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Module 4 > Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) > Flashcards

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Flashcards

1
Q

How is HIV transmitted to?

A

Blood
Semen
Vaginal secretions
Breast milk
(Not through casual contact)

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2
Q

Person who is receiving semen both oral or even anal and normal

A

Are most at risk for getting HIV

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3
Q

If there is trauma

A

It increases chances of HIV

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4
Q

Which gender is more at risk for getting HIV?

A

Women
Greater tissue exposure through vaginal sex
And oral sex men

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5
Q

HIV

A

Retrovirus that causes immunosuppression making person more susceptible to infections

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6
Q

Contact with blood transmissions

A

Sharing drug using paraphernalia
Puncture wounds
Splash exposure if you have broken skin
Trauma through nose and blood on straw of cocaine

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7
Q

Person with herpes

A

Higher risk of having HIV because of open skin

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8
Q

Example of puncture wounds

A

During surgery someone hands you scalpal the wrong technique and get stuck by accident if not looking

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9
Q

Treatment of HIV while pregnant

A

Decreases transmission to baby by 2%

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10
Q

What cells do HIV target

A

CD4T cells
Type of lymphocyte
HIV binds to the cell and it will replicate

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11
Q

Acute symptoms

A

3-9 weeks
Then during clinal latency symptoms go down

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12
Q

Clinical latency

A

Vague symptoms

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13
Q

The Lower your T cell count

A

The more symptomatic

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14
Q

On average HIV kills how many T cells a day?

A

1 billion

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15
Q

Normal range of CD4 T cell count

A

800-1200

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16
Q

When tcell decreases less than 500

A

Pt will exhibit symptoms, not severe

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17
Q

Severe problems develop when

A

<200 T cells

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18
Q

10 years of untreated HIV

A

Will start to develop AIDS

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19
Q

8-10 years of HIV

A

Symptomatic infection

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20
Q

Acute infection symptoms

A

Flu like symptoms
Fever, swollen , lymph nodes, sore throat, headache, malaise, nausea,muscle, and joint pain , diarrhea, or a diffuse rash

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21
Q

How long does acute infection last

A

2to 4 weeks after exposure
Highly infectious around this time
T cells are able to fight it off (win at this stage)

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22
Q

Asymptomatic infection

A

T cells >500 cells & low viral load
S/s-vague or absent
High risk behaviors may continue
Untreated -develop aids occurs 10 years

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23
Q

Symptomatic infections cells

A

T cells 200-500
Increased viral load
Symptoms become worse
HIV advances to a more active stage

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24
Q

Symptomatic infections s/s

A

Severe fatigue , fever, night sweats , chronic diarrhea , frequent headaches

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25
Symptomatic infections/infections they can start to pick up
Shingles, persistent vaginal candidal infections Herpes(oral or genital) and bacterial infections
26
Candidal infections
Thrush SWish and swallow medicines to kill yeast Yeast-that is growing in mouth down esophagus
27
Kaposi sarcoma
Looks like a bruise dark violet /black Invades skin on torso and surface of organs Not painful
28
Hairy leukoplakia
Caused by Epstein bar virus Not painful Vertical striking of tongue Will occur during active phase
29
AIDS
Someone with a tcell count less than 200 or AIDS defining condition Will develop one or more of opportunistic infections
30
What to look for in aids
Infections Malignancies Wasting syndrome HIV related dementia
31
Pneumocystis Jerovecii pneumonia PJP(opportunistic)
Type of Funchal pneumonia not common with people with a healthy immune system Can be seen in AIDS pts or pt who are really immunosuppressed (after organ transplant)
32
Window period
Have HIV in the body but immune system is strong enough to keep the count low.it is not strong enough to be detected on a test just yet.
33
When is it recommended for pt to go back and get re tested for HIV
About 6 weeks
34
What are two things we monitor for HIV progression
We monitor T cells and viral load We want T cells to be high and viral to be low
35
Abnormal blood test
Decrease wbc Low platelet count Anemia associated with ART(antiretroviral therapy) Altered living function (Hepatitis b & c at high risk especially drug users
36
Resistance test
Can help determine if a pt is resistant to ART
37
Genotype assay
Tells us about the infection , gives us info about virus ,
38
Phenotype assay
Tells us which drugs might be the most effective for this particular case
39
What do we want to know as nurses
Disease progression and immune function, managing symptoms When to indicate and monitor art Prevent and or treat opportunistic infections Prevent or decrease complications or Therapies
40
What is a complication of ART?
Anemia
41
Initial pt visit
Gather baseline data Begin to establish report and use pt input to develop plan of care Initiate teaching about spectrum of HIV , treatment , preventing t
42
What should we be prepared to do during pt visit
To teach things more than once
43
Drug therapy goals
Decrease viral load Increase t counts Prevent HIV related symptoms and opportunistic diseases Delay disease progression Prevent HIV transmission
44
Drug interactions
St. John’s wort Antacids, proton pump inhibitors , supplements Encourage pt to take meds as prescribed so avoid drug resistace
45
What happens when pt isn’t ready to stick to drug regimen
Probably hold off on the medication until they are ready
46
Prevention is what during prevention against opportunistic diseases
KEEEY
47
Encourage not to take what kind of vaccines for HIV pt
Live vaccines
48
What can significantly increase life expectancy in an HIV pt
Effective pt management
49
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)
For high risk adult Teach safe sex practices and condoms Can no longer transmit disease
50
At risk pt
Received blood transfusion b4 1985 Shared needles Sexual experience with another person Had an STI
51
Assessment for HIV
Past health history Medications(what do they take) Functional health patterns(overall) Presence of symptoms using a system review(cause concern , long flu)
52
Goals for care
Compliance drug regimens Adopting healthy lifestyle Beneficial relationships Spiritual well being Coping with Disease and its treatment
53
HIV prevention
Avoid risky behaviors Modify risky behaviors Candid culturally sensitive language appropiate age specific info behavior change counseling Abstinence Safe sex Use of barriers
54
Perinatal transmission prevention
Ask if they plan on having kids because it can effect which drug they use ART Appropriately medicate HIV-infected pregnant women
55
Work exposure HIV
Adhere to precautions and safety measures to avoid exposure Report all exposures for timely treatment and counseling Post exposure prophylaxis with combo ART can significantly decrease infection
56
Reaction to positive HIV test
Panic, anxiety fear guilt depression denial anger hopelessness
57
ART
Complex (make sure they follow as prescribed) Has side effects Does not work for everyone Expensive
58
What can we do to avoid burn out and non adherence
Treatment recommended when immune suppression is great
59
Why adherence to ART is critical
To prevent disease progression Opurtubistic disease Viral drug resistance
60
How to delay desease progression
Adequate nutrition(chronic diarrhea, wasting syndrome need protein and proper diet) Current vaccination Health habits Avoid risky behaviors Supportive relationships
61
On death certificate of HIV pt it will probably say
They died of pneumonia but in the secondary slot it will say HIV
62
Metabolic disorders
LIPODYSTROPHY Hyperlipidemia Insulin resistance Hyperglycemia Bone disease Lactic acidosis Renal disease Cardiovascular disease
63
Gerontological
Death rate from opportunistic infections increase People 60 or older increasingly infected Comorbidities Polypharmacy

Module 4 (47 decks)

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