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CNS Study Final > Energy Balance > Flashcards

Energy Balance Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is NOT a way that vitamins and minerals support physical activity?

A) Some contain calories that can be used directly for energy
B) Some help regulate fluid balance in the body
C) Some play a role in converting food molecules into the form of energy the body uses
D) Some help make hemoglobin needed to carry oxygen to the muscles
E) All of the answers are ways that different vitamins and minerals support physical activity

A

A) Some contain calories that can be used directly for energy

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2
Q

Which of the following terms is used to describe a condition in which the body has lost an excessive amount of water?

A) Hyponatremia
B) Hydrolysis
C) Constipation
D) Diarrhea
E) Dehydration
A

E) Dehydration

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3
Q

What are the three energy–yielding nutrients?

A) Vitamins, Minerals and Water
B) Carbohydrates, Iron and Fats
C) Carbohydrates, Proteins and Minerals
D) Fats, Proteins and Water
E) Carbohydrates, Fats and Proteins
A

E) Carbohydrates, Fats and Proteins

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4
Q

Which of the following is TRUE concerning water and physical activity?

A) All of the answers are true concerning water and physical activity
B) It is needed to help remove waste products from the muscles during physical activity
C) Physical activity increases the need for water
D) It cools the body during physical activity
E) It is lost through sweat

A

A) All of the answers are true concerning water and physical activity

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5
Q

Which of the following nutrients could be thought of as most important for sustained energy for endurance activities?

A) Vitamins
B) Fats
C) Minerals
D) Water
E) Proteins
A

B) Fats

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6
Q

Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning dietary fat intake for athletes?

A) Athletes need more dietary fat than the general population
B) Athletes perform well on low–fat diets
C) All of the answers are true concerning dietary fat intake for athletes
D) Competitive athletes may require 1.2 to 1.7 grams of fat per kilogram of body weight
E) Athletes should get between 20 to 35% of calories from fats

A

E) Athletes should get between 20 to 35% of calories from fats

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7
Q

Which of the following terms is used to describe a condition in which blood sodium levels are abnormally low?

A) Hypoglycemia
B) Anemia
C) Hyponatremia
D) Hypokalemia
E) Hypoxia
A

C) Hyponatremia

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8
Q

An athlete may need extra vitamins and minerals to fight these highly reactive molecules that are increased during exercise.

A) Antioxidants
B) Carotenes
C) Free radicals
D) Electrolytes
E) Hemoglobin molecules
A

C) Free radicals

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9
Q

Which of the following is NOT a variable that could influence and athletes’ energy needs?

A) The athlete's body weight
B) Intensity of exercise
C) Frequency of exercise
D) All of the answers are variables that could influence an athletes' energy needs
E) Duration of exercise
A

D) All of the answers are variables that could influence an athletes’ energy needs

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10
Q

The majority of calories in an athlete’s diet should come from which of the following?

A) Fats
B) Proteins
C) Minerals
D) Vitamins
E) Carbohydrates
A

E) Carbohydrates

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11
Q

Which of the following would be an appropriate food to eat or drink during a competition?

A) Any of these items would be an appropriate food or drink during competition
B) An energy bar
C) A sports drink
D) A banana
E) A carbohydrate gel pack
A

A) Any of these items would be an appropriate food or drink during competition

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12
Q

Which of the following would be the best choices for a post competition meal?

A) Fasting
B) High–protein foods
C) High–carbohydrate foods
D) None of these answers are correct
E) High–fat foods
A

C) High–carbohydrate foods

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13
Q

A pre–competition meal should be low in which nutrient(s) in order to avoid digestive issues during the event?

A) Carbohydrates
B) Protein
C) Vitamins and minerals
D) Fat and fiber
E) Fluids
A

D) Fat and fiber

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14
Q

What is glucose stored in your liver and muscles called?

A) Glycogen
B) Protein
C) Enzymatic glucose
D) Lost glucose
E) Glycocytes
A

A) Glycogen

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15
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid surround the:

A) Brain and spine
B) Heart
C) Bladder
D) Intestines
E) Joints
A

A) Brain and spine

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16
Q

On average, men should drink about:

A) About 10 gallons of beverages
B) 3 liters of fluid per day
C) 8 cups of water per day
D) 1 liter of fluid per day

A

B) 3 liters of fluid per day

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17
Q

About how much of the human body is water?

A) 100%
B) 0%
C) 90%
D) 60%
E) 30%
A

D) 60%

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18
Q

Mucous membranes of your body, which water helps keep healthy, include:

A) Eyelashes
B) Forearm skin
C) Lips
D) Fingernails
E) Hair
A

C) Lips

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19
Q

Joints are:

A) Places where bones meet
B) Things that surround the brain and spinal cord
C) Substances found on ears of people
D) Things that help to lubricate the motion of the tongue
E) None of these answers are correct

A

A) Places where bones meet

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20
Q

Which of the following is NOT good advice on staying well hydrated?

A) You should drink two cups of fluids four hours before exercise
B) After exercise make it a goal to replace each pound of weight loss with 2 to 3 cups of fluid
C) During exercise take water breaks every 15 to 20 minutes
D) When you exercise take in in extra fluids
E) Thirst is a reliable indicator of your body’s water need
F)

A

E) Thirst is a reliable indicator of your body’s water need

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21
Q

If you have been exercising in the hot sun for a few hours and you notice that you have stopped sweating and your skin is hot and dry you may be suffering from this life–threatening condition.

A) Heat Exhaustion
B) Heat Stroke
C) Heat Attack
D) Heat Flashes
E) Heat Cramps
A

B) Heat Stroke

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22
Q

Which of the following is a process of measuring heat production to determine energy used by the body that involves being inside an air–tight chamber?

A) The Harris–Benedict Chamber
B) Direct Calorimetry
C) Hydrostatic Calorimetry
D) Indirect Calorimetry
E) Thermogenics
A

B) Direct Calorimetry

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23
Q

Which of the following terms is used to describe a formula that estimates your BMR and then applies an activity factor to determine your energy use?

A) Basal Metabolic Equation
B) Basal Activity Equation
C) Harris–Benedict Equation
D) Direct Calorimetry
E) Indirect Calorimetry
A

C) Harris–Benedict Equation

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24
Q

Which of the following is a process of calculating heat production to determine energy used by the body by first measuring oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production?

A) Harris–Benedict Equation
B) Thermogenic Calorimetry
C) Indirect Calorimetry
D) Direct Calorimetry
E) Calorimetry Equation
A

C) Indirect Calorimetry

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25
Q

Which of the following terms is used to describe the rate at which energy is used for your vital functions?

A) Basal Metabolic Rate
B) Energy Imbalance
C) Direct Calorimetry
D) Thermogenic Rate
E) Indirect Calorimetry
A

A) Basal Metabolic Rate

26
Q

Your BMR varies based on which of the following factors?

A) Height
B) Weight
C) Gender
D) Age
E) All of these factors influence your BMR
A

E) All of these factors influence your BMR

27
Q

Which of the following best describes nutrients?

A) Any substance that provides the body with calories
B) Any food grown without the use of chemicals
C) Substances found in foods that allow your body to make energy, build and maintain tissues and regulate bodily processes
D) All of the answers accurately describe nutrients
E) Any food grown without the use of chemicals

A

C) Substances found in foods that allow your body to make energy, build and maintain tissues and regulate bodily processes

28
Q

Which of the following are NOT organic nutrients?

A) Vitamins
B) Minerals
C) Carbohydrates
D) Proteins
E) Lipids
A

B) Minerals

29
Q

When you consider the importance of all four organic nutrients, which of the following words should come to you mind?

A) Oxygen
B) Energy
C) Lubricant
D) Body Temperature
E) Thyroid Health
A

B) Energy

30
Q

Which of the following is NOT true concerning minerals?

A) They help with bone health
B) Their chemical structure contains carbon
C) They are important for thyroid health
D) They are inorganic nutrients
E) They help regulate fluid balance
A

B) Their chemical structure contains carbon

31
Q

If a nutrient does not contain carbon in its chemical structure, then it is categorized as which type of nutrient?

A) Inorganic
B) Vitamin
C) Organic
D) Unnatural
E) Carbohydrate
A

A) Inorganic

32
Q

What type of reaction causes the formation of sugar molecules larger than monosaccharides?

A) Hydration
B) Dehydration
C) Decarboxylation
D) Deamination

A

B) Dehydration

33
Q

Which set of functional groups is always found in sugars?

A) Amines and alcohols
B) Ethers and amines
C) Hydroxyl groups and ethers
D) Ethers and carboxylic acids

A

C) Hydroxyl groups and ethers

34
Q

How many monosaccharides make up a polysaccharide?

A) 100
B) Two
C) One
D) Greater than three
E) Three
A

D) Greater than three

35
Q

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A) None of the statements are true
B) Sugars are not found, but rather created within the body.
C) Sugars are found only in plants.
D) Sugars are found only in food.

A

A) None of the statements are true

36
Q

Which sugar is the one our bodies use for fuel?

A) Galactose
B) Fructose
C) Sucrose
D) Glucose

A

D) Glucose

37
Q

What is the functional group that is formed when glycerol reacts with carboxylic acids to form triglycerides?

A) carbohydrate
B) ether
C) ester
D) carboxylic acid

A

C) ester

38
Q

Which of the following roles do lipids NOT play in our bodies?

A) store energy
B) regulate hormones
C) generate heat
D) make up part of our cell membranes

A

C) generate heat

39
Q

True or false: All lipids are fats.

A) True
B) False

A

B) False

40
Q

Which of the following types of food will give you the most energy per pound?

A) protein
B) sugar
C) carbohydrates
D) fat

A

D) fat

41
Q

Why does soap remove grease from pans when we wash dishes?

A) Soap sends a chemical message to fats to break up fat blobs in the pan.
B) Part of the soap molecule is polar and dissolves in water, while part is non–polar and dissolves in the lipids
C) Soap molecules react with fats to break up fat blobs
D) The whole soap molecule is non–polar, so it breaks apart fat blobs

A

B) Part of the soap molecule is polar and dissolves in water, while part is non–polar and dissolves in the lipids

42
Q

Proteins are biological molecules made of?

A) sugars
B) glycerol
C) nucleotides
D) amino acids

A

D) amino acids

43
Q

What atoms are connected by a peptide bond?

A) carbonyl carbon and carbonyl oxygen
B) amine nitrogen and another amine nitrogen
C) carbonyl carbon and amine nitrogen
D) side chain groups

A

C) carbonyl carbon and amine nitrogen

44
Q

When a protein makes it easier for a biological reaction to happen, it is acting as:

A) a messenger
B) a transporter
C) an enzyme
D) a structural protein

A

C) an enzyme

45
Q

Proteins in our cartilage, hair, and nails are:

A) storage proteins
B) regulatory proteins
C) transport proteins
D) structural proteins

A

D) structural proteins

46
Q

Which of the following is not a function performed by proteins?

A) Structural support
B) Respiration
C) Transportation
D) Regulation

A

B) Respiration

47
Q

True or false: Amino acids come together on their own to form peptides and proteins.

A) False
B) True

A

A) False

48
Q

What are the monomer units in protein polymers?

A) Sugars
B) Fats
C) Amino acids
D) Nucleic acids

A

C) Amino acids

49
Q

Which of the following reactions forms peptide bonds?

A) Hydrogenation
B) Dehydration
C) None of these answers
D) Hydration

A

B) Dehydration

50
Q

What does N–terminus refer to?

A) The end of a protein with a free carboxylic acid group
B) A train station
C) The end of a protein with a free amine group
D) The first amino acid with the abbreviation ‘N’ in the protein

A

C) The end of a protein with a free amine group

51
Q

A peptide bond is the linkage between:

A) The carboxylic acid oxygen of an amino acid and the carbon next to the amine of another amino acid
B) The carbonyl carbon of an amino acid of a carboxylic acid and the carbon next to the amine of another amino acid
C) The carbonyl carbon of an amino acid of a carboxylic acid and the nitrogen of the amine of that amino acid
D) The carbonyl carbon of an amino acid of a carboxylic acid and the nitrogen of the amine of another amino acid

A

D) The carbonyl carbon of an amino acid of a carboxylic acid and the nitrogen of the amine of another amino acid

52
Q

How many natural amino acids are there?

A) 20
B) 22
C) 4
D) 9

A

A) 20

53
Q

Which of the following makes proline a ‘special’ amino acid?

A) It has a polar side chain
B) Its side chain is bonded to the amine Nitrogen
C) It has no side chain
D) It forms disulfide bonds

A

B) Its side chain is bonded to the amine Nitrogen

54
Q

Which amino acid is involved in formation of disulfide bonds?

A) lysine
B) glycine
C) cysteine
D) proline

A

C) cysteine

55
Q

Which category of amino acids cannot participate in hydrogen bonding with its side chain?

A) polar
B) negative
C) positive
D) non–polar

A

D) non–polar

56
Q

Which amino acid has no side chain?

A) glycine
B) lysine
C) proline
D) alanine

A

A) glycine

57
Q

Which of the following is the breakdown of protein secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure?

A) Carboxylation
B) Dehydrogenation
C) Deamination
D) Denaturation

A

D) Denaturation

58
Q

Which of the following are involved in the 3–D structure of proteins?

A) all of these
B) hydrophobic interactions
C) covalent bonds
D) hydrogen bonding

A

A) all of these

59
Q

True or false: the tertiary structure of a protein could be the same as its quaternary structure.

A) False
B) True

A

B) True

60
Q

Which of the following secondary structures is not held together by hydrogen bonds?

A) alpha helix
B) random coil
C) super helix
D) beta sheet

A

B) random coil

61
Q

Which structure represents only the order of amino acids in a protein?

A) secondary
B) quaternary
C) tertiary
D) primary

A

D) primary

CNS Study Final (29 decks)

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