Red Eye and Adnexal Oncology Flashcards
1
Q
What type of infection would be seen with yellow discharge ?
- bacterial
- viral
- allergic
A
bacterial
2
Q
What type of infection would be seen with watery discharge ?
- bacterial
- viral
- allergic
A
viral
3
Q
What type of infection would be seen with mucous discharge ?
- bacterial
- viral
- allergic
A
allergic
4
Q
what is uveitis ?
A
inflammation of the eye
5
Q
what is inflamed with anterior uveitis ?
A
iris
6
Q
what is inflamed with intermediate uveitis ?
A
ciliary body
vitreous
7
Q
what is inflamed with posterior uveitis ?
A
retina
choroid
blood vessels
8
Q
what is panuveitis?
A
inflammation of all the eye
9
Q
What systemic diseases are uveitis associated with?
A
Ankylosing spondylitis Behcet’s disease Sarcoidosis Wegener’s Systemic lupus erythematosis
10
Q
can leukaemia cause uveitis?
A
yes
11
Q
what is the treatment for uveitis ?
A
Topical anti-inflammatories for front of eye infections
Systemic steroid
Systemic immunosuppressants for back of eye infections
12
Q
is there any discharge with uveitis ?
A
no
13
Q
is there any discharge with conjunctivitis ?
A
yes
14
Q
how bad is the pain with conjunctivitis ?
A
no pain
- just itching
15
Q
what is Episcleritis & Scleritis?
A
inflammation of the sclera
16
Q
is there any discharge with scleritis ?
A
no
17
Q
is vision blurred or normal with uveitis?
A
blurred
18
Q
is vision blurred or normal with conjunctivitis?
A
normal
19
Q
is vision blurred or normal with scleritis?
A
normal
20
Q
is vision blurred or normal with glaucoma?
A
blurred/lost
21
Q
how painful is scleritis ?
A
very painful
22
Q
what are the symptoms of acute angle closure glaucoma
A
severe pain
vomiting
head ache
23
Q
what should the pupil look like during acute angle closure glaucoma ?
A
fixed mid dilated pupil
non-responsive to light
24
Q
can contact lens cause corneal ulcer?
A
yes
25
what is the treatment for a corneal abrasion?
self limiting
| - give pain killers
26
state the clinical features of preseptal cellulitis
- pain
- redness
- lid swelling
- systematic well
27
what is a common cause for preseptal cellulitis ?
lid cyst
28
what are the clinical features of orbital cellulitis ?
- pain
- redness
- lid swelling
- systematic unwell
- blurred vision
- protruding of eye
29
what is the main difference between preseptal and orbital cellulitis ?
preseptal doesn't make you systmatically unwell
30
is eye movement affected with orbital cellulitis ?
yes
31
is vision affected with the following ?
1. preseptal cellulitis
2. orbital cellulitis
1. no
| 2. yes
32
is orbital cellulitis more common in children or adults?
in children
33
what are the common causes of orbital cellulitis ?
- sinusitis
- dental infections
- haematological spread
34
what is a serious complication of orbital cellulitis ?
meningitis
35
state 7 aetiological causes of ophthalmic diseases?
1. diabetes
2. HT
3. Autoimmune
4. inflammation
5. infection
6. haematological
7. inherited/genetic
36
what are some clinical signs of thyroid eye disease ?
Proptosis
| Retraction of the upper eye lid
37
what are the three types of adnexal oncology tumours
eye lid tumour
lacrimal drainage tumours
orbital tumours
38
what is a benign tumour?
abnormal number of normal cells
39
define tumour
abnormal proliferation of tissue
40
what cells form carcinomas?
epithelial cells
41
what tissue forms sarcomas ?
connective tissue
42
what cells form lymphoma ?
haemopoietic cells maturing in the blood
43
what cells form blastoma ?
immature "precursor" or embryonic cells
44
what are the 2 most common benign eye lid tumours?
squamous cell papillomas
| basal cell papilloma
45
what are the 2 most common malignant eye lid tumours?
basal cell carcinoma
| squamous cell carcinoma
46
what texture do Squamous Cell Papilloma usually have?
Raspberry texture
47
what texture do basal Cell Papilloma usually have?
Raspberry texture
48
what do basal cell papilloma look like?
greasy
brown
flat
round/oval
49
what is the treatment for squamous and basal cell papillomas, keratoacanthoma and pyogenic granuloma?
excision
50
what is melanocytic naevus composed of?
atypical melanocytes
51
what is the rarest colour of melanocytic naevi and where is it usually found?
black
| - in the epidermis
52
does a melanocytic naevus have the potential for malignant transformation?
yes
53
what is the ABCDE signs of malignant transformation ?
```
Asymmetry
Border (irregular)
Colour
Diameter (>6mm)
Evolving (growing)
```
54
what is a pyogenic granuloma ?
Fast growing, highly vascularised granuloma
55
what is a granuloma?
a mass of granulation tissue
56
what are some causes of pyogenic granuloma ?
post surgery
infection
trauma
57
what causes actinic keratosis?
sun exposure
58
what is the appearance of actinic keratosis ?
Flat
Scaly
Hyperkeratotic skin
Occasional forms cutaneous horn
59
is actinic keratosis common or rare on the eye lid?
rare
60
what is the treatment for actinic keratosis ?
excision or topical chemo
61
what is the appearance of keratocanthoma ?
pink papule with a hyperkeratotic crater
62
what is the main cause of keratocanthoma?
sun exposure
| immunosuppression
63
where does capillary haemanioma usually occur?
on the upper eye lid but can extend to the orbital
64
what are the two symptoms of capillary haemanioma ?
amblyopia
| astigmatism
65
what are the three treatment options for capillary haemanioma ?
- b blockers
- intra lesion steroid
- surgery
66
is capillary haemanioma benign or malignant?
benign
67
what is the appearance of Cavernous haemangioma
| ?
well demarcated pink patch
68
does the Cavernous haemangioma disappear with age?
no it gets darker with age
69
what is the treatment for Cavernous haemangioma
| ?
dermal laser
70
what is the most common malignant eye lid cancer ?
basal cell carcinoma
71
what are the risk factors for basal cell carcinoma ?
pale skin
| sun exposure
72
is the risk of metastasis with basal cell carcinoma high or low?
very low
73
what is the appearance of a basal cell carcinoma ?
non-pigmented, elevated, ulcerated, pearly, rolled, irregular border, telangiectasia (can see vessels)
74
does a basal cell carcinoma cause pain?
no
75
what are the three sub types of basal cell carcinoma ?
nodular
ulcerative
morpheaform (less common)
76
out of the three subtypes of basal cell carcinoma which one is most likely yo bleed?
ulcerative
77
where is the most common location on the eye lid to get a basal cell carcinoma ?
lower eye lid
78
what are the two types of surgery which can be preformed for basal cell carcinoma ?
standard excision
| Mohs surgery
79
what is the advantage of using Mohs surgery ?
Mohs surgery has close communication with histology
- therefore the margins of cutting can be smaller as the surgeon knows where the cancer has spread to
- increases the chance of removing all the cancer
80
If a patient with basal cell carcinoma can't tolerate surgery. what other treatment options are there?
```
Topical (imiquimod, efudex)
Chemotherapy (vismodegib) - Gorlin, Muir-Torre
Cryotherapy
Radiotherapy
Photodynamic therapy
```
81
what are the disadvantages of not using surgery to treat basal cell carcinoma ?
there is a higher chance of recurrence
82
what is the appearance of squamous cell carcinoma ?
scaly surface over a thick plaque
83
what is the surgical treatment for squamous cell carcinoma ?
excision
84
what is the metastatic risk of squamous cell carcinoma?
3-10%
85
what is the appearance of a sebaceous gland carcinoma ?
```
Nodular, indurated lid margin
Yellowish discolouration (due to lipid content)
```
86
what is the surgical treatment for sebaceous gland carcinoma ?
excision - if there is spread to the orbit then the eye must be removed
87
what are the three types of cutaneous malignant melanomas?
lentigo maligna
superficial spreading
nodular
88
are cutaneous malignant melanomas common or rare?
very rare
89
what is the most common benign orbital tumour ?
capillary haemangioma
90
what is the most common malignant orbital tumour ?
lymphoma
