Cardio - General Function, Organization and Anatomy of Circulation

Question 1

What are the 4 functions of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 1

1. Transports O2 and nutrients to body tissues
2. Removes CO2 and waste products from tissues
3. Functions to regulate body temp and pH
4. Transports and distributes hormones and other substances throughout the body
   - all an effort to maintain homeostasis

Question 2

What are the 3 components of the cardiovascular transport system?

Answer 2

1. Central pump
2. Closed system of blood vessels
3. Blood (fluid medium) through which various substances are transported

Question 3

What are the 2 circular systems?

Answer 3

Pulmonary circulation

Systematic circulation

Question 4

What is the difference between pulmonary and systematic circulation systems?

Answer 4

Pulmonary has blood vessels that carry to and from the lungs
Systematic has blood vessels that carry blood to and from the rest of the body

Question 5

Why is the heart excluded from both circulatory systems?

Answer 5

Because the term circulatory system revers only to the blood vessels

Question 6

What is the main function of the pulmonary circulation?

Answer 6

In combination with the lungs provides an exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the blood

Question 7

How does blood go into the pulmonary artery?

Answer 7

By contracting the right ventricle (RV)

-this blood is low in O2 but high in CO2

Question 8

What does the pulmonary artery turn into?

Answer 8

Branches into smaller and smaller vessels until they become pulmonary capillaries

Question 9

What happens in the tiny pulmonary capillaries?

Answer 9

Blood takes up O2 from the air and removes some CO2

Question 10

Where to the pulmonary capillaries drain into?

Answer 10

Venules–> Pulmonary vein which carries the O2 rich blood back to the left atrium (LA)

Question 11

What happens when the LA contracts?

Answer 11

The blood is pumped into the left ventricle (LV)

Question 12

What happens when the LV contracts?

Answer 12

Blood is pumped into the aorta

-start of the systematic circulation

Question 13

What does the aorta split into?

Answer 13

Numerous and smaller arteries for distribution of blood into the tissues

Question 14

What do arteries split into?

Answer 14

Arteries–>smaller arteries–>Arteriols–>Capillaries

Question 15

What happens at the arterial capillaries?

Answer 15

Capillaries are the exchange vessels where O2 and nutrients pass into the tissues and CO2 and waste are taken up into the blood

Question 16

What do the arterial capillaries join up with?

Answer 16

Reunite to form the venues and veins which return the venous blood back to the RA, then blood flows to the RV

Question 17

What are the main functions of the valves in the heart?

Answer 17

To ensure the forward movement of blood

Question 18

What is TBV?

Answer 18

Total blood volume

Question 19

What is a normal TBV?

Answer 19

5-6L

Question 20

What is the breakdown of TBV?

Answer 20

Heart + pulmonary circulation= 15% (750ml)
Systematic + arterial system= 10% (500ml)
Systematic capillaries= 5% (250ml)
Systemic circuit= 70%

Question 21

Why is 5% significant TBV for the capillaries?

Answer 21

Capillaries have the largest combined cross sectional area in the circulatory system. When a small amount of blood is exposed to a very large surface area it facilitates very efficient exchange of substances between blood and tissue

Question 22

Why are valves important in the 70% TBV of the systemic circuit?

Answer 22

Low pressure environment of the veins requires the presence of valves to ensure that the blood flows in only one direction

Question 23

What is the superior and inferior vena cava?

Answer 23

Superior brings blood back to the RA from anywhere above the heart

Inferior brings blood back to the RA from anywhere below the heart

Question 24

What is the RA?

Answer 24

Contains the CO2 rich blood from all parts of the body to be pumped into the RV

Question 25

What is the right AV valve?

Answer 25

Also known as the tricuspid valve is the valve that allows blood flow from the RA to the RV

Question 26

What is the Pulmonary artery?

Answer 26

After contraction occurs, the CO2rich blood is pumped into the pulmonary valve and taken to the lungs

Question 27

What is the pulmonary veins?

Answer 27

Bring oxygenated blood back from the lungs into the LA

Question 28

What is the LA?

Answer 28

Left atrium contains the O2 rich blood from the pulmonary veins

Question 29

What is the left AV valve?

Answer 29

Also known as the bicuspid valve, allows O2 rich blood to flow into the LV

Question 30

What is the LV?

Answer 30

Left ventricle contains O2 blood and is pumped to the rest of the body through the aortic valve

Question 31

Why is muscle thickness different on the left vs right ventricle?

Answer 31

Thin on the right side is because the blood only has to be pumped into the lungs which aren’t too far away.

Thick on the left because the heart needs more force to push the blood to the rest of your body

Question 32

What separates the 2 ventricles?

Answer 32

The septum