Vitamin & Mineral Functions Flashcards
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
Anti-oxidant,
Collagen synthesis,
Neurotransmitter synthesis,
Cofactor to iron and copper
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
Co-enzyme in energy production
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
Anti-oxidant,
Co-enzyme in energy production
Vitamin B3 (Niacin)
Anti-oxidant,
Co-enzyme in energy production
Synthesized by tryptophan in the body
Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid)
Coenzyme A
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)
Amino acid metabolism Hemoglobin synthesis, Production of dopamine and serotonin Effective in treating hereditary sideroblastic anemia, hyperhomocystenemia, hypertension and pregnancy-induced nausea.
Vitamin B7 (Biotin)
Co-enzyme function in energy metabolism
CO2 transfer
Vitamin B9 (Folate)
Co-enzyme activity
Involved in amino acid & nucleic acid metabolism Conversion of homocysteine (for cardio- vascular health)
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)
Energy production,
Hemoglobin synthesis
Methylation of homocysteine
Vitamin A (Retinoids & Carotenoids)
Vision, Cellular differentiation Growth Reproduction Bone and immune development Prevention of atherosclerosis
Vitamin D (Calciferol)
Bone health
Immune health
Blood pressure regulation
Cell differentiation,
Vitamin E (Tocopherol/ Tocotrienol)
Eye health (cataract prevention)
Anti-oxidant function to lipids,
Reduces risk of cancers,
Cell signaling & gene expression
Vitamin K (Phylloquinone- dietary, Menaquinone- endogenous)
Coagulation of blood
Bone & cartilage health
Calcium
Structural component of bones & teeth, Aids muscle contractions, Blood clotting, Enzyme activation dyspepsia and hyperkalemia
Magnesium
Bone health,
Nerve signal transmission,
Protein synthesis,
Enzyme cofactors
Potassium
pH balance,
Water & electrolyte balance,
Cell membrane transfer
helps with kidney stones (alkaline)
Sodium
Maintain body water balance Electrolyte regulation, pH balance, Nerve signaling, Muscle contraction
Chloride
Maintain pH balance Enzyme activation, Part of gastric HCl acid, modulates gene expression cell membrane signaling lipid transport and metabolism Early brain development
Sulfur
Amino acid component,
Vitamin B1 and B7 support,
Connective tissue,
Joint cartilage, tendons, ligaments
Phosphorus
For structure of bones & teeth, Cell membrane health, DNA & RNA component, Nerve conduction, Heart beat regularity, Muscle contraction
Zinc
Aids nutrient metabolism, Collagen formation, Alcohol detox, CO2 elimination, Cell replication, Sex maturation
Iron
Red blood cell O2 transport, Amino acid (protein) metabolism, Antioxidant for carnitine, Collagen Thyroid hormone synth.
Copper
Aids iron use,
synthesis of collagen,
pigment and neurotransmitters
Iodine
Thyroid hormone synthesis
Selenium
Protects against hydrogen peroxide and free radicals
Thyroid hormone production
Antioxidant that targets natural hydrogen peroxide in the body and coverts it to water.
Manganese
Brain function, collagen & bone growth, urea synthesis., glucose and lipid metabolism., Central nervous system function Cofactor for acetyl CoA carboxylase, pyruvate carboxylase, super oxide disumatase
Chromium
Glucose intolerance
Fluoride
Teeth and bone formation
Molybdenum
Metabolism of purines, pteridines, pyrimidines, aldehydes; oxidation
Which of the following vitamins can be synthesized by tryptophan in the body?
a. Vitamin A
b. Vitamin B2
c. Vitamin B5
d. Vitamin B3
d. Vitamin B3
Manganese is a cofactor for all of the following enzymes except:
a. acetyl CoA carboxylase
b. transketolase
c. pyruvate carboxylase
d. super oxide disumatase
b. transketolase
