Vitamin & Mineral Deficiency Flashcards
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
Very unlikely, scurvy, hyperkeratosis of hair follicle, psychological, delayed wound healing, bleeding gums, risk in persons with alcoholism, elderly, smokers
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
Rare (Wernicke- Korsakoff syndrome), Berberi, muscle weakness, anorexia, tachycardia, edema, abnormal gait and mental confusion – risk in persons with alcoholism, malabsorptive conditions, or elderly
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
Rare due to abundance & fortified products, cheilosis, glossitis, edema, diarrhea, mental confusion – risk in persons with alcoholism, or malabsorptive conditions
Vitamin B3 (Niacin)
Diarrhea, dermatitis, mental confusion, Pellagra
Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid)
Deficiency rare, numbness, tingling, vomiting, fatigue - risk in persons with alcoholism, with malabsorptive conditions
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)
Dermatitis, glossitis, convulsions – risk in persons with alcoholism, elderly, certain Rx use
Vitamin B7 (Biotin)
Rare, anorexia, nausea, glossitis, depression, dry scaly dermatitis, At Risk: alcoholics, with malabsorptive condition
Vitamin B9 (Folate)
Megaloblastic anemia, diarrhea, fatigue, depression, increased risk of heart disease or stroke, risk of Alzheimer’s, confusion – risk in persons with alcoholism, malabsorptive conditions, certain Rx use
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)
Megaloblastic anemia, degeneration of peripheral nerves, at risk population: elderly, vegan/vegetarian, pernicious anemia, disorders affecting stomach/Ileum
Vitamin A (Retinoids & Carotenoids
Less common, can result in anorexia, retarded growth, increased susceptibility to infection, keratinization of skin, eye defects, night blindness, fat malabsorption, appetite loss.
Vitamin D (Calciferol)
Fatigue, low mood, increased risk of cardiovascular disease, increased risk of osteoporosis decreased immune health, rickets in children, infertility, insulin resistance, polycystic ovary syndrome
Vitamin E (Tocopherol/ Tocotrienol)
Myopathy (muscle aches), anemia, neuropathy (nerve pain)
Vitamin K (Phylloquinone- dietary, Menaquinone- endogenous)
Rare, occur in persons with fat malabsorption
Calcium
Osteomalacia, tetany, rickets (in children), tetany
Magnesium
Neuromuscular excitability, muscle weakness, tetany
Potassium
Muscle weakness, mental apathy, cardiac arrhythmia (palpitations), bone fragility
Sodium
Anorexia, nausea, muscle atrophy, poor growth, weight loss, rare occurrence of deficiency, can occur in athletes, excess exercise sweating, high fluid intake, , cirrhosis,
Chloride
Loss of appetite, failure to thrive, weakness, lethargy, severe hypokalemia
Sulfur
Reduced protein synthesis, reduced glutathione production (risk of cell damage)
Phosphorus
Joint or bone pain, loss of appetite, irritability (anxiety), fatigue, poor bone development in children
Zinc
Poor wound healing, subnormal growth, anorexia, abnormal smell or states, impaired reproductive development
Loss of appetite, alopecia, dermatitis, anorexia nervosa, or hyperkaratinization.
Iron
Anemia, Fatigue, weakness, decreased resistance to infection
Copper
Anemia, neutropenia, bone and blood vessel abnormalities, impaired immune function
Iodine
Enlarged goiter
Selenium
Myalgia, cardiac myopathy, poor growth, abnml sulfur metab.
Manganese
Impaired growth, skeletal abnormalities, impaired CNS fnc
Chromium
Glucose intolerance, glucose and lipid metab. abnml
Fluoride
Tooth decay, osteoporosis, brittle teeth
Molybdenum
Hypermethioninemia, high urinary xanthine and sulfite excretion, low urinary sulfate and urate excretion
