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A and P I > Chapter 15.7 Ear Anatomy > Flashcards

Chapter 15.7 Ear Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Shell shaped structure surrounding external acoustic meatus
Composed of elastic cartilage covered with thin skin
Function: funnels sound waves into auditory canal

A

Auricle

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2
Q

Cartilaginous rim in auricle

A

Helix

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3
Q

Fleshy earlobe of auricle

A

Lobule

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4
Q

Short, curved tube; Lined with skin bearing hairs, sebaceous glands, and ceruminous (earwax) glands
Transmits sound waves to eardrum

A

External acoustic meatus (auditory canal)

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5
Q

Boundary between external and middle ears; Thin, translucent connective tissue membrane
A.k.a eardrum
Vibrates in response to sound
Transfers sound energy to bones of middle ear

A

Tympanic membrane

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6
Q

Small, air-filled mucosa-lined cavity in temporal bone
Flanked laterally by eardrum and medially by bony wall
Bony wall contains: oval, round membranous windows

A

Middle ear

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7
Q

If _____ is not equal on both sides of tympanic membrane, sounds are distorted

A

Pressure

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8
Q

Connects middle ear to nasopharynx, equalizes pressure in middle ear with external air pressure
Formerly called eustachian tube
Usually flattened tube, but can be opened by yawning or swallowing to equalize pressure

A

Pharyngotympanic tube

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9
Q

Three small bones in tympanic cavity, named for shape
Bones: Malleus, Incus, Stapes
Transmit vibratory motion of eardrum to oval window

A

Auditory ossicles

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10
Q

The ‘hammer’ is secured to eardrum

A

Malleus

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11
Q

The ‘anvil’ portion, in the middle

A

Incus

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12
Q

The “stirrup” base fits into oval window
Most interior bone

A

Stapes

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13
Q

Muscle that contracts reflexively in response to loud sounds to limit ossicle vibration and limit damage to hearing receptors

A

Tensor tympani

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14
Q

Middle ear inflammation
Commonly seen in children with sore throat
Most frequent cause of hearing loss in children
Acute infectious forms cause eardrum to bulge outward and become inflamed

A

Otitis media

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15
Q

A.k.a labyrinth
Located in temporal bone behind eye socket
2 divisions: bony labyrinth, membranous labyrinth

A

Inner ear

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16
Q

System of bony channels and cavities in the temporal bone
3 regions: vestibule, semicircular canals, cochlea
Filled with perilymph fluid (similar to CSF)

A

Bony labyrinth

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17
Q

Inside of bony labyrinth, containing series of membranous sacs and ducts
Filled with potassium rish endolymph

A

Membranous labyrinth

18
Q

Central eg-shaped cavity of bony labyrinth
Contains two membranous sacs: saccule and utricle
Sacs house equilibrium receptor regions called maculae

A

Vestibule

19
Q

Continuous with semicircular ducts; superior part of vestibule

A

Utricle

20
Q

Continuous with cochlear duct; part of vestibule

A

Saccule

21
Q

Respond to gravity and changes in position of head; Flat epithelium patch containing hair cells and support cells
Part of utricle

A

Maculae

22
Q

Part of hair cells called stereocilia, very special one

A

Kinocilium

23
Q

Jelly-like mass studded with otoliths; stereocilia embedded here

A

Otolith membrane

24
Q

Increase membrane’s weight and increase its inertia

A

Otolitlhs

25
Q

Three canals oriented in three planes of space: anterior, lateral, and posterior

A

Semicircular canals

26
Q

Line each semicircular canal and communicate with utricle

A

Membranous circular canal

27
Q

Enlarged area of ducts of each canal that houses equilibrium receptor region

A

Ampulla

28
Q

Contains receptors that respond to angular (roational) movements of the head
Each crista has supporting cells and hair cells that extend into a gel like mass = ampullary cupula

A

Crista ampullaris

29
Q

Small, spiral, conical bony chamber that extends from vestibule
Can be divided into 3 chambers, including cochlear duct

A

Cochlea

30
Q

What are the three chambers of the chochlea?

A
  1. Scala vestibuli
  2. Scala media
  3. Scala tympani
31
Q

Touches oval window, contains perilymph

A

Scala vestibuli

32
Q

A.k.a. cochlear duct
Contains endolymph
Houses spiral organ which contains receptors for hearing

A

Scala media

33
Q

Terminates at round window; contains perilymph

A

Scala tympani

34
Q

Where scala tympani and scala vestibuli are continuous with each other

A

Helicotrema

35
Q

“Roof” of cochlear duct that separates scala media from scala vestibuli

A

Vestibular membrane

36
Q

What “Floor” of cochlear duct is composed

A

Basilar membrane

37
Q

External wall of scala media

A

Stria vascularis

38
Q

Bony pillar that cochlea coils around

A

Modiolus

39
Q

Gel-like substance where stereocilia of spiral organ are enmeshed

A

Tectorial membrane

40
Q

The ________ branch of cranial nerve III runs from spiral organ to brain

A

Cochlear

41
Q

The _________ branch of cranial nerve III runs from hair cells in the utricle, saccule, and

A

Vestibular

42
Q
A

A and P I (18 decks)

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