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Physiology 2130 > Transport Mechanisms > Flashcards

Transport Mechanisms Flashcards

1
Q

What determines the specific function of the different parts of the nephron?

A

Based on the cells that make up that portion of the tubule

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2
Q

What is urine?

A

The products that they body needs to rid it of and that the body no longer needs

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3
Q

What % fluid does the proximal tubule filter?

A

65% is filtered and reabsorbed

-Na, K, Cl, H2O, AA Glucose

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4
Q

What % fluid does the loop of Henle filter?

A

20% is filtered and reabsorbed

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5
Q

What does each side of the loop of Henle filter?

A

Descending Loop –> H2O and minimal Na

Ascending Loop –> Na, K, Cl

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6
Q

What %R fluid does the Distal tubule and Collecting duct filter?

A

14% is filtered and reabsorbed

  • Distal: Na, K, Cl, Ca
  • Collecting: Na, H2O *fine tunes these depending on hormone balance
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7
Q

What is the tubule made up of?

A

Single layer of epithelial cells linked by junctions

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8
Q

What is the apical/luminal membrane?

A

The membrane of a tubule epithelial cell facing the inside of the tubule

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9
Q

What is the basolateral membrane?

A

The membrane of a tubule epithelial cell facing the outside of the tubule

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10
Q

What are the 2 forms of tubule transport?

A
  1. Reabsorption

2. Secretion

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11
Q

What are the 2 kinds of reabsorption?

A
  1. Paracellular

2. Transcellular

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12
Q

What is paracellular transport?

A

When ions/substances within the tubule move in-between tubule cells
-1 step process

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13
Q

What is Transcellular transport?

A

When ions/substances within the tubule move through tubule cells
-2 step process passing through luminal and basolateral membrane

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14
Q

What is secretion in terms of tubule transport?

A

When substances from the capillaries enters the tubule usually always transcellular

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15
Q

What are the 3 transport mechanisms?

A
  1. Channels
  2. Transporters
  3. Primary active transporters
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16
Q

Describe the transport mechanism for channels?

A
  • Simple diffusion mechanism
  • Basic ion channel
  • Protein lined pores that allow specific substances through
  • Driven by [] gradient or electrochemical gradient
17
Q

What are the 3 types of transporters?

A
  1. Uniporters
  2. Symporters
  3. Antiporters
18
Q

What is a uniporter?

A

Permits the movement of a single molecule through the membrane via protein configuration

  • protein carrier that binds the molecule
  • can become saturated
19
Q

What is a symporter?

A

Permits the movement of 2 molecules in the same direction across a membrane
-at least 1 molecule must move down its [] gradient to move both molecules

20
Q

What is secondary active transport?

A

When one molecules energy derived [] gradient is used to do work without ATP

21
Q

What are antiporters?

A

Permits the movement of 2 molecules in opposite directions across a membrane.
-molecule must move down [] gradient for the other molecule to move

22
Q

What is a Primary Active Transporter

A

Requires ATP to move molecules against their [] gradient

-protein carrier embedded in the membrane

23
Q

What are the 3 ways in which transporters are regulated in the kidney?

A
  1. Regulation at the level of Gene Expression
  2. Regulation at the level of Cellular Location
  3. Regulation at the level of Activity
24
Q

What does it mean when you have a regulated transporter?

A

A specific transporter/channel is changed in its function in response to a hormone

25
Q

What does it mean when you have a non-regulated transporter?

A

Transport occurs at a constant rate

26
Q

What is Regulation at the level of Gene Expression?

A

When you take the DNA sequence and make more transporters/channels
-can express the channel/transporter more or less depending on the hormone level

27
Q

What is Regulation at the level of Cellular Location?

A

Protein carriers can only work when they are in the membrane. If they are floating around they are not able to perform their function

28
Q

What is Regulation at the level of Activity?

A

When it is possible to make the transporter/channel better, faster or slower depending on hormone levels

Physiology 2130 (44 decks)

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