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CNS Study Final > Digestion & Nutrient Absorption > Flashcards

Digestion & Nutrient Absorption Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is a function of carbohydrates?

A) They form hormones
B) They supply the body with energy
C) All of the answers are correct
D) They build cell membranes
E) They form enzymes
A

B) They supply the body with energy

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2
Q

Which of the following sugars are small enough to be absorbed out of the small intestine?

A) Polysaccharides
B) Sugars are not absorbed out of the small intestine
C) Monosaccharides
D) Disaccharides
E) Starch
A

C) Monosaccharides

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3
Q

Which of the following enzymes are secreted into the small intestine and break down carbohydrates?

A) Salivary Amylase
B) Lipase
C) Peptidase
D) Brush Border Enzymes
E) Pancreatic Amylase
A

E) Pancreatic Amylase

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4
Q

Which enzymes are found on the microvilli of the small intestine?

A) Brush Border Enzymes
B) Salivary Amylase
C) Intestinal Amylase
D) Pancreatic Amylase
E) Chymotrypsin
A

A) Brush Border Enzymes

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5
Q

Which of the following enzymes begins digestion of starches in the mouth?

A) Salivary Lipase
B) Salivary Amylase
C) Brush Border Enzymes
D) Trypsin
E) Pancreatic Amylase
A

B) Salivary Amylase

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6
Q

What would result if a disaccharide was hydrolyzed?

A) You would get a polysaccharide
B) A disaccharide is a form of fiber and therefore cannot be hydrolyzed
C) You would get two monosaccharides
D) You would get a disachharide and a monosaccharide
E) You would get two disaccharides
F)

A

C) You would get two monosaccharides

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7
Q

Which of the following terms describes the breakdown of a chemical compound using a water molecule?

A) Catalyst
B) Enzyme
C) Digestion
D) Absorption
E) Hydrolysis
A

E) Hydrolysis

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8
Q

Which of the following is a function of fiber?

A) Helps move food through the digestive tract
B) Breaks down disaccharides
C) Speeds up hydrolysis
D) Helps the body absorb carbohydrates
E) Provides energy for the body
A

A) Helps move food through the digestive tract

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9
Q

Which of the following terms describes many simple sugars bonded together?

A) Monosaccharides
B) Glucose
C) Brush Border
D) Disaccharides
E) Polysaccharides
A

E) Polysaccharides

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10
Q

Which of the following is the basic building block of a carbohydrate?

A) Fiber
B) Starch
C) Polysaccharides
D) Disaccharides
E) Monosaccharides
A

E) Monosaccharides

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11
Q

Which of the following best defines bile salts?

A) A fat emulsifier
B) A major form of fat stored by the body
C) A synthesizer of lipids
D) A fat–digesting enzyme
E) A transporter of lipids
A

A) A fat emulsifier

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12
Q

In what way is digestion and absorption of fat different than digestion and absorption of protein or carbohydrate?

A) Fats are reassembled in the epithelial cell
B) Fats are first coated with a protein before exiting the epithelial cell
C) All of the answers are correct
D) Fats enter the endoplasmic reticulum within the epithelial cell
E) Fats first enter the lymphatic system before entering the bloodstream

A

C) All of the answers are correct

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13
Q

Where does fat digestion take place?

A) The mouth and stomach
B) The stomach and small intestine
C) The mouth, stomach and small intestine
D) The small intestine almost exclusively
E) The small and large intestine

A

D) The small intestine almost exclusively

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14
Q

Pancreatic lipase breaks fats down into which two digestive products?

A) Free fatty acids and monosaccharides
B) Monoglycerides and bile salts
C) Free fatty acids and triglycerides
D) monosaccharides and monoglycerides
E) Free fatty acids and monoglycerides
A

E) Free fatty acids and monoglycerides

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15
Q

Which of the following is the term used for lymphatic capillaries that digested fats enter?

A) Hepatic portal vein
B) Chylomicrons
C) Villi
D) Lacteals
E) Microvilli
A

D) Lacteals

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16
Q

What are the basic building blocks of protein molecules?

A) Polypeptides
B) Amino Acids
C) Disaccharides
D) Monosaccharides
E) Glycerol
A

B) Amino Acids

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17
Q

Amino acids can be combined in your body to form which of the following structures?

A) Collagen
B) Hormones
C) Antibodies
D) All of the answers are correct
E) Enzymes
A

D) All of the answers are correct

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18
Q

What is the name of the blood vessels that drain the liver?

A) Hepatic Portal Arteries
B) Hepatic Veins
C) Hepatic Portal Veins
D) Venae Cavae
E) Hepatic Capillary Beds
A

B) Hepatic Veins

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19
Q

What is the protein–digesting enzyme of the stomach?

A) Pepsin
B) Chymotrypsin
C) Trypsin
D) Carboxypeptidase
E) Brush Border Enzymes
A

A) Pepsin

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20
Q

What is the name of the blood vessel that carries nutrient–rich blood from the digestive tract to the liver?

A) Inferior Vena Cava
B) Superior Vena Cava
C) Hepatic Artery
D) Hepatic Portal Vein
E) Renal Portal Vein
A

D) Hepatic Portal Vein

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21
Q

What is the main function of fiber?

A) To keep your circulatory system healthy and working properly.
B) To keep your respiratory system healthy and working properly.
C) To keep your immune system healthy and working properly.
D) To keep your digestive system healthy and working properly.

A

D) To keep your digestive system healthy and working properly.

22
Q

What is prebiotic fiber?

A) Fiber that grows in plants that feed healthy bacteria.
B) Fiber that is broken down partially or completely by bacteria in the colon.
C) A type of fermentable fiber.
D) All of the above

A

D) All of the above

23
Q

What does prebiotic fiber keep healthy?

A) colon
B) lungs
C) liver
D) skin

A

A) colon

24
Q

Where is fermentable fiber, also called prebiotics, digested?

A) Esophagus
B) Stomach
C) Small intestine
D) Large intestine

A

D) Large intestine

25
Q

Fat–soluble vitamins must be transported with?

A) starches
B) fiber
C) amino acids
D) dietary fat

A

D) dietary fat

26
Q

Active transport of nutrients is?

A) The movement of water across a semi–permeable membrane from an area of high water potential to an area of low water potential.
B) All are correct
C) Where nutrients move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
D) Where the nutrient requires a helper or carrier

A

D) Where the nutrient requires a helper or carrier

27
Q

Water is absorbed passively primarily through the action of?

A) amino acids
B) starches
C) osmosis
D) fats

A

C) osmosis

28
Q

Nutrients are classified as macronutrients and micronutrients. Which of the following is NOT considered a macronutrient?

A) Fat
B) Protein
C) Vitamins
D) Carbohydrate

A

C) Vitamins

29
Q

Passive diffusion of nutrients is?

A) Where nutrients move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
B) The movement of water across a semi–permeable membrane from an area of high water potential to an area of low water potential.
C) None are correct
D) Where the nutrient requires a helper or carrier

A

A) Where nutrients move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

30
Q

Functions of the lymphatic system include.

A) Transport of red blood cells to the blood vascular system
B) Maintenance of blood pressure
C) Transport of excess tissue fluid to the bloodstream
D) Excretion of excess dietary fat

A

C) Transport of excess tissue fluid to the bloodstream

31
Q

Which nutrient is absorbed into the lymphatic system?

A) Fiber
B) Fats
C) Carbohydrates
D) Minerals

A

B) Fats

32
Q

Which organ is not part of the lymphatic system?

A) Spleen
B) Tonsils
C) Colon
D) Thymus

A

C) Colon

33
Q

What organ are villi found in?

A) Stomach
B) Large intestine
C) Spleen
D) Small intestine

A

D) Small intestine

34
Q

Which of the following is not a normal component of lymph?

A) Red blood cells
B) Water
C) Nutrients
D) Plasma proteins

A

A) Red blood cells

35
Q

Before nutrients can be transported around your body the food you eat needs to be?

A) Slow cooked
B) Healthy
C) Raw
D) Fibrous
E) Broken down into transportable sizes
A

E) Broken down into transportable sizes

36
Q

Where are excess glucose nutrients stored?

A) Heart
B) Stomach
C) Kidneys
D) Liver
E) Lungs
A

D) Liver

37
Q

Transporting nutrients to the cells of your body is the job of what system?

A) Respiratory
B) Skeletal
C) Immune
D) Circulatory
E) Digestive
A

D) Circulatory

38
Q

What carries nutrients to different parts of your body’s cells?

A) Blood
B) Gravity
C) Skin
D) Water
E) Breath
A

A) Blood

39
Q

Which organ is not part of your gastrointestinal (GI) tract?

A) Small Intestine
B) Stomach
C) Heart
D) Large Intestine

A

C) Heart

40
Q

How does Fiber help with gastrointestinal health?

A) Keeps your bowel movements soft and regular.
B) Helps prevent constipation
C) Helps to bulk your stool.
D) All of the above

A

D) All of the above

41
Q

Ulcers, Lactose Intolerance and Reflux are health problems associated with?

A) Nervous system
B) Cardiovascular system
C) Endocrine system
D) Digestive system

A

D) Digestive system

42
Q

Your gastrointestinal (GI) tract or digestive system is responsible for?

A) Enabling your body to move using muscles.
B) Turning the food you eat into nutrients.
C) Circulating blood around the body via the heart, arteries and veins.
D) Bones that support the body and its organs.

A

B) Turning the food you eat into nutrients.

43
Q

How long is your GI tract?

A) 20 feet
B) 45 feet
C) 15 feet
D) 30 feet

A

D) 30 feet

44
Q

Which of the following best describes the human gut microbiome?

A) The community of microorganisms that live in your digestive tract.
B) The collection of undigested carbohydrates that remain in the digestive tract.
C) The sum total of all of the microorganisms within the body.
D) The yeast and other living organisms that inhabit the abdomen.
E) The community of fatty acids found within the digestive tract.

A

A) The community of microorganisms that live in your digestive tract.

45
Q

Which of these factors influences the types and amounts of bacteria found in your gut?

A) The foods you eat
B) All of the answers are correct
C) Your age
D) The medications you take
E) Your overall health
A

B) All of the answers are correct

46
Q

The human gut microbiome helps produce which of the following vitamins?

A) Vitamin D
B) Vitamin K and many of the B vitamins
C) Vitamins A and many of the D vitamins
D) The human gut biome does not play a role in the synthesis of vitamins
E) Vitamins A and C
F)
A

B) Vitamin K and many of the B vitamins

47
Q

The digestive tract and the gut microbiome have a mutualistic relationship. What does this mean?

A) They work together to survive and thrive.
B) They fight against each other.
C) They are antagonistic to one another.
D) They have the ability to cause mutations in each other.
E) They do not have any known relationship.

A

A) They work together to survive and thrive.

48
Q

The human gut microbiome causes the fermentation of undigested carbohydrates. Which of the following is a beneficial byproduct of this fermentation process?

A) Free radicals
B) Carbon monoxide
C) Long chain fatty acids
D) Short chain fatty acids
E) Antioxidants
A

D) Short chain fatty acids

49
Q

These act as fertilizer for the bacterial community residing in the colon.

A) Short chain fatty acids
B) Amino acids
C) Glucose molecules
D) Probiotics
E) Prebiotics
A

E) Prebiotics

50
Q

You can obtain prebiotics by eating these foods.

A) Yogurts
B) Ice cream
C) Pork
D) Vegetables
E) Steak
A

D) Vegetables

CNS Study Final (29 decks)

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