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Physiology 2130 > Vision - Eye and Retina > Flashcards

Vision - Eye and Retina Flashcards

1
Q

Which range of vision is the human eye sensitive to

A

The visible range 400-700nm

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2
Q

Examples of long vs short wavelength

A

Long: Radiowaves
Short: Gamma Rays

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3
Q

Where is the visual cortex

A

Occipital Lobe

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4
Q

What is the visual path

A

Eye>Optic Nerve> Optic Chiasm>Optic Tract>Lateral Geniculate body(Thalamus)>Primary visual cortex

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5
Q

What are the retinal targets

A
  1. Lateral geniculate nucleus (thalamus)
  2. Superior colliculous
  3. Pretecum-Edinger Westphal nucleus
  4. Hypothalamus
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6
Q

What is the definition of visual acuity

A

The capacity of the visual system to resolve fine spatial detail

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7
Q

What are the 3 factors of visual acuity

A
  1. Stimulus
  2. Eye
  3. Central visual pathways
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8
Q

What is Snellen acuity

A

When you view the letter chart at 20ft

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9
Q

What is 20/20 vision

A

at 20ft a viewer can detect 1 degree critical features

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10
Q

What is lower visual actuity

A

at 20ft, you can see like normal people at 40ft. (20/40)

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11
Q

What is higher visual acuity

A

at 20ft you can see like normal people at 15ft (20/15)

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12
Q

What does it mean to be legally blind

A

When a persons best corrected vision is 20/200 or worse

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13
Q

What is the sclera

A

The white part of the eye (90%)

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14
Q

What is the orbit?

A

The boney captivity that protects the orbit

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15
Q

What is the cornea

A

A clear sheet in front of the pupil and iris

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16
Q

What is the conjunctiva

A

Little space inside of the eyelid

17
Q

What is the lens

A

The inside of the pupil. the disk being pulled in and out of focus by the zone fibers and ciliary muscles

18
Q

What is the Aqueous Humor of the eye

A

It is between the cornea and the lens

19
Q

What is the Vitreous Humor of the eye

A

Between the lens and the retina

20
Q

What is the retina

A

A wall of photoreceptors at the back of the eye

21
Q

What is the fovea

A

A spot in the retina where there are no rod cells

22
Q

What are the 5 cell types of the retina

A
  1. Ganglion
  2. Amacrine
  3. Bipolar
  4. Horizontal
  5. Photoreceptors
23
Q

What are the 2 retinal layers

A
  1. Nuclear layer - Where the cell bodies are

2. Plexiform layer - where the synapse and axons are

24
Q

What is the order of the retinal layers?

A 
Ganglion cell layer
Inner plexiform layer
Inner nuclear layer
Outer plexiform layer
Outer nuclear layer
Photoreceptor outer segments
25
Q

How many layers of cells lines the back of the retina

A

3

26
Q

What lines the back of the retinal wall

A

The epithelium wall is after the photoreceptors and is black

27
Q

What are the 2 main parts of a photoreceptor

A

Outer segment - photosensitive part

inner segment - contains the cell body

28
Q

What are the 2 types of photoreceptors

A

Rod and cone

29
Q

What are cone cells

A

Colour sensitive
Used during daylight conditions
5 million in each retina
Fovea only consists of cones

30
Q

What are rod cells

A

Light sensitive
Used during dim lighting conditions
120 million per retina

31
Q

Which retinal contains the blind spot

A

Nasal retina

-usually bigger

32
Q

What is the distribution of rods to cones like in the retina

A

Rods are more likely to be on the periphery (except on the fovea and blind spot)
Cones are concentrated in our central vision (fovea)

33
Q

What is the optic disk

A

The blind spot in which no photoreceptors are present, there all the ganglion cell axons gather to form the optic nerve

34
Q

What is the fovea

A

A pit in the back of the retina where ganglion and bipolar cells are pushed to the side. This allows for the light to have an easier time striking the photoreceptors

35
Q

What is the blind spot

A

Area without receptors

-1 million ganglion cell axons leave the eye from the optic nerve

36
Q

What is phototransduction

A

converting light into electricity

-photoreceptor segment is where this occurs

Physiology 2130 (44 decks)

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