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Renal And Urulogic Probs Flashcards

1
Q

Renal and urologic probs j

A

UTIs
Glomuerulonephritis
Urolithiasis
Bladder cancer
Renal cancer
Incontinence
Urinary - renal trauma

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2
Q

Cystitis

A

Inflammation of bladder
Bladder irritability **
Nocturnal enuresis
Frequency
Urgency
Suprapubic pain
Dysuria
Hematuria
Fever
Confusion in older adults

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3
Q

Pyelonephritis

A

Inflammation of kidneys
Flank pain (costco angle pain)
Dysuria
Mild fatigue malaise
Chills , fever , vomiting

Sams s/s as cystitis

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4
Q

Urosepsis

A

Caused by UTI medical emergency

Decrease BP increase HR

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5
Q

Urititis

A

Inflammation of ureters

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6
Q

Most common bacterial infection is caused by

A

E. coli

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7
Q

CAUTI

A

Catheter caused. Most common hospital acquired infection

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8
Q

Less frequent caused of UTI

A

Pseudomonas

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9
Q

UTI where can it be?

A

Anywhere from the kidney to ureter

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10
Q

Types of UTI

A

Cystitis
Urethritis
Pyelonephritis

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11
Q

Risk factors of uti

A

Immunosuppressed
Diabetes
History of kidney probs
Antibiotics
Traveling to diff countries
Catheter
Cystoscopes exam
Occupation (nurses)
STI
Menopause
Dooshing

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12
Q

Females with multiple sex partners and people with poor hygenie

A

Higher risk of UTI

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13
Q

Lower tract UTI

A

Cystitis
Urethritis
No systemic manifestations
Unless cystitis turns into pyelonephritis

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14
Q

S/s or urethritis

A

Pain, burning/ difficult urination
Frequency (voiding more than every 2 hours )
Urgency
Males - clear mucous discharge
Females lower abdominal discomfort
Nocturia

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15
Q

S/s cysistitis

A

Everything from urethritis
Bladder irritability
Hesitancy
Suprapubic pain
Incontinence
Nocturnal enuresis (voiding while sleeping)

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16
Q

UA of uti

A

Nitrates WBC
Leukocyte esterase

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17
Q

If they feel like something else is going on besides UTI

A

Ultrasound or CT

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18
Q

Clean catch

A

Midstream clean void
Pee, clean and pee again, keep hand outside of cup

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19
Q

If you are drawing from a catheter

A

Clean port with alcohol before putting syringe on it

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20
Q

Upper tract

A

Fever, chills , flank pain
Pyelonephritis inflammation of renal parenchyma and collection system can lead to injury

Usually begins in lower UTI
Vesicoureteral reflux
CAUTI

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21
Q

Dysfunction of lower urinary tract that causes upper tract infections

A

obstruction of BPH
Structure
Urinary stone
Cauti

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22
Q

Vesicoureteral reflux

A

Backward movement of urine from lower to upper urinary tract

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23
Q

Chronic pyelonephritis

A

Reoccurring episodes lead to scarred and poorly functioning kidney and chronic

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24
Q

S/s of pyelonephritis

A

Fever, chills
N/v
Fatigue , malaise
Flank pain/pain at Costco vertebral angle
(May present with s/s of cystitis

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25
Diagnosis pyelonephritis
History UA Urine culture and sensitivity US, CT, Cystoscopy) CBC Blood culture(if they suspects systemic) Percussion for flank pain (cva)
26
Why should we take pyelonephritis serious
Can easily turn into urosepsis
27
Urosepsis
UTI that has spread systematically Life threatening condition Requiring emergent treatment (E coli)
28
UTI treatment/prevention
Antibiotics Nsaids or antipyretic drug Vitamin c Urinary analgesics (phenazopyridine0 Fluids (iv, po , cranberry juice)
29
Why do we give vitamin c
Immunosuppression
30
Glomerulonephritis
Inflammation of glomeruli Caused by bacterial infection (strep) Focusing on acute
31
Risk factors of GN
Kidney infections Nephrotoxic drugs Immunocomprimised system Systemic disease
32
Systemic disease example: if pt has lupus and they catch strep what can happen?
strep infection untreated that turns into GN tend to not have a good outcome (can lead to acute chronic kidney disease)
33
Acute GN s/s
General body edema Decrease urine output Oliguria, hematuria, protienuria Hypertension BUN/creatine History of group A strep Evidence of immune mediated response
34
In acute GN edema how will it start?
Facial and neck edema first Then as it progresses it will turn into general
35
Nursing management acute GN
Daily weights& I&O Measure of abdominal girth Medication Diet
36
What medications do acute GN pt take?
Antihypertensives Diuretics Corticosteriods
37
what special diet should acute GN take?
Low sodium low to moderate protein / fluid restriction
38
Nursing management GN
Teaching Disease process Meds Follow up appointment Avoid infections Rest
39
HAD STREP
Hypertension AS0 tiger (+) this is a test for strep Decreased GFR Swelling face/eyes Tea colored urine Recent strep infection Elevated BUN creatine Protienuria
40
What do we teach on GN?
The severity and how important to receive treatment because it can lead to disease
41
Urinary tract calculus -urolithiasis
Kidney stones More common in men 20-55 years old White Family history of stone formation Personal history Summer months
42
Clinical manifestations of stones (renal calculus)
Pain Sweaty N/v urinalysis +RBC UTI like symptoms
43
Diagnosis of renal calculi
Ultrasound to see if its passing Ct scan IVP Renal stone analysis retrograde pyelogram Cystoscopy Measure urine PH
44
Nursing management renal calculi
Narcotics(morphine) and nsaids Antiemetic Alpha-adrenergic blockers (Helps pass stone)
45
lab functions to monitor for renal calculi
Increase BUN /creatine UA CBC
46
Nursing management renal calculi 2
Vital signs (BP , pulse elevated =pain) Fluid management I&O Teaching (Strain urine Symptoms of infection/obstruction Prevention)
47
In the future what can we teach pt about prevention of renal calculi?
Avoid diet high in uric acid Mushrooms , shell fish , beats, oxalate,tea,coffee chocolate
48
How much hematuria is a goal for pt to have in renal calculi
Maintain free flow of urine with minimal hematuria
49
What is important after teaching pt about renal calculi?
Make sure they verbalize understanding of disease process and measures to prevent recurrence Also make sure pt report satisfactory pain relief
50
Bladder cancer patho
Tumor formation 4th most common cancer in men 8th most common in women Smoking is the most important risk factor
51
Clinical manifestations of bladder cancer
Painless hematuria Urine cytology Lab looking for tumor markers Cystoscopy ( check in bladder) Imaging
52
When are tumor markers typically found in bladder cancer?
By accident because they are usually looking for something else
53
Nursing management for bladder cancer
Vital signs Medication (chemo , immunotherapy) Continuos bladder irrigation I&O
54
Murphy 3 way catheter
If pt is bleeding Strict I&O is important and watch bags to make sure they wont dry
55
Superficial or low grade bladder cancers
Consist of excision or removal through fulguration or laser ablation
56
invasive bladder cancer
Radical cystectomy Combined w neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy
57
Renal cancer
Usually found in the cortex or pelvis of the kidney
58
Clinical manifestations of renal cancer
Initially asymptomatic (found by mistake) Classics triad (flank mass, flank pain and hematuria ) Weight loss(unexpected) Hypertension Fever Anemia Kidneys are effected not perfusing well.
59
Diagnostic test of renal cancer
IVP (if kidneys are functional) Ultrasound Ct/mri Urine cytology Treatment Biological immunotherapy or cytokinesis Radical nephrectomy
60
Nursing management renal cancer
Pain management Iv hydration Post op (bleeding incision latency of tubes /catheters I&O
61
Incontinence
H&P Labs UA ,renal function imaging KUB IVP cystometrogram
62
Goals for incontinence
Treatment is to prevent or stop urinary leakage
63
Nursing management incontinence
Teaching Meds Kegel excercises Skin care Voiding diary Emotional support
64
Urinary renal trauma
Can range from confusion or hematoma to shattered kidney Boxers, mma
65
What do females experience in urethritis
Lower abdominal discomfort
66
Why do males experience clear mucous like discharge in urethritis
Cause by STI

Module 4 (47 decks)

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