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Y2 Neurology > Red Eye and Adnexal Oncology > Flashcards

Red Eye and Adnexal Oncology Flashcards

1
Q

What type of infection would be seen with yellow discharge ?

  • bacterial
  • viral
  • allergic
A

bacterial

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2
Q

What type of infection would be seen with watery discharge ?

  • bacterial
  • viral
  • allergic
A

viral

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3
Q

What type of infection would be seen with mucous discharge ?

  • bacterial
  • viral
  • allergic
A

allergic

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4
Q

what is uveitis ?

A

inflammation of the eye

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5
Q

what is inflamed with anterior uveitis ?

A

iris

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6
Q

what is inflamed with intermediate uveitis ?

A

ciliary body

vitreous

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7
Q

what is inflamed with posterior uveitis ?

A

retina
choroid
blood vessels

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8
Q

what is panuveitis?

A

inflammation of all the eye

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9
Q

What systemic diseases are uveitis associated with?

A 
Ankylosing spondylitis
   Behcet’s disease
   Sarcoidosis
   Wegener’s
   Systemic lupus erythematosis
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10
Q

can leukaemia cause uveitis?

A

yes

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11
Q

what is the treatment for uveitis ?

A

Topical anti-inflammatories for front of eye infections
Systemic steroid
Systemic immunosuppressants for back of eye infections

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12
Q

is there any discharge with uveitis ?

A

no

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13
Q

is there any discharge with conjunctivitis ?

A

yes

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14
Q

how bad is the pain with conjunctivitis ?

A

no pain

- just itching

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15
Q

what is Episcleritis & Scleritis?

A

inflammation of the sclera

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16
Q

is there any discharge with scleritis ?

A

no

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17
Q

is vision blurred or normal with uveitis?

A

blurred

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18
Q

is vision blurred or normal with conjunctivitis?

A

normal

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19
Q

is vision blurred or normal with scleritis?

A

normal

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20
Q

is vision blurred or normal with glaucoma?

A

blurred/lost

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21
Q

how painful is scleritis ?

A

very painful

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22
Q

what are the symptoms of acute angle closure glaucoma

A

severe pain
vomiting
head ache

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23
Q

what should the pupil look like during acute angle closure glaucoma ?

A

fixed mid dilated pupil

non-responsive to light

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24
Q

can contact lens cause corneal ulcer?

A

yes

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25
Q

what is the treatment for a corneal abrasion?

A

self limiting

- give pain killers

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26
Q

state the clinical features of preseptal cellulitis

A
  • pain
  • redness
  • lid swelling
  • systematic well
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27
Q

what is a common cause for preseptal cellulitis ?

A

lid cyst

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28
Q

what are the clinical features of orbital cellulitis ?

A
  • pain
  • redness
  • lid swelling
  • systematic unwell
  • blurred vision
  • protruding of eye
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29
Q

what is the main difference between preseptal and orbital cellulitis ?

A

preseptal doesn’t make you systmatically unwell

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30
Q

is eye movement affected with orbital cellulitis ?

A

yes

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31
Q

is vision affected with the following ?

  1. preseptal cellulitis
  2. orbital cellulitis
A
  1. no

2. yes

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32
Q

is orbital cellulitis more common in children or adults?

A

in children

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33
Q

what are the common causes of orbital cellulitis ?

A
  • sinusitis
  • dental infections
  • haematological spread
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34
Q

what is a serious complication of orbital cellulitis ?

A

meningitis

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35
Q

state 7 aetiological causes of ophthalmic diseases?

A
  1. diabetes
  2. HT
  3. Autoimmune
  4. inflammation
  5. infection
  6. haematological
  7. inherited/genetic
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36
Q

what are some clinical signs of thyroid eye disease ?

A

Proptosis

Retraction of the upper eye lid

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37
Q

what are the three types of adnexal oncology tumours

A

eye lid tumour
lacrimal drainage tumours
orbital tumours

38
Q

what is a benign tumour?

A

abnormal number of normal cells

39
Q

define tumour

A

abnormal proliferation of tissue

40
Q

what cells form carcinomas?

A

epithelial cells

41
Q

what tissue forms sarcomas ?

A

connective tissue

42
Q

what cells form lymphoma ?

A

haemopoietic cells maturing in the blood

43
Q

what cells form blastoma ?

A

immature “precursor” or embryonic cells

44
Q

what are the 2 most common benign eye lid tumours?

A

squamous cell papillomas

basal cell papilloma

45
Q

what are the 2 most common malignant eye lid tumours?

A

basal cell carcinoma

squamous cell carcinoma

46
Q

what texture do Squamous Cell Papilloma usually have?

A

Raspberry texture

47
Q

what texture do basal Cell Papilloma usually have?

A

Raspberry texture

48
Q

what do basal cell papilloma look like?

A

greasy
brown
flat
round/oval

49
Q

what is the treatment for squamous and basal cell papillomas, keratoacanthoma and pyogenic granuloma?

A

excision

50
Q

what is melanocytic naevus composed of?

A

atypical melanocytes

51
Q

what is the rarest colour of melanocytic naevi and where is it usually found?

A

black

- in the epidermis

52
Q

does a melanocytic naevus have the potential for malignant transformation?

A

yes

53
Q

what is the ABCDE signs of malignant transformation ?

A 
Asymmetry 
Border (irregular)
Colour 
Diameter (>6mm)
Evolving (growing)
54
Q

what is a pyogenic granuloma ?

A

Fast growing, highly vascularised granuloma

55
Q

what is a granuloma?

A

a mass of granulation tissue

56
Q

what are some causes of pyogenic granuloma ?

A

post surgery
infection
trauma

57
Q

what causes actinic keratosis?

A

sun exposure

58
Q

what is the appearance of actinic keratosis ?

A

Flat
Scaly
Hyperkeratotic skin
Occasional forms cutaneous horn

59
Q

is actinic keratosis common or rare on the eye lid?

A

rare

60
Q

what is the treatment for actinic keratosis ?

A

excision or topical chemo

61
Q

what is the appearance of keratocanthoma ?

A

pink papule with a hyperkeratotic crater

62
Q

what is the main cause of keratocanthoma?

A

sun exposure

immunosuppression

63
Q

where does capillary haemanioma usually occur?

A

on the upper eye lid but can extend to the orbital

64
Q

what are the two symptoms of capillary haemanioma ?

A

amblyopia

astigmatism

65
Q

what are the three treatment options for capillary haemanioma ?

A
  • b blockers
  • intra lesion steroid
  • surgery
66
Q

is capillary haemanioma benign or malignant?

A

benign

67
Q

what is the appearance of Cavernous haemangioma

?

A

well demarcated pink patch

68
Q

does the Cavernous haemangioma disappear with age?

A

no it gets darker with age

69
Q

what is the treatment for Cavernous haemangioma

?

A

dermal laser

70
Q

what is the most common malignant eye lid cancer ?

A

basal cell carcinoma

71
Q

what are the risk factors for basal cell carcinoma ?

A

pale skin

sun exposure

72
Q

is the risk of metastasis with basal cell carcinoma high or low?

A

very low

73
Q

what is the appearance of a basal cell carcinoma ?

A

non-pigmented, elevated, ulcerated, pearly, rolled, irregular border, telangiectasia (can see vessels)

74
Q

does a basal cell carcinoma cause pain?

A

no

75
Q

what are the three sub types of basal cell carcinoma ?

A

nodular
ulcerative
morpheaform (less common)

76
Q

out of the three subtypes of basal cell carcinoma which one is most likely yo bleed?

A

ulcerative

77
Q

where is the most common location on the eye lid to get a basal cell carcinoma ?

A

lower eye lid

78
Q

what are the two types of surgery which can be preformed for basal cell carcinoma ?

A

standard excision

Mohs surgery

79
Q

what is the advantage of using Mohs surgery ?

A

Mohs surgery has close communication with histology

  • therefore the margins of cutting can be smaller as the surgeon knows where the cancer has spread to
  • increases the chance of removing all the cancer
80
Q

If a patient with basal cell carcinoma can’t tolerate surgery. what other treatment options are there?

A 
Topical (imiquimod, efudex)
Chemotherapy (vismodegib) - Gorlin, Muir-Torre
Cryotherapy
Radiotherapy
Photodynamic therapy
81
Q

what are the disadvantages of not using surgery to treat basal cell carcinoma ?

A

there is a higher chance of recurrence

82
Q

what is the appearance of squamous cell carcinoma ?

A

scaly surface over a thick plaque

83
Q

what is the surgical treatment for squamous cell carcinoma ?

A

excision

84
Q

what is the metastatic risk of squamous cell carcinoma?

A

3-10%

85
Q

what is the appearance of a sebaceous gland carcinoma ?

A 
Nodular, indurated lid margin
Yellowish discolouration (due to lipid content)
86
Q

what is the surgical treatment for sebaceous gland carcinoma ?

A

excision - if there is spread to the orbit then the eye must be removed

87
Q

what are the three types of cutaneous malignant melanomas?

A

lentigo maligna
superficial spreading
nodular

88
Q

are cutaneous malignant melanomas common or rare?

A

very rare

89
Q

what is the most common benign orbital tumour ?

A

capillary haemangioma

90
Q

what is the most common malignant orbital tumour ?

A

lymphoma

Y2 Neurology (52 decks)

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