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Module 4 > Musculoskelatal > Flashcards

Musculoskelatal Flashcards

1
Q

Antiresorptive drugs

A

Estrogen
Raloxifene
Biphosphonates
Calcitonin
Denusumab

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2
Q

Raloxifene

A

Hormone drug therapy
Similiar to estrogen and binds to estrogen receptors
Reduces bone resorption

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3
Q

Fractures

A

Break of a bone

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4
Q

Class to external enviroment -Open fracture-

A

Skin broken; bone exposed

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5
Q

Class according to external -closed fracture

A

Skin intact

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6
Q

Classes based on direction of fracture line

A

Transverse
Spiral
Green stick
Comminuted
Oblique
Pathological
Stress

Other-linear and longitudinal

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7
Q

Displaced fracture

A

Two ends separated from one another (comminuted or oblique)

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8
Q

Non displaced fracture

A

Periosteum is intact and bone is aligned
Usually transverse,spiral or green stick

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9
Q

What do we want to control when a pt comes in with a fracture

A

Swelling

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10
Q

S/s of fracture

A

Edema/swelling
Pain and tenderness
Muscle spasms
Deformity
Confusion
Loss of function
Crepitation
Guarding

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11
Q

Crepitation

A

It’s a sound or feeling crackling sensation when two end bones are rubbing together

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12
Q

Nursing assessment -objective

A

Apprehension
Guarding
Skin laceration, color changes
Hematoma, edema
Decrease or absent pulse
Decrease skin temp
Delayed capillary refill
Parenthesis
Absent or decrease or increase sensation
Restricted or loss of function
Deformities; abnormal angular ion
Shortening, rotation or Crepitation
Muscle weakness
Image finding

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13
Q

What image findings do we look at for a fracture?

A

CT scan , xray and mri

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14
Q

Apprehension

A

If its painful moving the extremity

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15
Q

Hematoma formation

A

Blood bringing nutrients to assist in healing to bone
Organizes into fibrous network and converts to granulation tissue

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16
Q

Callous formation

A

New bone is built up as osteoclast destroys dead bone

17
Q

Ossification

A

Of the callus occurs (3 weeks to 6 months

18
Q

Consolidation

A

Callus continues to develop, closing the distance between bone fragments (up to 1 year after injury )

19
Q

Remodeling

A

Is accomplished as excess callus is reabsorbed and trabecular bone is laid down

20
Q

Traction

A

Skin(bucks) and skelatal
Helps relieve tension and pressure

21
Q

Bucks traction

A

A type of traction that can be used with a hip knee or femur fracture

22
Q

Patients with a broken hip

A

Typically need to get into surgery fast. But in case they can’t you can use a buck traction in case they have bp out of wack , heart condition

23
Q

Skelatal traction

A

Long term
Pin or wire inserted in bone
Weights 5-45 pounds
Risk for infection
Higher risk later in life complications

24
Q

Nursing interventions for skelatal traction

A

Maintain counter traction by elevating end of bed ( 15- 20 degrees per physician orders)
Maintain continuous traction
We need to make sure we keep weights off the floor to avoid kicking them because they are attached to her leg

25
Q

Why is it important to elevate leg especially after a cast

A

Can cause the cast to be too tight because of the swelling an also if its a plastered or fibrous cast and you leave it in a dependent position it will stretch off the cast

Elevate above the heart for at least 24 hours but would even encourage 48
Watch for compartment syndrome

26
Q

6 ps

A

Pain
Pressure
Parenthesis
Pallor
Paralysis
Pulselessness

27
Q

Extrernal fixation

A

Metal pins and rods more functional than skelatal traction
Mostly for long bones

28
Q

External fixation nursing interventions /teaching

A

Assess for pin loosening an infection
P in site care
Patient teaching watch for drainage redness prulence o. Excessive bleeding on dressing
Also teach not to mess with them

29
Q

Magnesium can help

A

Relax the muscles

30
Q

Complications of immobility for renal calculi

A

Kidney stones - pt fluid level may not be as high so they are at risk

31
Q

Complications of immobility prevention cardiopulmonary reconditioning

A

Dvt risk, pulmonary embolism, pressure ulcer, pneumonia, interventions turn cough and deep breath and spirometer up in a chair 3x a day for meals, ted hose, SCD foot pumps

32
Q

Dietary requirements for fractures

A

Adequate protien 1g per kg
Vitamin b c d
Calcium
Magnesium
Fluid intake 2-3,000
High fiber diet with fruits and veggies

33
Q

Direct complications of fractures

A

Infection
Incorrect union
Necrosis

34
Q

Indirect complications of fractures

A

Compartment syndrome
Venous, thromboembolism
Fat embolism
Rhabdomyolysis
Hypovolemic shock

35
Q

Which fracture requires prophylactic treatment

A

Open fracture

36
Q

I& D

A

Go in with saline and clean it out anything with infection on it they scrape it out and often leave wound back or antibiotic beads

Don’t want it to turn into osteomyelitis

Module 4 (47 decks)

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