin A?

Answer 16

chylomicrons- lymph- thoracic duct-blood(muscles, adipose, eyes), then the unused vitamin A will go to the liver.

Question 17

what are the sources of vitamin A:

Answer 17

lutein
lycopene
beta carotene

Question 18

if you intake appropriate amount of lutein what does it result to?

Answer 18

decreased growth of breast tumours
decreases muscle degeneration

Question 19

what food are examples of lutein?

Answer 19

dark, green leafy vegetables.

Question 20

if you intake appropriate amount of lycopene which does it result to?

Answer 20

decreases risk of prostate cancer

Question 21

what are the examples of lycopene?

Answer 21

tomatoes, grapefruit and apricots

Question 22

what are the examples of beta carotene?

Answer 22

carrots and sweet potatoes

Question 23

what disorders does deficiency in vitamin A cause?

Answer 23

night blindness/ nyctalopia

increased risk of infections

xerophthalmia

hyperkeratosis.

Question 24

what does what is night blindness caused by?

Answer 24

deficiency in retinal

Question 25

what are the two examples of toxicity in vitamin A?

Answer 25

carotenoid toxicity retinoic acid/isotretinoin

Question 26

what are the negative effects of carotenoid toxicity?

Answer 26

blurred vision liver abnormalities reduce strength in the bones birth defects risk of lung cancer hypercarotemia

Question 27

what are the negative effects of retinoic acid/ isotretinoin toxicity?

Answer 27

reduced size of sebaceous glands - decreases oil production improves ance

Question 28

what is an example of vitamin D?

Answer 28

cholecalciferol

Question 29

what is the deficiency caused by Vitamin D?

Answer 29

rickets

Question 30

what are the functions of vitamin D?

Answer 30

exposed to sunlight vitamin D synthesised to the skin regulates the absorption of Ca2+ during bone formation. enhances the immune system improves muscle strength

Question 31

what hormone is vitamin D activated by?

Answer 31

parathyroid hormone

Question 32

what is an example of vitamin E?

Answer 32

Tocopherol

Question 33

what deficiency is caused by deficiency of vitamin E?

Answer 33

hemolysis and anaemia oxidative degradation of polyunsaturated membrane phospholipids.

Question 34

what is the function of vitamin E?

Answer 34

synthesised by plants most found in fatty tissues antioxidant properties provide integrity to the membrane

Question 35

what does antioxidant property in vitamin E do?

Answer 35

reduces division of oxygen reagents and free radicals protects polyunsaturated fatty acids in membrane phospholipids from oxidative damage

Question 36

what is an example of vitamin K ?

Answer 36

menaquinone

Question 37

what are the types of vitamin K?

Answer 37

K1 K2

Question 38

what are vitamin K1 synthesised by?

Answer 38

plants

Question 39

what are vitamin K2 synthesised by?

Answer 39

gram positive bacteria in ileum and jejunum

Question 40

what is vitamin K2 needed for?

Answer 40

synthesis of zymogens for blood clotting.

Question 41

what are the functions of vitamin K?

Answer 41

normal blood clotting provides bone structure cell signalling lipid metabolism

Question 42

what do vitamin K do ?

Answer 42

carboxylates and activates clotting factors

Question 43

what are vitamin K essential for?

Answer 43

post translation modifications

Question 44

what are the deficiency caused by vitamin K ?

Answer 44

clotting disorders decreased bone mineral density menorrhagia