Vision 2

Question 1

what is another name for extrinsic eye muscles ?

Answer 1

extra ocular muscles

Question 2

from which ring do the rectus muscles arise from?

Answer 2

annular fibrous ring at the apex of the orbit

Question 3

which extrinsic muscle arises from anterior of the orbit?

Answer 3

inferior oblique muscle

Question 4

which muscle elevates the superior eye lid?

Answer 4

LPS - levator palpebrae superioris

Question 5

where abouts do the oblique muscles insert on the sclera?

Answer 5

posteriorly

Question 6

what nerve innervates the lateral rectus ?

Answer 6

abducens (VI)

Question 7

what nerve innervates the superior oblique?

Answer 7

trochlear (IV)

Question 8

what nerve innervates the medial rectus ?

Answer 8

oculomotor (III)

Question 9

what nerve innervates the inferior rectus ?

Answer 9

oculomotor (III)

Question 10

what are the three action of superior oblique?

Answer 10

depress
intortion
abduction

Question 11

what are the three action of inferior oblique?

Answer 11

elevate
extortion
abduction

Question 12

what does strabismus mean?

Answer 12

squint

Question 13

what are the two types of squints called ?

• convergent
• divergent

Answer 13

Esotropia (manifest convergent squint)

Exotropia (manifest divergent squint)

Question 14

what are the two functional consequences of a squint?

Answer 14

amblyopia

diplopia

Question 15

what is amblyopia ?

Answer 15

brain supresses the image of one eye leading to poor vision in that eye without any pathology

Question 16

what is diplopia ?

Answer 16

double vision

Question 17

what is your visual field?

Answer 17

everything you can see with one eye including in the periphery

Question 18

are images of objects reflected upside down and inverted on your retina?

Answer 18

yes

Question 19

what happens when there is a lesion on the Right Optic nerve ?

Answer 19

blindness in right eye

Question 20

what happens when there is a lesion on the Optic chiasma ?

Answer 20

bitemporal hemianopia

- vision has been cut laterally

Question 21

what happens when there is a lesion on the Right Optic tract ?

Answer 21

contralateral homonymous hemianopia

- both eyes have blindness in the left hemi side

Question 22

what is the reflex when both pupils constrict at the same time?

Answer 22

consensual reflex

Question 23

describe the pathway of the efferent limb of the light reflex

Answer 23

1. efferent fibres radiate from the EWN
2. preganglionic parasympathetic fibres pass through IIIn into the orbit
3. the fibres synapse in the ciliary ganglion
4. post ganglionic fibres go through short ciliary nerves to constrictor pupillae

Question 24

what is anisocoria ?

Answer 24

pupils which are different sizes

Question 25

what condition could causes anisocoria?

Answer 25

horners syndrome

Question 26

what are the three main causes of the pupillary reflex being absent?

Answer 26

• disease of the retina
• disease of the optic nerve
• disease of the III cranial nerve

Question 27

does sympathetic dilate or constrict the pupil?

Answer 27

dilate

Question 28

where do the sympathetic fibers travel next to in the head and neck?

Answer 28

travel along with blood vessels