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Module 4 > Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) > Flashcards

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Flashcards

1
Q

How is HIV transmitted to?

A

Blood
Semen
Vaginal secretions
Breast milk
(Not through casual contact)

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2
Q

Person who is receiving semen both oral or even anal and normal

A

Are most at risk for getting HIV

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3
Q

If there is trauma

A

It increases chances of HIV

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4
Q

Which gender is more at risk for getting HIV?

A

Women
Greater tissue exposure through vaginal sex
And oral sex men

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5
Q

HIV

A

Retrovirus that causes immunosuppression making person more susceptible to infections

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6
Q

Contact with blood transmissions

A

Sharing drug using paraphernalia
Puncture wounds
Splash exposure if you have broken skin
Trauma through nose and blood on straw of cocaine

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7
Q

Person with herpes

A

Higher risk of having HIV because of open skin

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8
Q

Example of puncture wounds

A

During surgery someone hands you scalpal the wrong technique and get stuck by accident if not looking

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9
Q

Treatment of HIV while pregnant

A

Decreases transmission to baby by 2%

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10
Q

What cells do HIV target

A

CD4T cells
Type of lymphocyte
HIV binds to the cell and it will replicate

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11
Q

Acute symptoms

A

3-9 weeks
Then during clinal latency symptoms go down

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12
Q

Clinical latency

A

Vague symptoms

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13
Q

The Lower your T cell count

A

The more symptomatic

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14
Q

On average HIV kills how many T cells a day?

A

1 billion

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15
Q

Normal range of CD4 T cell count

A

800-1200

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16
Q

When tcell decreases less than 500

A

Pt will exhibit symptoms, not severe

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17
Q

Severe problems develop when

A

<200 T cells

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18
Q

10 years of untreated HIV

A

Will start to develop AIDS

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19
Q

8-10 years of HIV

A

Symptomatic infection

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20
Q

Acute infection symptoms

A

Flu like symptoms
Fever, swollen , lymph nodes, sore throat, headache, malaise, nausea,muscle, and joint pain , diarrhea, or a diffuse rash

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21
Q

How long does acute infection last

A

2to 4 weeks after exposure
Highly infectious around this time
T cells are able to fight it off (win at this stage)

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22
Q

Asymptomatic infection

A

T cells >500 cells & low viral load
S/s-vague or absent
High risk behaviors may continue
Untreated -develop aids occurs 10 years

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23
Q

Symptomatic infections cells

A

T cells 200-500
Increased viral load
Symptoms become worse
HIV advances to a more active stage

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24
Q

Symptomatic infections s/s

A

Severe fatigue , fever, night sweats , chronic diarrhea , frequent headaches

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25
Q

Symptomatic infections/infections they can start to pick up

A

Shingles, persistent vaginal candidal infections
Herpes(oral or genital) and bacterial infections

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26
Q

Candidal infections

A

Thrush
SWish and swallow medicines to kill yeast
Yeast-that is growing in mouth down esophagus

27
Q

Kaposi sarcoma

A

Looks like a bruise dark violet /black
Invades skin on torso and surface of organs
Not painful

28
Q

Hairy leukoplakia

A

Caused by Epstein bar virus
Not painful
Vertical striking of tongue
Will occur during active phase

29
Q

AIDS

A

Someone with a tcell count less than 200 or AIDS defining condition

Will develop one or more of opportunistic infections

30
Q

What to look for in aids

A

Infections
Malignancies
Wasting syndrome
HIV related dementia

31
Q

Pneumocystis Jerovecii pneumonia PJP(opportunistic)

A

Type of Funchal pneumonia not common with people with a healthy immune system

Can be seen in AIDS pts or pt who are really immunosuppressed (after organ transplant)

32
Q

Window period

A

Have HIV in the body but immune system is strong enough to keep the count low.it is not strong enough to be detected on a test just yet.

33
Q

When is it recommended for pt to go back and get re tested for HIV

A

About 6 weeks

34
Q

What are two things we monitor for HIV progression

A

We monitor T cells and viral load

We want T cells to be high and viral to be low

35
Q

Abnormal blood test

A

Decrease wbc
Low platelet count
Anemia associated with ART(antiretroviral therapy)

Altered living function
(Hepatitis b & c at high risk especially drug users

36
Q

Resistance test

A

Can help determine if a pt is resistant to ART

37
Q

Genotype assay

A

Tells us about the infection , gives us info about virus ,

38
Q

Phenotype assay

A

Tells us which drugs might be the most effective for this particular case

39
Q

What do we want to know as nurses

A

Disease progression and immune function, managing symptoms
When to indicate and monitor art
Prevent and or treat opportunistic infections
Prevent or decrease complications or Therapies

40
Q

What is a complication of ART?

A

Anemia

41
Q

Initial pt visit

A

Gather baseline data
Begin to establish report and use pt input to develop plan of care
Initiate teaching about spectrum of HIV , treatment , preventing t

42
Q

What should we be prepared to do during pt visit

A

To teach things more than once

43
Q

Drug therapy goals

A

Decrease viral load
Increase t counts
Prevent HIV related symptoms and opportunistic diseases
Delay disease progression
Prevent HIV transmission

44
Q

Drug interactions

A

St. John’s wort
Antacids, proton pump inhibitors , supplements
Encourage pt to take meds as prescribed so avoid drug resistace

45
Q

What happens when pt isn’t ready to stick to drug regimen

A

Probably hold off on the medication until they are ready

46
Q

Prevention is what during prevention against opportunistic diseases

A

KEEEY

47
Q

Encourage not to take what kind of vaccines for HIV pt

A

Live vaccines

48
Q

What can significantly increase life expectancy in an HIV pt

A

Effective pt management

49
Q

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)

A

For high risk adult
Teach safe sex practices and condoms
Can no longer transmit disease

50
Q

At risk pt

A

Received blood transfusion b4 1985
Shared needles
Sexual experience with another person
Had an STI

51
Q

Assessment for HIV

A

Past health history
Medications(what do they take)
Functional health patterns(overall)
Presence of symptoms using a system review(cause concern , long flu)

52
Q

Goals for care

A

Compliance drug regimens
Adopting healthy lifestyle
Beneficial relationships
Spiritual well being
Coping with Disease and its treatment

53
Q

HIV prevention

A

Avoid risky behaviors
Modify risky behaviors
Candid culturally sensitive language appropiate age specific info behavior change counseling
Abstinence
Safe sex
Use of barriers

54
Q

Perinatal transmission prevention

A

Ask if they plan on having kids because it can effect which drug they use ART

Appropriately medicate HIV-infected pregnant women

55
Q

Work exposure HIV

A

Adhere to precautions and safety measures to avoid exposure
Report all exposures for timely treatment and counseling
Post exposure prophylaxis with combo ART can significantly decrease infection

56
Q

Reaction to positive HIV test

A

Panic, anxiety fear guilt depression denial anger hopelessness

57
Q

ART

A

Complex (make sure they follow as prescribed)
Has side effects
Does not work for everyone
Expensive

58
Q

What can we do to avoid burn out and non adherence

A

Treatment recommended when immune suppression is great

59
Q

Why adherence to ART is critical

A

To prevent disease progression
Opurtubistic disease
Viral drug resistance

60
Q

How to delay desease progression

A

Adequate nutrition(chronic diarrhea, wasting syndrome need protein and proper diet)
Current vaccination
Health habits
Avoid risky behaviors
Supportive relationships

61
Q

On death certificate of HIV pt it will probably say

A

They died of pneumonia but in the secondary slot it will say HIV

62
Q

Metabolic disorders

A

LIPODYSTROPHY
Hyperlipidemia
Insulin resistance
Hyperglycemia
Bone disease
Lactic acidosis
Renal disease
Cardiovascular disease

63
Q

Gerontological

A

Death rate from opportunistic infections increase
People 60 or older increasingly infected
Comorbidities
Polypharmacy

Module 4 (47 decks)

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