Muscloskeletal Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Antiresorptive drugs

A

Estrogen
Ralxofene
Biphosponates
Calcitonin
Denosumab

Most beneficial in early stages of osteoporosis
Reduce osteoclast activity

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2
Q

Raloxophine

A

Hormone drug
Binds to estrogen
Uses- can help with osteoporosis and breast cancer
Preserves bone mineral density
Decrease risk of cardiovascular event
Lowers cholesterol

At risk for dvt - if a pt has a surgery they have to discontinue the med for 72 hours before surgery to decrease the risk (should not resume until they are fully mobile)
Risk for fetal harm ( make sure they are not pregnant)
Can cause hot flashes

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3
Q

Alendronate -biphosphonate

A

Can cause anorexia , weight loss, gastritis
(Drink full glass of water to help gastritis)
Take 30 min before food and other meds
Lay upright also for gastritis
Can also cause osteonecrosis of the jaw

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4
Q

Calcitonin

A

Give IM form at night to minimize side effects
Alternate through nostrils
Must use calcium supplementation
Giving calcitonin to get out of blood stream and you have to give calcium supplement so it will hopefully get absorbed in the bone

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5
Q

Denosumab

A

Used in post menopausal women and men at risk for fractures
Used every 6 months subq injection
Good for pt using corticosteroids

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6
Q

Bone forming agents

A

Teriparatide

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7
Q

Teriparatide

A

Form of parathyroid hormone PTH
Produced by recombinant DNA
Only drug that increases bone formation
But also increases osteo blas
Side effects- nausea headache back pain and leg cramps

BLACK BOX WARNING
Increased risk of osteosarcoma
Bone cancer (uncontrolled growth of cells

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8
Q

Drugs that weaken that bacterial cell wall

A

Cephalosporins vancomycin

Can be used for osteomyelitis or post op infection
Can also be used prophylacticly (just in case, infection prevention)
The toxicity is low
IM or IV
Similar to penicillin and bind with penicillin proteins
Kill off bacteria
Most effective against cells undergoing active growth and division

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9
Q

First generation and second generation (cefazolin and cofactor)

A

For prophylactic treatment

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10
Q

Third and fourth generation if (cefoperazone and cefepime)

A

If infection is active

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11
Q

Most widely used cephalosporin in med drug hospital

A

Cefazolin (first) and cefepime(fourth)

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12
Q

Drug interactions with cephalosporin

A

Probenecid
Alcohol
Drugs that promote bleeding
Calcium
Ceftriaxone
Just dont want to mix them

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13
Q

Side effects for cephalosporin

A

Allergic reaction
Bleeding
Thrombophlebitis
(Check platelet count)

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14
Q

Vancomycin

A

Used for active infection
Used for severe infection
Can treat mrsa , infection
Can give oral dose that’s treating cdiff

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15
Q

Adverse effects of vancomycin

A

Ototoxicity(hearing) (reversible or permanent)
Red man syndrome ( not always detrimental can stop give Benadryl and slow the rate )
Thrombophlebitis (common and Costic to vein )
Thrombocytopenia (rare) (low platelet count)

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16
Q

Bactericidal inhibitors of protien synthesis

A

amino glycosides
-gentamicin and tobramycin
Specifically attack gram negative basili

17
Q

Gentamycin and tobramycin

A

Can cause serious injury to inner ear and kidney
Not absorbed in GI tract (give IV)
Microbial resistant used for systemic infections

18
Q

Aminoglycosides

A

Have higher risk prefer cephlasporin
AND HAVE DRUG INTERACTION WITH PENICILLIN

19
Q

DOSING FOR AMINOGLYCOSIDES

A

SINGLE LARGE DOSE EACH DAY OR 2-3 SMALLER DOSE
PEAK LEVELS MUST BE HIGH ENOUGH TO KILL BACTERIA TROUGH LEVELS MUST BE LOW ENOUGH TO MINIMIZE TOXCITY
MONITOR SERUM LEVELS

20
Q

DOSING FOR AMINOGLYCOSIDES

A

SINGLE LARGE DOSE EACH DAY OR 2-3 SMALLER DOSE
PEAK LEVELS MUST BE HIGH ENOUGH TO KILL BACTERIA TROUGH LEVELS MUST BE LOW ENOUGH TO MINIMIZE TOXCITY
MONITOR SERUM LEVELS