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XY1110 > vitamins 2 > Flashcards

vitamins 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the examples of water soluble vitamins?

A

B( 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 12) and C

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2
Q

where is water soluble vitamins absorbed and digested?

A

small intestine

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3
Q

what is vitamin B1- thiamin made up of?

A

thiol and amine phosphate derivatives which include

  1. thiamine monophosphate, pyrophosphate and triphosphate.
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4
Q

what is the function of vitamin B1- thiamin?

A
  1. ATP production
  2. DNA and RNA synthesis
  3. non coenzymes roles
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5
Q

what is the regulation of vitamin B1- THIAMINE?

A

anti thiamine factors including raw fish, coffee, tea, berries, Brussel, cabbage and alcohol.

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6
Q

what are the sources of vitamin B1- thiamine?

A
  1. whole gains
  2. nuts
  3. meats
  4. vegetables
  5. eggs
  6. fruits
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7
Q

what are the benefits of vitamin B1- thiamine?

A
  1. reduces progression of multiple sclerosis and AD
  2. helps with the development of myelin sheaths
  3. helps with nerve functioning
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8
Q

what is the deficiency caused by vitamin B1- thiamine?

A

beri beri- muscle weakness, edema

wermicke Korsakoff syndrome- AIDS, malnourished, vision problems, confusion

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9
Q

what is the toxicity of vitamin B1 - thiamine?

A

anaphylactic reactions

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10
Q

what is the function of vitamin B2- riboflavin?

A
  1. transports and metabolises iron
  2. inhibits alcohol absorption
  3. coenzyme- FMN, FAD- beta oxidation
  4. forms vit B6, K
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11
Q

what are the sources of vitamin B2?

A
  1. milk
  2. egg
  3. rice
  4. liver
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12
Q

what are the benefits of vitamin B2?

A
  1. treats headaches
  2. prevents DNA damage
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13
Q

what is the deficiency caused by vitamin B2?

A
  1. sensitive to bright light
  2. slow learning
  3. insomnia
  4. stomatitis
  5. glossitis
  6. hyperaemia and oedema of oral mucous membranes and chelitis.
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14
Q

what are the types of vitamin B3- niacin?

A
  1. nicotinic acid
  2. nicotinamide
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15
Q

what are the functions of vitamin B3?

A
  1. redox reactions for energy metabolism
  2. metabolises vit C and folate
  3. lowers LDL and increases HDL
  4. makes NAD+ and NADP.
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16
Q

what are the sources of vitamin B3?

A
  1. meat
  2. fish
  3. wheat
  4. flour
17
Q

what is the deficiency caused by vitamin B3?

A
  1. pellagra- rough skin
  2. high sensitivity to sunlight
  3. four D’s: dermatitis, diarrhoea, dementia and death.
  4. red skin lesions
18
Q

what happens when they is a overdose of vitamin B3?

A
  1. facial flush
  2. severe itching
  3. stomach pain
  4. dizziness
  5. hypotension
19
Q

what are the function of vitamin B5- pantothenic acid?

A
  1. part of coenzyme A
  2. synthesis of cholesterol, bile salts, fatty acids and phospholipids.
20
Q

what are the sources of vitamin B5?

A

kale

cabbage

eggs

kidney

liver

21
Q

what is the toxicity of vitamin B5?

A

nausea and diarrhoea

22
Q

what is vitamin B6 converted to?

A

coenzyme pyridoxal phosphate

23
Q

what is the function of vitamin B6?

A

converts tryptophan to niacin

PLP coenzyme to metabolism

ATP

24
Q

what is the regulation of B6?

A
  1. absorbed in SI
  2. circulated in the blood to the liver
  3. forms pyridoxal phosphate
  4. coenzymes forms vit B6
25
Q

what are the sources of B6?

A

leafy green veg
beans
beef
liver
bananas

26
Q

what is the deficiency caused by B6?

A
  1. microcytic hypochromic anaemia
  2. impairs ATP production
  3. depression
  4. dermatitis with glossitis
27
Q

what happens when they is excessive amount of vitamin B6?

A

severe neurological problems
photosensitivity
dermatological lesions

28
Q

what are the functions of vitamin 7 ( biotin)?

A
  1. helps during pregnancy
  2. gene regulation
  3. catalysis carboxylation reaction
  4. use of amino acids and fatty acids in TCA cycle
29
Q

what is the bioavailability of vitamin 7?

A

reduced by egg white and alcohol as heat destroys biotin

30
Q

what are the sources of vitamin B7?

A

egg yolk
nuts
nut butters
soybean
whole gain
mushrooms
bananas

31
Q

what are the deficiency caused by vitamin B7?

A

poor muscle control

seizures

hair loss

hallucinations

depression

32
Q

what are the functions of vitamin B9?

A
  1. makes DNA and RNA
  2. prevents anaemia
  3. transfers pyrimidines
33
Q

what is the regulation of vitamin B9?

A

circulated to liver via blood

34
Q

what are the sources of vitamin B9?

A

chickpeas
spinach
kidney beans
orange
broccoli

35
Q

what are the deficiency caused by vitamin B9?

A

in alcoholics; anaemia, neural tube defects and spina bifida

36
Q

what does vitamin B12 contains?

A

cobalt

37
Q

where is vitamin B12 originated from?

A

algae
bacteria
fungi

38
Q

what are the functions of vitamin B12?

A
  1. RBC formation
  2. DNA synthesis
  3. neurological functions
  4. cofactors to 2 enzymes
39
Q

what are the sources of vitamin B12?

A

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