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Y2 Neurology > Motor 1 > Flashcards

Motor 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three motor control structure hierarchy?

A
  1. basal ganglia
  2. motor cortex, cerebellum
  3. brain stem, spinal cord
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2
Q

what structure has the function of strategy?

A

basal ganglion

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3
Q

what structure has the function of tactics ?

A

motor cortex, cerebellum

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4
Q

what structure has the function of execution?

A

brain stem, spinal cord

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5
Q

what do the lateral pathways of the spinal cord control?

A

voluntary movements

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6
Q

what do the ventromedial pathways of the spinal cord control?

A

posture and locomotion

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7
Q

what control are ventromedial pathways under ?

A

under brain stem control

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8
Q

what control are lateral pathways under?

A

direct cortical control

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9
Q

what does CST stand for ?

A

cortocospinal tract

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10
Q

where does most of the CST originate from?

A

areas 4 and 6 (frontal motor cortex)

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11
Q

what side of the body does the right motor cortex control?

A

left

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12
Q

what does RST stand for?

A

rubrospinal tract

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13
Q

where does the rubrospinal tract start?

A

red nucleus of the mid brain

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14
Q

what would be the clinical consequences of lesions on the CST and the RST ?

A

fine movements of arms and hands are lost

e.g. can stand without losing balance but can’t play an instrument

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15
Q

what would be the clinical consequences of a lesion on the CST and not on the RST?

A

fine movements of the arms and hands would be lost but after a few months they would reappear as the functions have been taken over by RST

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16
Q

does CST and RST have the same input areas?

A

yes

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17
Q

what two lateral pathways (pass through the lateral column of the spinal cord) control voluntary motor movements ?

A

CST and RST

18
Q

name the two ventromedial pathways which control posture and locomotion

A

Vestibulospinal and Tectospinal tracts

  • VST
  • TST
19
Q

where does the TST start?

A

superior colliculi of the mid brain

20
Q

what is the function of TST?

A

ensures eyes remain able as the body moves

21
Q

where does VST start?

A

vestibular nucleus of the medulla

22
Q

what is the function of VST ?

A

stabilises the head and neck

23
Q

what is the function of pontine and medullary reticulospinal tracts ?

A

maintain balance and body position

24
Q

in which spinal cord column do the reticulospinal tracts pass down?

A

ventromedial pathway

25
Q

what do the medial tracts from brainstem control?

A

posture, balance and orienting mechanisms.

26
Q

what do the lateral tracts from brainstem control?

A

precise skilled voluntary movements

27
Q

through which white matter do the upper motor neurons pass through in the spinal cord ?
1. upper motor neurons from the cerebral cortex

  1. upper motor neurons from the brain stem
A
  1. lateral white matter

2. anterior medial white matter

28
Q

on which gyrus is the primary motor cortex?

A

pre central gyrus

29
Q

are areas 5 and 7 sensory or motor ?

A

sensory

30
Q

are areas 4 and 6 sensory or motor ?

A

motor

31
Q

what divides the sensory and motor areas?

A

the central sulcus

32
Q

what two parts is area 6 divided into ?

A

SMA - supplementary motor area

PMA - premotor area

33
Q

what does the PMA connect to?

A

reticulospinal neurones

34
Q

do SMA or PMA innervate distal or proximal motor units?

A

SMA = distal motor units

PMA = proximal motor units

35
Q

what would be the clinical consequence of damage to the posterior parietal cortex (areas 5 and 7)?

A

person would not know where their body was in space

- would think half of their body didnt exist

36
Q

where are decisions about what actions to take and what there likely outcome would be made in the brain?

A

prefrontal and parietal cortex

  • P for planning
37
Q

on a PET scan-

during practised voluntary finger movements what areas would light up?

A

areas 4 and 6

38
Q

on a PET scan-

what areas would light up when thinking about an action ?

A

area 6

39
Q

what neurones does area 4 activate ?

A

CST

RST

40
Q

does the PMA part of area 6 fire APs when the movement is imagined ?

A

yes

41
Q

does the PMA part of area 6 fire APs when you watch the movement done by someone else?

A

yes

Y2 Neurology (52 decks)

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