Cranial Nerves

Question 1

how many cranial nerves are there ?

Answer 1

12 pairs

Question 2

as nerves are soft and they pass through holes in hard bone. what three things are nerves prone to ?

Answer 2

• inflammation
• fracture
• tumours

Question 3

what are the three type of sensory cranial nerves are there?

Answer 3

general
visceral
special

Question 4

what are the two types of motor fibres in cranial nerves are there?

Answer 4

somatic

visceral

Question 5

do cranial nerves have parasympathetic and sympathetic fibres ?

Answer 5

no

- just parasympathetic

Question 6

what function do the special sensory fibres have?

Answer 6

taste, smell, vision, hearing and balance

Question 7

from what areas do visceral sensory fibres receive input?

Answer 7

pharynx 
larynx 
heart
lungs 
gut 
(all area not conscious of)

Question 8

from what areas do general sensory fibres receive input?

Answer 8

touch, temp and pain from skin and mucus membranes

Question 9

out of the there types of neurons, what type of neuron is used in sensory and motor fibres?

Answer 9

sensory = pseudo unipolar 
motor = multipolar

Question 10

where is the cell body for sensory fibres ?

Answer 10

dorsal root ganglia

Question 11

what is the phrase used to remember the names of the 12 cranial nerves ?

Answer 11

Oh 
Oh
Oh 
To
Touch 
And 
Feel 
Very 
Good 
Velvet
Ah 
Heaven

Question 12

what are the names of the 12 cranial nerves ?

Answer 12

Oh - olfactory 
Oh - optic 
Oh - oculomotor 
To - trochlear 
Touch - trigeminal 
And - abducens 
Feel - facial 
Very - vestibulocochlear 
Good - glossopharyngeal 
Velvet - vagus 
Ah - accessory 
Heaven - hypoglossal

Question 13

what is the phrase used to determine if the nerves are motor or sensory or both ?

Answer 13

Some 
Say 
Marry 
Money 
But 
My 
Brother 
Says 
Big 
Brains 
Matter 
More

Question 14

what bone do the olfactory nerve branches pass through?

Answer 14

the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

Question 15

what do the olfactory nerve branches form before passing through the cribriform plate in the anterior cranial fossa?

Answer 15

olfactory bulb

Question 16

what sense is due to the olfactory nerve ?

Answer 16

smell

Question 17

what is anosmia ?

Answer 17

loss of smell

Question 18

what sense is due to the optic nerve ?

Answer 18

vision

Question 19

what condition is caused by an increased pressure of CSF in the eyes?

Answer 19

papilloedema

Question 20

when the right optic nerve is cut what is the result ?

Answer 20

right eye blindness

Question 21

what is the result when

- the medial section of the optic chiasma is cut?

Answer 21

the to medial side of the retina can’t get their information to the brain to be interpreted into an image so the two lateral field of vision are lost
= bilateral hemianopsia

Question 22

what is anopsia ?

Answer 22

a defect in the visual field.

Question 23

what is the result when

- the right optic tract is cut?

Answer 23

the two right sides of the retina information are lost so the two left sides of the field of vision are lost
= left homonymous hemianopsia

Question 24

through which foramen does the oculomotor nerve pass through?

Answer 24

superior orbital fissure

Question 25

what are the two components of the oculomotor nerve ?

Answer 25

somatic | autonomic

Question 26

what does parasympathetic response have on the eye ?

Answer 26

pupil constriction | accommodation of ciliary body

Question 27

what are the clinical signs when the oculomotor nerve is damaged?

Answer 27

dropping upper eye lid eyeball abducted and depressed no pupillary reflex no accommodation of the len

Question 28

how many of the extrinsic ocular muscles are controlled by the oculomotor nerve ?

Answer 28

4

Question 29

through which foramen does the trochlear nerve pass through?

Answer 29

superior orbital fissure

Question 30

what extrinsic ocular muscle is controlled by the trochlear nerve ?

Answer 30

superior oblique

Question 31

what is the clinical sign when the trochlear nerve is damaged ?

Answer 31

diplopia = double vision

Question 32

what is diplopia ?

Answer 32

double vision

Question 33

where abouts from the brain doe the trochlear nerve come out from?

Answer 33

the mid brain

Question 34

where abouts does the abducent nerve leave the brain from?

Answer 34

between the pons and medulla

Question 35

through which foramen does the abducent nerve pass through?

Answer 35

superior orbital fissure

Question 36

what is the function of the abducent nerve ?

Answer 36

abduct the eye by innervating the lateral rectus

Question 37

what is the clinical sign for damage to the abducent nerve ?

Answer 37

medial deviation of the eye which causes diplopia

Question 38

what foramen does the trigeminal V1 nerve pass through?

Answer 38

superior orbital fissure

Question 39

how many branches of the trigeminal nerve are there?

Answer 39

3

Question 40

what are the three branches of the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 40

V1 - ophthalmic V2 - maxillary V3 - mandibular

Question 41

what foramen does the trigeminal V2 nerve pass through?

Answer 41

foramen rotunda

Question 42

what foramen does the trigeminal V3 nerve pass through?

Answer 42

foramen ovale

Question 43

which branch of the trigmeinal nerve contains motor fibres ?

Answer 43

V3

Question 44

what is trigeminal neuralgia ?

Answer 44

nerves work wrong, lightly brushing the skin causes a lot of pain, nerves can't process sensory information properly

Question 45

what are some complications when the trigeminal nerve is damaged ?

Answer 45

loss of sensation in the face loss of corneal or sneezing reflex paraylsis of muscles of mastication

Question 46

what foramen does the facial nerve pass through to leave the cranium?

Answer 46

internal acoustic foramen

Question 47

what foramen does the facial nerve pass through to enter outside the bones of the face?

Answer 47

stylomastoid foramen

Question 48

where abouts from the brain does the facial nerve come out from?

Answer 48

between the pons and the medulla

Question 49

what four fibres are found in the facial nerve ?

Answer 49

somatic motor autonomic motor special sensory general sensory

Question 50

what is the special sensory fibres of the facial nerve used for?

Answer 50

taste from anterior 2/3rd of tongue & soft palate

Question 51

what parasympathetic innervation is due to the facial nerve ?

Answer 51

parasympathetic innervation of submandibular & sublingual salivary glands, lacrimal glands, glands of nose & palate

Question 52

as well as the muscles of facial expression what other muscle is supplied by the facial nerve ?

Answer 52

stapedius of the middle ear

Question 53

what is the function of the stapedius of the middle ear?

Answer 53

dampens the sound

Question 54

where abouts from the brain does the vestibulocochlear nerve emerge from?

Answer 54

between the pons and medulla

Question 55

what two nerves does the vestibulocochlear nerve form?

Answer 55

vestibular nerve | cochlear nerve

Question 56

what are the three structures that give a sense of position and balance ?

Answer 56

semi-circular canals utricle saccule

Question 57

what are some clinical signs that the vestibulocochlear nerve is damaged ?

Answer 57

tinnitus deafness vertigo nystagmus

Question 58

what is nystagmus ?

Answer 58

involuntary rapid eye movements

Question 59

where does the glossopharyngeal nerve emerge from in the brain?

Answer 59

medulla

Question 60

through which foramen does the glossopharyngeal nerve pass through?

Answer 60

jugular foramen

Question 61

what fibres does the glossopharyngeal nerve contain?

Answer 61

``` special sensory general sensory visceral sensory visceral motor somatic motor ```

Question 62

what does the carotid body detect?

Answer 62

changes in the composition of the blood by the chemoreceptors in the common carotid artery

Question 63

what does the carotid sinus detect ?

Answer 63

detects change in blood pressure in the carotid artery

Question 64

what is the function of the special sensory component of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

Answer 64

taste from the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue

Question 65

what salivary gland is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve ?

Answer 65

parotid gland

Question 66

what three nerves pass through the jugular foramen ?

Answer 66

glossopharyngeal vagus accessory

Question 67

what are two clinical signs that the glossopharyngeal nerve has been damaged ?

Answer 67

loss of gag reflex | loss of taste from the posterior 3rd of the tongue

Question 68

from which part of the brain does the vagus nerve emerge from?

Answer 68

the medulla

Question 69

what foramen does the vagus nerve pass through?

Answer 69

jugular foramen

Question 70

what fibres are contained in the vagus nerve ?

Answer 70

``` special sensory general sensory visceral sensory visceral motor somatic motor ```

Question 71

what is the general sensation of the vagus nerve?

Answer 71

sensation of the auricle and external acoustic meatus

Question 72

what muscles does the accessory nerve supply?

Answer 72

striated muscle of the soft palate, pharynx, larynx | and SCM and trapezius

Question 73

state a clinical sign that the accessory nerve may be damaged ?

Answer 73

weakness in turning head and shrugging shoulder

Question 74

what are the relative size of the cranial nerve and spinal root length of the accessory nerve ?

Answer 74

short cranial nerve | long spinal roots

Question 75

which foramen does the hypoglossal nerve pass through ?

Answer 75

hypoglossal canal

Question 76

where does the hypoglossal nerve emerge from in the brain?

Answer 76

medulla

Question 77

what is the function of the hypoglossal nerve ?

Answer 77

motor control of the muscles of the tongue

Question 78

which side would the tongue deviate towards if the hypoglossal nerve was cut on one side?

Answer 78

would deviate towards the damaged side

Question 79

during which operation is the hypoglossal nerve vulnerable to getting damaged ?

Answer 79

tonsillectomy