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A and P I > Visual Pathway, Smell, Taste, Ear Disorders > Flashcards

Visual Pathway, Smell, Taste, Ear Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Where medial optic nerve fibers from each eye cross over

A

Optic chiasma

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2
Q

Where optic chiasma join with lateral optic nerve fibers and continue

A

Optic tracts

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3
Q

Sensory information then passes through other structures until it reaches __________
A.k.a occipital lobes

A

Primary visual cortex

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4
Q

Axons of retinal ganglion cells form ________
Exits eye

A

Optic nerve

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5
Q

_______ optic tract carries representation of right half of visual field

A

Left

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6
Q

_______ optic tract carries representation of left half of visual field

A

Right

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7
Q

Visual cortex of brain fuses slightly different images, resulting in a three-dimensional image
Requires input from both eyes

A

Depth perception (3D)

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8
Q

Type of vision that many animals have; Eyes are placed more laterally on head, so that the visual fields overlap very little
“Pano”

A

Panoramic vision

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9
Q

Neural destruction beyond optic chiasma results in partial or loss of vision in opposite _________

A

Visual field

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10
Q

Sense of smell

A

Olfaction

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11
Q

Tasting something

A

Gustation

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12
Q

Complementary senses that let us know whether a substance should be savored or avoided

A

Smell and taste

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13
Q

Receptors used to smell and taste
Must be dissolved and picked up by receptors
Chemical stimuli

A

Chemoreceptors

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14
Q

Receptors excited by chemicals dissolved in nasal fluids

A

Smell receptors

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15
Q

Respond to chemicals dissolved in saliva
Receptors for taste

A

Taste receptors

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16
Q

Process of smell
Pseudostratified epithelium
Located in roof of nasal cavity
Covers nasal conchae

A

Olfaction

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17
Q

Neurons that are held in olfactory epithelium
Bipolar neurons with radiating olfactory cilia

A

Olfactory sensory neurons

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18
Q

Surround and cushion olfactory receptor cells
Produce thin mucous that covers olfactory cilia that airborne chemicals dissolve in
Located around hair cells

A

Supporting cells

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19
Q

Lie at base of epithelium

A

Olfactory stem cells

20
Q

Unmyelinated axons of olfactory sensory neurons gather to form filaments of this nerve

Axons protrude superiorly in openings of cribiform plate of ethmoid bone

A

Olfactory nerve

21
Q

Area of interaction between olfactory nerves and mitral cells

A

Glomeruli

22
Q

olfactory bulbs —— olfactory tract —– olfactory cortex

A

Impulse flow

23
Q

Distinctive smell

A

Odor

24
Q

Chemicals that make up odors

A

Oderants

25
Q

Some of what we smell is ______
Irritants damage receptors

A

Pain

26
Q

In order to smell something, it must be _______
In gaseous state, odorant must dissolve in olfactory epithelium fluid

A

Volatile

27
Q

People can’t smell a certain odor after being exposed for a continuous amount of time

A

Olfactory adaptation

28
Q

Olfactory disorders; most result from head injuries, inflammation, neurological disorders

A

Anosmias

29
Q

Think you smell something but it is not present

A

Olfactory hallucinations

30
Q

Sensory organs for taste

A

Taste buds

31
Q

Peglike projections of tongue mucosa
Where taste buds are

A

Papillae

32
Q

Gives tongue roughness to provide friction

A

Filiform papillae

33
Q

Mushroom papillae; house most taste buds
At front of tongue

A

Fungiform papillae

34
Q

Form V-shaped row in back of tongue

A

Vallate papillae

35
Q

Located on lateral aspects of posterior tongue

A

Foliate papillae

36
Q

Type of epithelial cell in taste bud; taste receptor with microvilli that project into taste pores

A

Gustatory epithelial cells

37
Q

Type of epithelial cell in taste bud; Dynamic stem cells that divide every 7-10 days

A

Basal epithelial cells

38
Q

Sugars, saccharin, alcohol, some amino acids

A

Sweet

39
Q

Hydrogen ions in solution

A

Sour

40
Q

Metal ions (inorganic salts); sodium chloride tastes saltiest

A

Salty

41
Q

Alkaloids such as nicotine, caffeine, and aspirin

A

Bitter

42
Q

Amino acids glutamate and aspartate
Beef or cheese
Savory

A

Umami

43
Q

Food chemical

A

Tastant

44
Q
  1. Dissolved in saliva
  2. Diffuse into taste pore
  3. Contact gustatory hairs
A

Requirements for taste

45
Q

Facial nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve, vagus nerve

A

3 Cranial Nerves of Gustatory Pathway

46
Q

Are taste disorders more common than smell disorders?

A

No

47
Q
A

A and P I (18 decks)

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