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Physiology 2130 > Glomerular Filtration and Calculations > Flashcards

Glomerular Filtration and Calculations Flashcards

1
Q

Is everything able to into Bowmans space?

A

No, due to 3 barriers of filtration

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2
Q

What limits surface area for filtration?

A

Slits between podocytes

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3
Q

What is the % of blood that is filtered into Bowmans space from each glomerulus?

A

20%

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4
Q

How does unfiltered blood exit the capillaries?

A

Leaves through the efferent arterial

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5
Q

What are the 4 pressures that affect glomerular filtration?

A
  1. Hydrostatic Pressure of Glomerular Capillaries
  2. Colloid Osmotic pressure of Glomerular Capillaries
  3. Hydrostatic Pressure of Bowmans Capsule
  4. Colloid Osmotic Pressure of Bowmans Capsule
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6
Q

What happens when net filtration pressure is positive?

A

Plasma will filter into Bowmans space

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7
Q

What happens when net filtration pressure is 0 or less?

A

Plasma will not filter out of the glomerular capillaries

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8
Q

What is proper filtration pressure?

A

10mmHg

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9
Q

What is Hydrostatic Pressure of Glomerular Capillaries?

A

The pressure of the fluid in the glomerulus

  • pressure caused by blood flowing into the glomerulus
  • promotes filtration
  • largest pressure (55mmHg)
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10
Q

What is colloid osmotic pressure of glomerular capillaries?

A

Within the glomerulus there are proteins which are attracted to water.

  • The pressure is caused by the presence of proteins in the glomerulus
  • inhibits filtration (30mmHg)
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11
Q

What is Hydrostatic pressure of Bowmans capsule?

A

The pressure caused by filtrate that remains in Bowmans space
-inhibits filtration (15mmHg)

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12
Q

What is Colloid osmotic pressure of Bowmans Capsule?

A

Pressure caused by the presence of proteins IF in Bowmans capsule (because proteins shouldn’t be in this space)
-Promotes filtration IF proteins are present in Bowmans Space

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13
Q

What is the Globular Filtration Rate (GFR)?

A

The amount of fluid/solutes that are filtered per unit time into Bowmans space

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14
Q

What happens when if renal blood flow or blood pressure increases?

A

Would result in an increase in net filtration

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15
Q

What are the 2 things that affect GFR?

A

Net Filtration Pressure

Filtration Coefficient

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16
Q

What is the filtration coefficient?

A

Due to the leakiness of the globular capillaries

  • really hard to measure
  • influenced by the surface area of the capillaries and the permeability between capillaries
17
Q

What happens when GFR increases and decreases?

A

When GFR increases more solutes are excreted

When GFR decreases less solutes are excreted

18
Q

What is Net Filtration pressure influenced by?

A

Renal Blood flow

Blood Pressure

19
Q

What is the filtration coefficient influenced by?

A

The surface area of the capillaries available for filtration

The permeability of barriers between capillaries and Bowmans Capsule

20
Q

How do wed regulate GFR?

A

Auto-regulatory mechanisms are triggered to maintain blood pressure within the glomerulus of each nephron even when body blood pressure is high

21
Q

What are the 2 auto-regulatory mechanisms used to regulate GFR?

A

Myogenic response

Tubuloglomerular Feedback

22
Q

What is the Myogenic response?

A

Quickly modifies how much fluid is being filtered

-modifies how fast blood is going through the corpuscle

23
Q

What is tubuloglomerular feedback?

A

When the actual content of the filtrate can also regulate the GFR locally with help of the macula dense cells

24
Q

What is the function of the macula dense cells?

A

Act as salt detectors in tubuloglomerular feedback

25
Q

In tubuloglomerular feedback, what happens when blood pressure increases?

A

Increased blood pressure increases the amount of fluid being filtered. As a consequence of that is the increase in NaCl being filtered. When NaCl is too high, macula dense cells release a paracrine factor that stimulate the afferent arteriole specifically to constrict and therefore reduce GFR

26
Q

How is the GFR mostly regulated?

A

Via local constriction of the afferent and efferent arterioles

27
Q

What happens to filtration when the afferent arteriole constricts?

A

A decrease in diameter will decrease blood flowing into the glomerulus.
-less blood=less pressure=less fluid can filter

28
Q

What happens when the efferent arteriole constricts?

A

A decrease in diameter increases the GFR

  • Blood cant leave as fast, pooling up in the corpuscle
  • Pressure of blood increases= increases filtration rate
29
Q

What happens when both afferent and efferent arterioles are restricted?

A

GFR decreases

  • but the first constriction (afferent) is more important
  • there is less blood entering through afferent
30
Q

How do you measure GFR?

A

Through urine analysis

31
Q

What is the excretion equation?

A

Filtration - Reabsorption + Secretion

32
Q

What is the right substance to test GFR with?

A

A substance that is filtered easily but not reabsorbed into the body and it fully excreted in the urine

33
Q

What are some examples of the “right” substance to measure GFR in urine?

A

Waste products

Creatinine

34
Q

Where does creatinine come from?

A

Creatinine comes from Creatine which is found in bones. The amount of Creatinine will depend on how much bone you have

35
Q

What is renal handling?

A

What happened to the substance after it got filtered into Bowmans space

36
Q

What is the filtered load equation?

A

[X]substance in plasma x GFR

37
Q

How can % reabsorption change?

A

Depending on how much is ingested

Physiology 2130 (44 decks)

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