vitamins 2 Flashcards
what are the examples of water soluble vitamins?
B( 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 12) and C
where is water soluble vitamins absorbed and digested?
small intestine
what is vitamin B1- thiamin made up of?
thiol and amine phosphate derivatives which include
- thiamine monophosphate, pyrophosphate and triphosphate.
what is the function of vitamin B1- thiamin?
- ATP production
- DNA and RNA synthesis
- non coenzymes roles
what is the regulation of vitamin B1- THIAMINE?
anti thiamine factors including raw fish, coffee, tea, berries, Brussel, cabbage and alcohol.
what are the sources of vitamin B1- thiamine?
- whole gains
- nuts
- meats
- vegetables
- eggs
- fruits
what are the benefits of vitamin B1- thiamine?
- reduces progression of multiple sclerosis and AD
- helps with the development of myelin sheaths
- helps with nerve functioning
what is the deficiency caused by vitamin B1- thiamine?
beri beri- muscle weakness, edema
wermicke Korsakoff syndrome- AIDS, malnourished, vision problems, confusion
what is the toxicity of vitamin B1 - thiamine?
anaphylactic reactions
what is the function of vitamin B2- riboflavin?
- transports and metabolises iron
- inhibits alcohol absorption
- coenzyme- FMN, FAD- beta oxidation
- forms vit B6, K
what are the sources of vitamin B2?
- milk
- egg
- rice
- liver
what are the benefits of vitamin B2?
- treats headaches
- prevents DNA damage
what is the deficiency caused by vitamin B2?
- sensitive to bright light
- slow learning
- insomnia
- stomatitis
- glossitis
- hyperaemia and oedema of oral mucous membranes and chelitis.
what are the types of vitamin B3- niacin?
- nicotinic acid
- nicotinamide
what are the functions of vitamin B3?
- redox reactions for energy metabolism
- metabolises vit C and folate
- lowers LDL and increases HDL
- makes NAD+ and NADP.
what are the sources of vitamin B3?
- meat
- fish
- wheat
- flour
what is the deficiency caused by vitamin B3?
- pellagra- rough skin
- high sensitivity to sunlight
- four D’s: dermatitis, diarrhoea, dementia and death.
- red skin lesions
what happens when they is a overdose of vitamin B3?
- facial flush
- severe itching
- stomach pain
- dizziness
- hypotension
what are the function of vitamin B5- pantothenic acid?
- part of coenzyme A
- synthesis of cholesterol, bile salts, fatty acids and phospholipids.
what are the sources of vitamin B5?
kale
cabbage
eggs
kidney
liver
what is the toxicity of vitamin B5?
nausea and diarrhoea
what is vitamin B6 converted to?
coenzyme pyridoxal phosphate
what is the function of vitamin B6?
converts tryptophan to niacin
PLP coenzyme to metabolism
ATP
what is the regulation of B6?
- absorbed in SI
- circulated in the blood to the liver
- forms pyridoxal phosphate
- coenzymes forms vit B6
what are the sources of B6?
leafy green veg
beans
beef
liver
bananas
what is the deficiency caused by B6?
- microcytic hypochromic anaemia
- impairs ATP production
- depression
- dermatitis with glossitis
what happens when they is excessive amount of vitamin B6?
severe neurological problems
photosensitivity
dermatological lesions
what are the functions of vitamin 7 ( biotin)?
- helps during pregnancy
- gene regulation
- catalysis carboxylation reaction
- use of amino acids and fatty acids in TCA cycle
what is the bioavailability of vitamin 7?
reduced by egg white and alcohol as heat destroys biotin
what are the sources of vitamin B7?
egg yolk
nuts
nut butters
soybean
whole gain
mushrooms
bananas
what are the deficiency caused by vitamin B7?
poor muscle control
seizures
hair loss
hallucinations
depression
what are the functions of vitamin B9?
- makes DNA and RNA
- prevents anaemia
- transfers pyrimidines
what is the regulation of vitamin B9?
circulated to liver via blood
what are the sources of vitamin B9?
chickpeas
spinach
kidney beans
orange
broccoli
what are the deficiency caused by vitamin B9?
in alcoholics; anaemia, neural tube defects and spina bifida
what does vitamin B12 contains?
cobalt
where is vitamin B12 originated from?
algae
bacteria
fungi
what are the functions of vitamin B12?
- RBC formation
- DNA synthesis
- neurological functions
- cofactors to 2 enzymes
what are the sources of vitamin B12?