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CNS Study Final > Immune System > Flashcards

Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

definition of hypoxia

A

oxygen deficiency

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2
Q

definition of ischemia

A

insufficient oxygen supply

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3
Q

what are hyaline deposits?

A

cellular response to injury, mix of mostly proteins including fibrin, collagen, and amyloid (protein fragments folded into the wrong shape)

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4
Q

What is metaplasia?

A

displacement of 1 cell type by another, often less mature cell type
ex. is vitamin a deficiency, barrett’s esophogus

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5
Q

what increases and decreases in the aging immune system?

A

lower cytokines
lower mucous secretions
increased natural killer cells

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6
Q

How can estrogen influence yeast infections?

A

lower estrogen=increased vaginal ph

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7
Q

definition of necrosis

A

cell injury/changes that results in premature cell death

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8
Q

what is apoptosis?

A

programmed cell death

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9
Q

name 3 secretions that contain lysozome. what does lysozome do?

A

sweat, tears, saliva. it damages bacteria

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10
Q

name 4 things required for an effective immune system

A

specificity, diversity, adaptivity, memory

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11
Q

what is myasthenia gravis?

A

thymus autoimmune disease (thymus=lymphocyte storage, important mostly for young children)

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12
Q

what does the lymphatic system do to antigens?

A

it concentrates them so they can be dealt with

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13
Q

what does the spleen do?

A

destroys old RBC

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14
Q

What are peyer’s patches?

A

lymphoid tissue found in the small intestine

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15
Q

how many WBCs are there compared to RBC’s?

A

3x as many WBC

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16
Q

Name 3 kinds of leukocytes

A

macrophages
neutrophils

eosinophils
basophils

17
Q

what do macrophages do?

A

they eat bacteria and activate other parts of the immune system, like presenting antigens to T cells

18
Q

what do neutrophils do?

A

most common WBC, small, mobile, short lifespan

contain lysozome, eat antigens

19
Q

what causes an increase in eosinophils?

A

allergic or worm infection––they are adapted to attack larger pathogens

20
Q

what do basophils produce?

A

histamine and serotonin (allergic response)

21
Q

Name 3 kinds of lymphocytes

A

B cells, T cells, Natural Killer Cells

22
Q

What do plasma B cells produce?

A 
5 types of antibodies:
IgG (most prevalent)
IgA (mucusol, ex celiac)
IgM (first in new infections)
IgD
IgE (allergens and worms)
23
Q

What is the major histocompatibility complex? (MHC)

A

a genetic system that allows large proteins in immune system cells to identify compatible or foreign proteins. It allows the matching of potential organ or bone marrow donors with recipients. Also called HLA, human leukocyte antigen

24
Q

what is a complement?

A

group of plasma proteins that react in cascades, lead to stimulation of phagocytes and activating the cell membrane attack complex

25
Q

what are cytokines?

A

immune communication proteins synthesized from fatty acid substrates, they can be pro– or anti–inflammatory depending on if they are made from omega 3 or 6

26
Q

what is the innate immune system? include 4 examples of things in it.

A

does not increase/change with repeated exposure

macrophages, monocytes, NKC, leukocytes

27
Q

Name 2 things that are part of the adaptive immune system

A

T cells and B cells (both lymphocytes)

28
Q

What are average protein/fluid requirements for wound healing?

A

1.25–1.5 g/kg

fluid is increased, about 35 mL/kg

29
Q

name 7 nutrients to consider for wound healing

A

A, C, zinc, arginine, glutamine, copper, manganese

30
Q

What quantities of A, C, and zinc might you want to use for wound healing?

A

vit A if deficient, 20,000–25 IU for ten days
vit C 1–2 g/day (test WBC ascorbic acid levels)
zinc 15–25 mg/day, vegetarians may need more

31
Q

Why is glutamine important for wound healing?

A

fuel for enterocytes, leukocytes, and macrophages

precursor for nucleotides and glutathione

CNS Study Final (29 decks)

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