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Y2 Neurology > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

how many cranial nerves are there ?

A

12 pairs

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2
Q

as nerves are soft and they pass through holes in hard bone. what three things are nerves prone to ?

A
  • inflammation
  • fracture
  • tumours
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3
Q

what are the three type of sensory cranial nerves are there?

A

general
visceral
special

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4
Q

what are the two types of motor fibres in cranial nerves are there?

A

somatic

visceral

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5
Q

do cranial nerves have parasympathetic and sympathetic fibres ?

A

no

- just parasympathetic

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6
Q

what function do the special sensory fibres have?

A

taste, smell, vision, hearing and balance

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7
Q

from what areas do visceral sensory fibres receive input?

A 
pharynx 
larynx 
heart
lungs 
gut 
(all area not conscious of)
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8
Q

from what areas do general sensory fibres receive input?

A

touch, temp and pain from skin and mucus membranes

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9
Q

out of the there types of neurons, what type of neuron is used in sensory and motor fibres?

A 
sensory = pseudo unipolar 
motor = multipolar
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10
Q

where is the cell body for sensory fibres ?

A

dorsal root ganglia

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11
Q

what is the phrase used to remember the names of the 12 cranial nerves ?

A 
Oh 
Oh
Oh 
To
Touch 
And 
Feel 
Very 
Good 
Velvet
Ah 
Heaven
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12
Q

what are the names of the 12 cranial nerves ?

A 
Oh - olfactory 
Oh - optic 
Oh - oculomotor 
To - trochlear 
Touch - trigeminal 
And - abducens 
Feel - facial 
Very - vestibulocochlear 
Good - glossopharyngeal 
Velvet - vagus 
Ah - accessory 
Heaven - hypoglossal
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13
Q

what is the phrase used to determine if the nerves are motor or sensory or both ?

A 
Some 
Say 
Marry 
Money 
But 
My 
Brother 
Says 
Big 
Brains 
Matter 
More
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14
Q

what bone do the olfactory nerve branches pass through?

A

the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

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15
Q

what do the olfactory nerve branches form before passing through the cribriform plate in the anterior cranial fossa?

A

olfactory bulb

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16
Q

what sense is due to the olfactory nerve ?

A

smell

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17
Q

what is anosmia ?

A

loss of smell

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18
Q

what sense is due to the optic nerve ?

A

vision

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19
Q

what condition is caused by an increased pressure of CSF in the eyes?

A

papilloedema

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20
Q

when the right optic nerve is cut what is the result ?

A

right eye blindness

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21
Q

what is the result when

- the medial section of the optic chiasma is cut?

A

the to medial side of the retina can’t get their information to the brain to be interpreted into an image so the two lateral field of vision are lost
= bilateral hemianopsia

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22
Q

what is anopsia ?

A

a defect in the visual field.

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23
Q

what is the result when

- the right optic tract is cut?

A

the two right sides of the retina information are lost so the two left sides of the field of vision are lost
= left homonymous hemianopsia

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24
Q

through which foramen does the oculomotor nerve pass through?

A

superior orbital fissure

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25
Q

what are the two components of the oculomotor nerve ?

A

somatic

autonomic

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26
Q

what does parasympathetic response have on the eye ?

A

pupil constriction

accommodation of ciliary body

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27
Q

what are the clinical signs when the oculomotor nerve is damaged?

A

dropping upper eye lid
eyeball abducted and depressed
no pupillary reflex
no accommodation of the len

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28
Q

how many of the extrinsic ocular muscles are controlled by the oculomotor nerve ?

A

4

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29
Q

through which foramen does the trochlear nerve pass through?

A

superior orbital fissure

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30
Q

what extrinsic ocular muscle is controlled by the trochlear nerve ?

A

superior oblique

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31
Q

what is the clinical sign when the trochlear nerve is damaged ?

A

diplopia = double vision

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32
Q

what is diplopia ?

A

double vision

33
Q

where abouts from the brain doe the trochlear nerve come out from?

A

the mid brain

34
Q

where abouts does the abducent nerve leave the brain from?

A

between the pons and medulla

35
Q

through which foramen does the abducent nerve pass through?

A

superior orbital fissure

36
Q

what is the function of the abducent nerve ?

A

abduct the eye by innervating the lateral rectus

37
Q

what is the clinical sign for damage to the abducent nerve ?

A

medial deviation of the eye which causes diplopia

38
Q

what foramen does the trigeminal V1 nerve pass through?

A

superior orbital fissure

39
Q

how many branches of the trigeminal nerve are there?

A

3

40
Q

what are the three branches of the trigeminal nerve?

A

V1 - ophthalmic
V2 - maxillary
V3 - mandibular

41
Q

what foramen does the trigeminal V2 nerve pass through?

A

foramen rotunda

42
Q

what foramen does the trigeminal V3 nerve pass through?

A

foramen ovale

43
Q

which branch of the trigmeinal nerve contains motor fibres ?

A

V3

44
Q

what is trigeminal neuralgia ?

A

nerves work wrong, lightly brushing the skin causes a lot of pain, nerves can’t process sensory information properly

45
Q

what are some complications when the trigeminal nerve is damaged ?

A

loss of sensation in the face
loss of corneal or sneezing reflex
paraylsis of muscles of mastication

46
Q

what foramen does the facial nerve pass through to leave the cranium?

A

internal acoustic foramen

47
Q

what foramen does the facial nerve pass through to enter outside the bones of the face?

A

stylomastoid foramen

48
Q

where abouts from the brain does the facial nerve come out from?

A

between the pons and the medulla

49
Q

what four fibres are found in the facial nerve ?

A

somatic motor
autonomic motor
special sensory
general sensory

50
Q

what is the special sensory fibres of the facial nerve used for?

A

taste from anterior 2/3rd of tongue & soft palate

51
Q

what parasympathetic innervation is due to the facial nerve ?

A

parasympathetic innervation of submandibular & sublingual salivary glands, lacrimal glands, glands of nose & palate

52
Q

as well as the muscles of facial expression what other muscle is supplied by the facial nerve ?

A

stapedius of the middle ear

53
Q

what is the function of the stapedius of the middle ear?

A

dampens the sound

54
Q

where abouts from the brain does the vestibulocochlear nerve emerge from?

A

between the pons and medulla

55
Q

what two nerves does the vestibulocochlear nerve form?

A

vestibular nerve

cochlear nerve

56
Q

what are the three structures that give a sense of position and balance ?

A

semi-circular canals
utricle
saccule

57
Q

what are some clinical signs that the vestibulocochlear nerve is damaged ?

A

tinnitus
deafness
vertigo
nystagmus

58
Q

what is nystagmus ?

A

involuntary rapid eye movements

59
Q

where does the glossopharyngeal nerve emerge from in the brain?

A

medulla

60
Q

through which foramen does the glossopharyngeal nerve pass through?

A

jugular foramen

61
Q

what fibres does the glossopharyngeal nerve contain?

A 
special sensory 
general sensory 
visceral sensory 
visceral motor 
somatic motor
62
Q

what does the carotid body detect?

A

changes in the composition of the blood by the chemoreceptors in the common carotid artery

63
Q

what does the carotid sinus detect ?

A

detects change in blood pressure in the carotid artery

64
Q

what is the function of the special sensory component of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

taste from the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue

65
Q

what salivary gland is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve ?

A

parotid gland

66
Q

what three nerves pass through the jugular foramen ?

A

glossopharyngeal
vagus
accessory

67
Q

what are two clinical signs that the glossopharyngeal nerve has been damaged ?

A

loss of gag reflex

loss of taste from the posterior 3rd of the tongue

68
Q

from which part of the brain does the vagus nerve emerge from?

A

the medulla

69
Q

what foramen does the vagus nerve pass through?

A

jugular foramen

70
Q

what fibres are contained in the vagus nerve ?

A 
special sensory 
general sensory 
visceral sensory 
visceral motor 
somatic motor
71
Q

what is the general sensation of the vagus nerve?

A

sensation of the auricle and external acoustic meatus

72
Q

what muscles does the accessory nerve supply?

A

striated muscle of the soft palate, pharynx, larynx

and SCM and trapezius

73
Q

state a clinical sign that the accessory nerve may be damaged ?

A

weakness in turning head and shrugging shoulder

74
Q

what are the relative size of the cranial nerve and spinal root length of the accessory nerve ?

A

short cranial nerve

long spinal roots

75
Q

which foramen does the hypoglossal nerve pass through ?

A

hypoglossal canal

76
Q

where does the hypoglossal nerve emerge from in the brain?

A

medulla

77
Q

what is the function of the hypoglossal nerve ?

A

motor control of the muscles of the tongue

78
Q

which side would the tongue deviate towards if the hypoglossal nerve was cut on one side?

A

would deviate towards the damaged side

79
Q

during which operation is the hypoglossal nerve vulnerable to getting damaged ?

A

tonsillectomy

Y2 Neurology (52 decks)

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