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Module 4 > Renal And Urulogic Probs > Flashcards

Renal And Urulogic Probs Flashcards

1
Q

Renal and urologic probs j

A

UTIs
Glomuerulonephritis
Urolithiasis
Bladder cancer
Renal cancer
Incontinence
Urinary - renal trauma

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2
Q

Cystitis

A

Inflammation of bladder
Bladder irritability **
Nocturnal enuresis
Frequency
Urgency
Suprapubic pain
Dysuria
Hematuria
Fever
Confusion in older adults

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3
Q

Pyelonephritis

A

Inflammation of kidneys
Flank pain (costco angle pain)
Dysuria
Mild fatigue malaise
Chills , fever , vomiting

Sams s/s as cystitis

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4
Q

Urosepsis

A

Caused by UTI medical emergency

Decrease BP increase HR

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5
Q

Urititis

A

Inflammation of ureters

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6
Q

Most common bacterial infection is caused by

A

E. coli

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7
Q

CAUTI

A

Catheter caused. Most common hospital acquired infection

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8
Q

Less frequent caused of UTI

A

Pseudomonas

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9
Q

UTI where can it be?

A

Anywhere from the kidney to ureter

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10
Q

Types of UTI

A

Cystitis
Urethritis
Pyelonephritis

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11
Q

Risk factors of uti

A

Immunosuppressed
Diabetes
History of kidney probs
Antibiotics
Traveling to diff countries
Catheter
Cystoscopes exam
Occupation (nurses)
STI
Menopause
Dooshing

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12
Q

Females with multiple sex partners and people with poor hygenie

A

Higher risk of UTI

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13
Q

Lower tract UTI

A

Cystitis
Urethritis
No systemic manifestations
Unless cystitis turns into pyelonephritis

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14
Q

S/s or urethritis

A

Pain, burning/ difficult urination
Frequency (voiding more than every 2 hours )
Urgency
Males - clear mucous discharge
Females lower abdominal discomfort
Nocturia

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15
Q

S/s cysistitis

A

Everything from urethritis
Bladder irritability
Hesitancy
Suprapubic pain
Incontinence
Nocturnal enuresis (voiding while sleeping)

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16
Q

UA of uti

A

Nitrates WBC
Leukocyte esterase

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17
Q

If they feel like something else is going on besides UTI

A

Ultrasound or CT

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18
Q

Clean catch

A

Midstream clean void
Pee, clean and pee again, keep hand outside of cup

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19
Q

If you are drawing from a catheter

A

Clean port with alcohol before putting syringe on it

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20
Q

Upper tract

A

Fever, chills , flank pain
Pyelonephritis inflammation of renal parenchyma and collection system can lead to injury

Usually begins in lower UTI
Vesicoureteral reflux
CAUTI

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21
Q

Dysfunction of lower urinary tract that causes upper tract infections

A

obstruction of BPH
Structure
Urinary stone
Cauti

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22
Q

Vesicoureteral reflux

A

Backward movement of urine from lower to upper urinary tract

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23
Q

Chronic pyelonephritis

A

Reoccurring episodes lead to scarred and poorly functioning kidney and chronic

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24
Q

S/s of pyelonephritis

A

Fever, chills
N/v
Fatigue , malaise
Flank pain/pain at Costco vertebral angle
(May present with s/s of cystitis

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25
Q

Diagnosis pyelonephritis

A

History
UA
Urine culture and sensitivity
US, CT, Cystoscopy)
CBC
Blood culture(if they suspects systemic)
Percussion for flank pain (cva)

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26
Q

Why should we take pyelonephritis serious

A

Can easily turn into urosepsis

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27
Q

Urosepsis

A

UTI that has spread systematically
Life threatening condition
Requiring emergent treatment
(E coli)

28
Q

UTI treatment/prevention

A

Antibiotics
Nsaids or antipyretic drug
Vitamin c
Urinary analgesics (phenazopyridine0
Fluids (iv, po , cranberry juice)

29
Q

Why do we give vitamin c

A

Immunosuppression

30
Q

Glomerulonephritis

A

Inflammation of glomeruli
Caused by bacterial infection (strep)
Focusing on acute

31
Q

Risk factors of GN

A

Kidney infections
Nephrotoxic drugs
Immunocomprimised system
Systemic disease

32
Q

Systemic disease example: if pt has lupus and they catch strep what can happen?

A

strep infection untreated that turns into GN tend to not have a good outcome (can lead to acute chronic kidney disease)

33
Q

Acute GN s/s

A

General body edema
Decrease urine output
Oliguria, hematuria, protienuria
Hypertension
BUN/creatine
History of group A strep
Evidence of immune mediated response

34
Q

In acute GN edema how will it start?

A

Facial and neck edema first

Then as it progresses it will turn into general

35
Q

Nursing management acute GN

A

Daily weights& I&O
Measure of abdominal girth
Medication
Diet

36
Q

What medications do acute GN pt take?

A

Antihypertensives
Diuretics
Corticosteriods

37
Q

what special diet should acute GN take?

A

Low sodium low to moderate protein / fluid restriction

38
Q

Nursing management GN

A

Teaching
Disease process
Meds
Follow up appointment
Avoid infections
Rest

39
Q

HAD STREP

A

Hypertension
AS0 tiger (+) this is a test for strep
Decreased GFR
Swelling face/eyes
Tea colored urine
Recent strep infection
Elevated BUN creatine
Protienuria

40
Q

What do we teach on GN?

A

The severity and how important to receive treatment because it can lead to disease

41
Q

Urinary tract calculus -urolithiasis

A

Kidney stones
More common in men
20-55 years old
White
Family history of stone formation
Personal history
Summer months

42
Q

Clinical manifestations of stones (renal calculus)

A

Pain
Sweaty
N/v urinalysis
+RBC
UTI like symptoms

43
Q

Diagnosis of renal calculi

A

Ultrasound to see if its passing
Ct scan IVP
Renal stone analysis retrograde pyelogram
Cystoscopy
Measure urine PH

44
Q

Nursing management renal calculi

A

Narcotics(morphine) and nsaids
Antiemetic
Alpha-adrenergic blockers
(Helps pass stone)

45
Q

lab functions to monitor for renal calculi

A

Increase BUN /creatine
UA
CBC

46
Q

Nursing management renal calculi 2

A

Vital signs
(BP , pulse elevated =pain)
Fluid management
I&O
Teaching
(Strain urine
Symptoms of infection/obstruction
Prevention)

47
Q

In the future what can we teach pt about prevention of renal calculi?

A

Avoid diet high in uric acid
Mushrooms , shell fish , beats, oxalate,tea,coffee chocolate

48
Q

How much hematuria is a goal for pt to have in renal calculi

A

Maintain free flow of urine with minimal hematuria

49
Q

What is important after teaching pt about renal calculi?

A

Make sure they verbalize understanding of disease process and measures to prevent recurrence

Also make sure pt report satisfactory pain relief

50
Q

Bladder cancer patho

A

Tumor formation
4th most common cancer in men
8th most common in women
Smoking is the most important risk factor

51
Q

Clinical manifestations of bladder cancer

A

Painless hematuria
Urine cytology
Lab looking for tumor markers
Cystoscopy ( check in bladder)
Imaging

52
Q

When are tumor markers typically found in bladder cancer?

A

By accident because they are usually looking for something else

53
Q

Nursing management for bladder cancer

A

Vital signs
Medication (chemo , immunotherapy)
Continuos bladder irrigation
I&O

54
Q

Murphy 3 way catheter

A

If pt is bleeding
Strict I&O is important and watch bags to make sure they wont dry

55
Q

Superficial or low grade bladder cancers

A

Consist of excision or removal through fulguration or laser ablation

56
Q

invasive bladder cancer

A

Radical cystectomy
Combined w neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy

57
Q

Renal cancer

A

Usually found in the cortex or pelvis of the kidney

58
Q

Clinical manifestations of renal cancer

A

Initially asymptomatic (found by mistake)
Classics triad (flank mass, flank pain and hematuria )
Weight loss(unexpected)
Hypertension
Fever
Anemia
Kidneys are effected not perfusing well.

59
Q

Diagnostic test of renal cancer

A

IVP (if kidneys are functional)
Ultrasound
Ct/mri
Urine cytology
Treatment
Biological immunotherapy or cytokinesis
Radical nephrectomy

60
Q

Nursing management renal cancer

A

Pain management
Iv hydration
Post op (bleeding incision latency of tubes /catheters
I&O

61
Q

Incontinence

A

H&P
Labs UA ,renal function imaging KUB IVP cystometrogram

62
Q

Goals for incontinence

A

Treatment is to prevent or stop urinary leakage

63
Q

Nursing management incontinence

A

Teaching
Meds
Kegel excercises
Skin care
Voiding diary
Emotional support

64
Q

Urinary renal trauma

A

Can range from confusion or hematoma to shattered kidney
Boxers, mma

65
Q

What do females experience in urethritis

A

Lower abdominal discomfort

66
Q

Why do males experience clear mucous like discharge in urethritis

A

Cause by STI

Module 4 (47 decks)

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