Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Module 4 > Visual Sensory Alterations > Flashcards

Visual Sensory Alterations Flashcards

1
Q

Eye drop administration

A

Place eye drop in Lasoacrimal sac or inner canthus and hold pressure for 15 seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why do you want to hold pressure after eye drops?

A

To prevent any systemic effect and it can slowly absorb ( can cause low bp, low hr and pt to drop-beta blocker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Leading causes of blindness

A

Muscular degeneration
Cataract
Diabetic retinopathy
Glaucoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the leading cause of blindness world wide

A

Cataracts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the leading cause of blindness in the United States

A

Diabetic retinopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Aqueous humor

A

Job is to maintain intraoccular pressure, helps transport vitamin c and works as an antioxidant. It’s going to protect us from dust wind and pollen (or anything else) from getting into eye

99% water 1% sugar vitamins proteins and nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Vitreous humor

A

Fluid in the back of eye.
99% water 1 % collagen
Helps keep the shape of the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Vitreous humor flow

A

Posterior chamber into the interior chamber, goes thru the trobecular mesh workout into the canal of Schlemm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cataracts

A

Clouding of the lends
Age #1 risk factor
By age 80 about half of people have cataract build up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

T or f if you are diabetic you have a higher chance of getting cataracts quicker

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What can cause cataracts quicker

A

Diabetes
Corticosteriods( increasing blood glucose)
UV light
Congenital
Trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

S/s/ ofcataracts

A

Blurry foggy or fuzzy vision
Halos around light sources

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What can people with cataracts have trouble seeing

A

Color
Ex. Red and orange look the same

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the only treatment for cataract?

A

Surgery

Phacoemulsification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Surgical care for cataracts

A

H&P
Medication-eye drops
IVF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Postoperative phase for cataract surgery

A

Recovery VS
Promote healing
Reduce risk
Review medications (schedule)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What medication are used to paralyze the eye

A

Cycloplegics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When do you start discharge planning for surgery ?

A

Before surgery
Make sure they have a ride home
Teach to not to rub eyes
Avoid lifting ( under 10lb)
Avoid sneezing (hold cranial #5)
No coughing
No bending
Lay 30 -45 degrees if possible ( laying flat puts too much pressure)

Do all of this for at least two weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Pain after cataract surgery

A

Any pain over a 4 ( above mild) call surgeon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What type of medication to give for inflammation post surgery cataracts

A

Corticosteriods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Eye drops for cataracts surgery

A

Eye drops gradually reduced but stopped after healed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What should you give pt post surgery cataracts during discharge

A

Follow up appointment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Glaucoma

A

Decrease peripheral vision
Glaucoma, Gatorade, Powerade peripheral

24
Q

Two types of glaucoma

A

Open angle and closed angle

25
Q

Closed angle

A

A build up of aqueous humor and it builds into vitreous body (goes backward)
It is a medical emergency have have 48 hours to get treatment
After 48 hours it will cause permanent damage

Sudden onset

26
Q

Open angle

A

Most common
Gradual onset (fluid will graduallyvitreous)
Angle between iris and the sclera
Aqueous humor outflow is decreased due to the blockages of the eye drainage system
(Trabecular mesh work not draining appropriately

PERIPHERAL vision lost first then central vision as nerve gets damaged

27
Q

Early diagnosis of gluacoma prevents

A

Permanent damage

28
Q

S/s of glaucoma closed angle

A

Acute onset of ocular pain, halo around light sources, eyebrow pain, nausea, blurred vision,pupils non reactive to light and light sensitivity

29
Q

Treatment of closed glaucoma

A

Betablocker drop
Andrenergic drop
Over time pt can have surgery

30
Q

Pt with open angle glaucoma

A

Don’t experience s/s until there is widespread damage ( why its good to get eyes checked annually)

31
Q

Important teaching for glaucoma

A

Have to be on eyedrops for the rest of their life for both open and closed

32
Q

S/s of open ended glaucoma

A

Headache, loss of peripheral vision, halo around light sources, elevated pressure in eye , mild eye pain

33
Q

3 Ps of blindness due to open angle glaucoma

A

Preventable ( if get eyes check regularly so medication get be administered)
Painless
Permanent

34
Q

BETA-adrenergic blocking agent

A

Lowers intraoccular pressure by reducing production of aqueous humor

Used primarily for open angle but can be used to treat closed angle at first along for emergency management with other medication butwill need surgery

Can be used open angle for a longer period of time

***inital therapy and maintenance therapy

35
Q

TIMOLOL

A

Beta blocking agent for glaucoma
Ask for history of asthma, COPD, sinus, bradycardia, heart failure, 2nd 3rd degree heart block

Can cause bronchospasms, Dyspnea, bradycardia, heart block

36
Q

What do you do before administering timolol ?

A

Vital signs , bp, hr

If pt have low bp or low hr below 60 we have to hold medication and educate why they can’t have it

37
Q

Macular degeneration

A

Central vision loss
Yellowing of lens
Color perception decrease because of yellowing
IOP increases

McDonald’s and Chick-fil-A

38
Q

Dry AMD

A

Fatty deposit build up inside fovea central

39
Q

WET AMD

A

Fatty deposits with Blood vessels ( really weak and will rupture) and will cause hemorrhage ( blood in the eye)

40
Q

Dry amd s/s

A

Develops gradually
Need for brighter light
Gradual haziness of centeral vision or overall vision
Blurred spot in the center field of vision

41
Q

Wet amd s/s

A

Abrupt onset(blood vessels rupture)
Rapid worsening and vision loss
Well defined blurry/ blind spot of central vision

42
Q

Treatment of MD

A

No cure only slowing of progression

43
Q

Atrophic(dry)

A

Antioxidants, zinc, and selenium (vitamin a,c,e,)
Diet fruits, vegetables, fish w omega 3 fatty acids

44
Q

Exudative wet MD

A

Injections into eye / laser to get rid of blood vessels /neovascularizetion
Or light therapy

45
Q

Exudative WET MD treatment

A

Injections or laser in eye to help get rid of blood vessels or neuorvascularization
Photodynamic (light) therapy

46
Q

Diabetic retinopathy

A

Non prolifertative
And prolifertative

47
Q

Non-prolifertative

A

Most common
Capillary micro aneurysm
(Rupturing of capillaries in the eye)

48
Q

Non prolifertative s/s

A

Retinal swelling
Hard exudates ( any build up in eye will be harder build up)
Macular edema (worsening of retinothopy)

Blood vessels weaken and rupture so blood within macula

Severe central vision loss

49
Q

Prolifertative

A

New blood vessels formed (neovascularizetion )
Fragile and can rupture causing blood in the eye (bleeding in vitreous body and will block central vision )

Get regular eye checks and they feel like they are losing their vision or a curtain went over their vision get to specialist immediately because blood vessels can cause retinal detachment

50
Q

Diabetic retinopathy

A

Initially. No changes in vision
But over time visual acuity will decrease either rapid (detachment of retinal) or slowly depending on what is going on

51
Q

When pt is a type 1 diabetic

A

Have eye exam within 5 years of diagnosis and annually after that

52
Q

Type 2 diabetic

A

Schedule eye appointment upon diagnosis and annually after that

53
Q

Diabetic retinopathy precautions

A

Maintain glycemica control and manage hypertension

54
Q

Excercise precautions for diabetic retinopathy

A

Avoid jogging, weight lifting, playing instruments

Can semi or stationary cycling ( low impact exercises)

55
Q

Diabetic retinopathy treatment

A

Laser photocoagulation
Vitrectomy
Drugs to block actions of vascular enothelial growth factor

56
Q

Diabetic retinopathy increases risk for

A

Glaucoma(neovascularizetion) and cataracts (type1,type 2 and corticosteroids use)

Module 4 (47 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions