intro to amino acids and proteins Flashcards
In amino acid nomenclature; what amino acids do the letters Asn represent?
Asparagine
How are the tertiary structures of proteins maintained?
By hydrophobic interactions, ionic bonds, di-sulfide bonds between amino acids.
how many are the standard and essential amino acids
20 standard, 9 essential
what are the non-polar amino acids?
valine
alaine
proline
tryptophan
Phe
leucine
what are the polar amino acids?
asparagine
serine
threonine
cysteine
glutamine
tyrosine
what is an example of a start codon?
AUG
How is DNA information used?
sets of nucleotides code for amino acids
How many nucleotides bases are in a codon?
3
what is the process from DNA to RNA?
transcription
what is the process from RNA to proteins?
translation
what are the examples of stop codon?
UAG
UAA
UAG
what are isomers ?
they are mirror image of each other meaning they have the same number of atoms
what are the examples of enantiomer?
L-isomer( only isomer that is found in proteins) left
D-isomer -right
which of the polar amino acids have no enantiomers?
glycine
what is the transcription process?
it is a process of taking a single gene and copying it into the mRNA-DNA-RNA
what is the translation process?
taking the mRNA to make the protein- protein synthesis , RNA-proteins.
what are the four stages of protein structure?
primary
secondary
tertiary
quaternary
what happens in the primary level ?
sequence of a amino acid chain.
what happens in the secondary level?
alpha sheet, pleated beta sheet, bonding of the hydrogen , peptide acids as it folds into a repeating pattern.
what happens in the territory level?
it is folded into three dimensional pattern due to the interaction of the side chains.
what happens in the quaternary level?
protein consisted of more than one amino acid chain.
what is sickle cell anaemia caused by?
single error in the amino acid sequence of haemoglobin
