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Module 4 > Visual Sensory Alterations > Flashcards

Visual Sensory Alterations Flashcards

1
Q

Eye drop administration

A

Place eye drop in Lasoacrimal sac or inner canthus and hold pressure for 15 seconds

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2
Q

Why do you want to hold pressure after eye drops?

A

To prevent any systemic effect and it can slowly absorb ( can cause low bp, low hr and pt to drop-beta blocker

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3
Q

Leading causes of blindness

A

Muscular degeneration
Cataract
Diabetic retinopathy
Glaucoma

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4
Q

What is the leading cause of blindness world wide

A

Cataracts

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5
Q

What is the leading cause of blindness in the United States

A

Diabetic retinopathy

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6
Q

Aqueous humor

A

Job is to maintain intraoccular pressure, helps transport vitamin c and works as an antioxidant. It’s going to protect us from dust wind and pollen (or anything else) from getting into eye

99% water 1% sugar vitamins proteins and nutrients

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7
Q

Vitreous humor

A

Fluid in the back of eye.
99% water 1 % collagen
Helps keep the shape of the eye

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8
Q

Vitreous humor flow

A

Posterior chamber into the interior chamber, goes thru the trobecular mesh workout into the canal of Schlemm

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9
Q

Cataracts

A

Clouding of the lends
Age #1 risk factor
By age 80 about half of people have cataract build up

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10
Q

T or f if you are diabetic you have a higher chance of getting cataracts quicker

A

True

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11
Q

What can cause cataracts quicker

A

Diabetes
Corticosteriods( increasing blood glucose)
UV light
Congenital
Trauma

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12
Q

S/s/ ofcataracts

A

Blurry foggy or fuzzy vision
Halos around light sources

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13
Q

What can people with cataracts have trouble seeing

A

Color
Ex. Red and orange look the same

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14
Q

What is the only treatment for cataract?

A

Surgery

Phacoemulsification

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15
Q

Surgical care for cataracts

A

H&P
Medication-eye drops
IVF

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16
Q

Postoperative phase for cataract surgery

A

Recovery VS
Promote healing
Reduce risk
Review medications (schedule)

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17
Q

What medication are used to paralyze the eye

A

Cycloplegics

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18
Q

When do you start discharge planning for surgery ?

A

Before surgery
Make sure they have a ride home
Teach to not to rub eyes
Avoid lifting ( under 10lb)
Avoid sneezing (hold cranial #5)
No coughing
No bending
Lay 30 -45 degrees if possible ( laying flat puts too much pressure)

Do all of this for at least two weeks

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19
Q

Pain after cataract surgery

A

Any pain over a 4 ( above mild) call surgeon

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20
Q

What type of medication to give for inflammation post surgery cataracts

A

Corticosteriods

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21
Q

Eye drops for cataracts surgery

A

Eye drops gradually reduced but stopped after healed

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22
Q

What should you give pt post surgery cataracts during discharge

A

Follow up appointment

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23
Q

Glaucoma

A

Decrease peripheral vision
Glaucoma, Gatorade, Powerade peripheral

24
Q

Two types of glaucoma

A

Open angle and closed angle

25
Closed angle
A build up of aqueous humor and it builds into vitreous body (goes backward) It is a medical emergency have have 48 hours to get treatment After 48 hours it will cause permanent damage Sudden onset
26
Open angle
Most common Gradual onset (fluid will graduallyvitreous) Angle between iris and the sclera Aqueous humor outflow is decreased due to the blockages of the eye drainage system (Trabecular mesh work not draining appropriately PERIPHERAL vision lost first then central vision as nerve gets damaged
27
Early diagnosis of gluacoma prevents
Permanent damage
28
S/s of glaucoma closed angle
Acute onset of ocular pain, halo around light sources, eyebrow pain, nausea, blurred vision,pupils non reactive to light and light sensitivity
29
Treatment of closed glaucoma
Betablocker drop Andrenergic drop Over time pt can have surgery
30
Pt with open angle glaucoma
Don’t experience s/s until there is widespread damage ( why its good to get eyes checked annually)
31
Important teaching for glaucoma
Have to be on eyedrops for the rest of their life for both open and closed
32
S/s of open ended glaucoma
Headache, loss of peripheral vision, halo around light sources, elevated pressure in eye , mild eye pain
33
3 Ps of blindness due to open angle glaucoma
Preventable ( if get eyes check regularly so medication get be administered) Painless Permanent
34
BETA-adrenergic blocking agent
Lowers intraoccular pressure by reducing production of aqueous humor Used primarily for open angle but can be used to treat closed angle at first along for emergency management with other medication butwill need surgery Can be used open angle for a longer period of time ***inital therapy and maintenance therapy
35
TIMOLOL
Beta blocking agent for glaucoma Ask for history of asthma, COPD, sinus, bradycardia, heart failure, 2nd 3rd degree heart block Can cause bronchospasms, Dyspnea, bradycardia, heart block
36
What do you do before administering timolol ?
Vital signs , bp, hr If pt have low bp or low hr below 60 we have to hold medication and educate why they can’t have it
37
Macular degeneration
Central vision loss Yellowing of lens Color perception decrease because of yellowing IOP increases McDonald’s and Chick-fil-A
38
Dry AMD
Fatty deposit build up inside fovea central
39
WET AMD
Fatty deposits with Blood vessels ( really weak and will rupture) and will cause hemorrhage ( blood in the eye)
40
Dry amd s/s
Develops gradually Need for brighter light Gradual haziness of centeral vision or overall vision Blurred spot in the center field of vision
41
Wet amd s/s
Abrupt onset(blood vessels rupture) Rapid worsening and vision loss Well defined blurry/ blind spot of central vision
42
Treatment of MD
No cure only slowing of progression
43
Atrophic(dry)
Antioxidants, zinc, and selenium (vitamin a,c,e,) Diet fruits, vegetables, fish w omega 3 fatty acids
44
Exudative wet MD
Injections into eye / laser to get rid of blood vessels /neovascularizetion Or light therapy
45
Exudative WET MD treatment
Injections or laser in eye to help get rid of blood vessels or neuorvascularization Photodynamic (light) therapy
46
Diabetic retinopathy
Non prolifertative And prolifertative
47
Non-prolifertative
Most common Capillary micro aneurysm (Rupturing of capillaries in the eye)
48
Non prolifertative s/s
Retinal swelling Hard exudates ( any build up in eye will be harder build up) Macular edema (worsening of retinothopy) Blood vessels weaken and rupture so blood within macula Severe central vision loss
49
Prolifertative
New blood vessels formed (neovascularizetion ) Fragile and can rupture causing blood in the eye (bleeding in vitreous body and will block central vision ) Get regular eye checks and they feel like they are losing their vision or a curtain went over their vision get to specialist immediately because blood vessels can cause retinal detachment
50
Diabetic retinopathy
Initially. No changes in vision But over time visual acuity will decrease either rapid (detachment of retinal) or slowly depending on what is going on
51
When pt is a type 1 diabetic
Have eye exam within 5 years of diagnosis and annually after that
52
Type 2 diabetic
Schedule eye appointment upon diagnosis and annually after that
53
Diabetic retinopathy precautions
Maintain glycemica control and manage hypertension
54
Excercise precautions for diabetic retinopathy
Avoid jogging, weight lifting, playing instruments Can semi or stationary cycling ( low impact exercises)
55
Diabetic retinopathy treatment
Laser photocoagulation Vitrectomy Drugs to block actions of vascular enothelial growth factor
56
Diabetic retinopathy increases risk for
Glaucoma(neovascularizetion) and cataracts (type1,type 2 and corticosteroids use)

Module 4 (47 decks)

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