Hypothalamus and limbic System

Question 1

What is the hypothalamus composed of?

Answer 1

Neurons which control the internal environment

Question 2

What does the hypothalamus influenced by and work with?

Answer 2

Limbic system: higher control system located in the brain

Question 3

Why is the position of the hypothalamus important?

Answer 3

It is in an area in which it can influence the ANS, Pituitary glad and the endocrine system
-can also integrate info about visceral functions in the internal environment together with the information from CNS (peripheral nervous system) that signals about the external environment and past experiences

Question 4

In the brain where is the hypothalamus located?

Answer 4

Beneath the thalamus and about the pituitary gland

-extends from the pre-optic region near the optic chiasma postally to the mammillary bodies caudally

Question 5

What are the 9 functions of the hypothalamus?

Answer 5

1. Control of the ANS (BP,hormones, respiration)
2. Neuroendocrine control (Posterior pituitary, catecholamine release)
3. Reproduction (behaviour and hormones)
4. Water Balance and Exchange (release and absorption of water)
5. Sodium Balance Exchange (plasma osmolarity)
6. Body Energy Balance and Exchange (nutrient intake and metabolism)
7. Drive and Emotions (Feeding, attack behaviour)
8. Circadian Rythme (24hr biological rythme)
9. Body Temperature Regulation

Question 6

What is the inside of the hypothalamus composed of?

Answer 6

Multiple sub nuclei that is devoted to controlling a certain body function

Question 7

How do the hypothalamic nuclei know what they are doing?

Answer 7

Every nuclei is connected to another and they are all able to talk to each other to know what is going on and to signal to each other which section does what and how much
-reciprocal connections

Question 8

What is the difference between the posterior and anterior pituitary interns of substances being released?

Answer 8

Posterior: Are released right into the blood stream
Anterior: Need to be turned on to release something

Question 9

What are the 8 hypothalamic nuclei that we need to know?

Answer 9

1. Supraoptic
2. Suprachiasmatic
3. Arcuate
4. Paraventricular
5. Lateral
6. Preoptic/Anterior Hypothalamic Region
7. Posterior Hypothalamus
8. Basomedial Hypothalamus

Question 10

Why does the hypothalamus associates with the limbic system? What is the end goal basically?

Answer 10

Contributes to the higher order integration of autonomic, endocrine and behavioural responses for homeo static regulation of the internal environment and for adaptation of the animal to the continuously changing external environment
-makes sure housekeeping chores occur routinely

Question 11

Why type of information does the hypothalamus receive (mostly) from the limbic system?

Answer 11

Motion and memory information is fed into the hypothalamus ignorer for the hypothalamus to know what to do next
-also takes what you did in the past to fix the problem into account and whether or not you can do the same thing

Question 12

What is the hypothalamus considered the master controller of?

Answer 12

The autonomic nervous system

Question 13

Since the hypothalamus controls the the ANS, what happens to the following when we active the posterior hypothalamic neurons?

• Blood Pressure
• Heart Rate
• Gastrointestinal mobility
• Pupil Size

Answer 13

BP: SNS is turned on and will INCREASE blood pressure
Heart Rate: SNS is turned on to INCREASE heart rate
Gastro Motility: SNS is turned on and DECREASES motility
Pupil Size: SNS is turned on to INCREASE pupil size

Question 14

Since the hypothalamus controls the the ANS, what happens to the following when we active the anterior hypothalamic neurons?

• Blood Pressure
• Heart Rate
• Gastrointestinal mobility
• Pupil Size

Answer 14

BP: PSNS is turned on to DECREASE blood pressure
Heart Rate: PSNS is turned on to DECREASE heart rate
Gastro Motility: PSNS is turned on to INCREASE motility
Pupil Size: PSNS is turned on to DECREASE pupil size