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Phar 153 > Vitamins and Minerals Pt1 > Flashcards

Vitamins and Minerals Pt1 Flashcards

1
Q

Reasons why people take vitamins

A

Dietary Insurance (usually for kids)
energy (psychological)
prevent illness
medical reasons

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2
Q

Is natural better than synthetic? Is there an exception?

A

Yes, natural undergoes same effect.
Exception is vitamin b12, because as we age there is less stomach acid and b12 is harder to cleave from protein

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3
Q

Does biotin actually help with healthy hair, nails, and skin?

A

No, it is a typical b vitamin

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4
Q

How does vitamin b12 help with energy production

A

To help, need to be deficient, otherwise will not provide tons more energy

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5
Q

What risk groups may need more vitamins?

A

Impoverished
alcoholism
pregnant/lactating
intense dieting
elderly

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6
Q

What questions should you ask patient when determining vitamin?

A

Is it for you?
How is your diet?
Are you concerned about a specific one?
Any need for MD? (if deficiency is a concern)

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7
Q

How much vit D does breast feeding baby need? is it the same for formula fed? How does this amount change in more northern locations for oct-april ?

A

-400 IU, not a lot is passed through
-Formula fed usually needs none, formula contains it need to check amount
-The amount is doubled to 800 IU, meaning formula fed will now take 400 IU supplementary.

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8
Q

What vitamin D supplement is used for infants, and what is its beneficial factor?

A

Baby D-drops. One drop contains the 400IU

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9
Q

What is the amount of iron supplement for infant up to 6 months?

A

Nothing, stores last about 6 months. Not a worry if breast fed and healthy mom. If there is concern it is MD assessed.

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10
Q

How does infant after 6 months receive iron?

A

Iron-enriched foods, formula also contains iron

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11
Q

What iron supplement is recommended by an MD for infant?

A

Iron supplement for 0-3months (eg. pediafer). provides 15 mg when child deemed deficient

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12
Q

What are the RDAs of Vit D in infants and children

A

Infant 0-12 months: 400 IU/10 mcg (double for 0-6 in winter months)
Children 1-18: 600 IU/ 15mcg

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13
Q

What is the tolerable upper intake TUI for infants and children

A

0-6 months: 1000 IU or 25 mcg
7-12 months: 1500 IU or 38 mcg
Children 1-3 years: 2500 IU or 63 mcg
4-8 years: 3000 IU or 75 mcg
9+ years: 4000 IU or 75 mcg

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14
Q

What is a problem with children’s multivitamins?

A

They lack needed vitamins and minerals, some have no minerals at all.
Gummy form lacks amount, but sometimes all they will take

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15
Q

What vitamins should young girls focus on?

A

Calcium: helps with osteoporosis prevention (4 glasses milk)
Iron: Loss of iron due to menstruation

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16
Q

Does it matter if someone takes Centrum junior over women’s vitamin

A

Lower amount of calcium and iron, but some is better than none. Although adult has more nutrients, not always possible to get to take

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17
Q

When helping pick a vitamins, which vitamins should you focus on?

A

Check calcium and iron amounts

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18
Q

Why is 100% often use on vitamin packages?

A

Marketing. 100% is overkill but a lower percent won’t sell

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19
Q

Is there an alternative method for adults to have vitamin D instead of tablet form?

A

D-drops are liquid alternative. ( 400, 600, or 1000 IU options)

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20
Q

How much Vitamin D do you get from food and sunlight

A

10% from food, 90% from sunlight

21
Q

Is it possible to take all your vitamin D tablets at the same time for the week?

A

Yes full amount is not toxic

22
Q

Is cod liver oil a good source of vitamin D?

A

Not overly, only 200 IU present, large amount of vit A

23
Q

What vitamins do seniors need less of?

A

Vit B, A, and Iron
also need less calories

24
Q

What is the RDA of calcium for seniors

A

31-50: 1000 mg
51+ : 1200 mg

25
Q

What is the RDA of vitamin D for seniors

A

31-70: 600 IU
70+ : 800 IU

26
Q

What is RDA of vit b12 for seniors

A

2.4 ug (take synthetic at 50)

27
Q

Who is benefited by 1000 ug vit b12 supplement?

A

Those with pernicious anemia. Can replace injection method
Otherwise excess

28
Q

Are sublingual vit b12 supplements better than oral?

A

No clinical value, marketed as faster acting

29
Q

When would you recommend someone take a calcium supplement on top of daily vitamin

A

When they lack additional dairy in their diet

30
Q

What are the 4 vitamin concerns in prenatal vitamins

A

Folic acid (folate)
Iron
Calcium
vitamin D

31
Q

What is the RDA for iron in pregnancy

A

27 mg, supplemented with 6-20 mg

32
Q

What is the RDA for folate in pregnancy

A

400 ug supplement before and during

33
Q

What are the RDAs for iron and folate in child bearing years

A

iron: 18 mg
folate: 400 ug

34
Q

If mother is younger than 18 (higher risk pregnancy), what calcium supplement should she take

A

300 mg more than RDA of 1000 mg

35
Q

When is 5 mg supplement of folate used?

A

For high risk pregnancies, prenatal care

36
Q

What can pregnant women do to get iron from other places if supp makes them nauseous

A

Get iron from their diet. Also switch to normal multivitamin that has good amount of iron and folic acid

37
Q

what was the issue with First Response prenatal vitamin

A

No iron, vit Bs, magnesium. Only 75 mg calcium

38
Q

Is PregVit better option?

A

Not clinically better, 1.1 mg means that it needs to be prescribed. People think its better

39
Q

What is spina bifida and how is it caused

A

Occurs 3rd and 4th week of development, spinal column grows out the back.
Is prevented by taking folic acid supplement, is why recommend taking when childbearing age as 50% pregnancies unplanned.

40
Q

What period do you take folic acid and iron for pregnancy

A

Folic acid: 3 months pre, duration, and 6 weeks post
Iron: During

41
Q

Is iron content a major determinant of pill adherence for prenatal vitamins?

A

No, possibly size of tablets is a factor

42
Q

What are the different RDA for calcium

A

4-8: 1000 mg
9-13 = 1300 mg
14-18 = 1300 mg
19-50 = 1000 mg
51+ = 1200 mg

43
Q

How many mg of calcium does one glass of milk have

A

300 mg

44
Q

How many mg of calcium tolerated largely without s/e. What is a common side effect and how can we reduce it?

A

2500 mg/day.
Possible s/e is constipation and can reduce by taking with food and only taking 500mg at a time

45
Q

What are common cheap elemental products of calcium

A

Carbonate (40%)
Lactate (13%)
Gluconate (9%)

46
Q

What are natural products of calcium, and are they a better soruce?

A

Coral, chelated, natural source, dolomite

Pricier and not better, claim of natural and often lactate or gluconate

47
Q

What is citracel and how much calcium does it provide

A

20% calcium
about 200-315 mg per tab
helpful for those on a protein pump inhibitor
-carbonate okay if take with meal but if they won’t must use citracel as calcium supplement.

48
Q

What type of exercise is good for bone health on top of calcium supplements

A

Weight-bearing exercise

49
Q

What is the value of taking vit D with calcium. Magnesium?

A

more vitamin D wont influence calcium

Taking with Mg drops the calcium amount, helps fix the constipation risk of calcium. Is okay if getting dairy in diet, otherwise may need to double

Phar 153 (20 decks)

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