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A and P I > Chapter 3.2 > Flashcards

Chapter 3.2 Flashcards

Cell Transport

1
Q

No energy required

A

Passive membrane transport

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2
Q

Difference in concentration when comparing two solutions

A

Concentration gradient

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3
Q

ATP required
Moving against concentration gradient

A

Active membrane transport

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4
Q

Diffusion
Filtration

A

Two types of Passive Transport

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5
Q

Moving from areas to high concentration to low concentration

A

Diffusion

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6
Q

Concentration - Larger difference = faster
Molecular size - Smaller = faster
Temperature - High = faster

A

Factors that influence diffusion:

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7
Q

Nonpolar, lipid-soluble substances diffusion directly through phospholipid bilayer
Ex. oxygen, carbon dioxide, fat-soluble vitamins

A

Simple diffusion

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8
Q

Passive transport of substance across the cell membrane with the aid of either protein carriers or protein channels
Molecules that are too big to pass on their own

A

Facilitated diffusion

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9
Q

Formed by transmembrane proteins, have aqueous-filled cores
1. Leakage - always open
2. Gated - controlled by chemical or electrical signal

A

Channels

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10
Q

Transmembrane integral proteins that transport specific polar molecules that are too large for membrane channels
Protein will change its shape to let things in and out

A

Carriers

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11
Q

All carriers are bound to molecules and are busy

A

Saturated

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12
Q

Diffusion of solvent, such as water, across a selectively permeable membrane
Occurs when concentration is different on the two sides of a membrane
Movement from high free water concentration to low free water concentration

A

Osmosis

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13
Q

Water specific channel

A

Aquaporin

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14
Q

Measure of total concentration of solute particles in a solution

A

Osmolarity

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15
Q

Ability of a solution to change the shape or the tone of cells by altering the cell’s internal water volume
Tono = tension

A

Tonicity

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16
Q

Same solute concentration as inside the cell
No net loss or gain of water
Cells maintain their normal shape

A

Isotonic solution

17
Q

Higher concentration of solutes than inside of the cell
Water flows out of cell
Cell shrinks and shrivels (crenation)

A

Hypertonic solution

18
Q

Lower solute concentration than inside of cell
Water flows into the cell
Can swells and can burst (lysing)

A

Hypotonic solution

19
Q

Red blood cell lysis (bursting)

A

Hemolysis

20
Q

Can substances that are too large to pass through the membrane move passivley?

A

No

21
Q

Moves solute against the gradient
Uses solute pumps
1. Primary active transport
2. Second active transport

A

Active transport

22
Q

Carrier proteins that bind specifically and reversibly with substance being moved
Used in active transport

A

Solute pumps

23
Q

Hydrolysis of ATP occurs (phosphorylation), and energy is created directly from the process in pumps

A

Primary active transport

24
Q

Transport one substance into cell while transporting a different substance out of cell
Opposite directions

A

Antiporters

25
Q

Transport two different substances in the same direction

A

Symporters

26
Q

Depends on ion gradient that was created by primary active transport
Energy stored in gradients is used to indirectly to drive transport of other solutes

A

Secondary active transport (cotransport)

27
Q

Transport of large particles, macromolecules, and fluids across membrane in membranous sacs called vesicles
4 types: Endocytosis, exocytosis, transcytosis, vesicular trafficking

A

Vesicular transport

28
Q

Endocytosis

A

Transport into cell

29
Q

Exocytosis

A

Transport out of cell

30
Q

Transcytosis

A

Transport into, across, and then out of cell

31
Q

Vesicular trafficking

A

Transport from one area of the cell to another

32
Q

Cell engulfs a large particle by forming projecting pseudopods around it and closing it with membranous sac

A

Phagocytosis

33
Q

Cell “gulps” a drop of extracellular fluid containing solutes into tiny vesicles
Drop = small = pino

A

Pinocytosis

34
Q

Extracellular substances bind to specific receptor proteins, enabling the cell to ingest and concentrate specific substances (ligands) in protein coated vesicles

A

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

A and P I (18 decks)

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