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Y2 Neurology > Neurology 3 > Flashcards

Neurology 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the dips and hills of the cerebrum called?

A

dips - sulcus

hills - gyrus

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2
Q

what is a large dip in the cerebrum called?

A

fissure

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3
Q

what kind of matter is found on the outside of the cerebrum?

A

grey matter

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4
Q

what kind of matter is found on the inside of the cerebrum?

A

white matter

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5
Q

what is a collection of cell bodies inside the CNS called?

A

nucleus

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6
Q

what are the four ventricles called?

A

lateral ventricles
3rd ventricle
cerebral aqueduct
4th ventricle

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7
Q

what are the four parts of the lateral ventricles?

A

anterior horn
body
posterior horn
inferior horn

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8
Q

what structure connects the lateral ventricles and 3rd ventricle?

A

inter ventricular foramen

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9
Q

what sits anterior to the cerebral aqueduct ?

A

mid brain

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10
Q

what sits anterior to the 4th ventricle ?

A

pons and medulla

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11
Q

what shape are the lateral ventricles?

A

C shaped

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12
Q

what is basal ganglia?

A

collection of neuronal cell bodies in the white matter

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13
Q

what is the fissure called which divides the two cerebral hemispheres ?

A

median longitudinal fissure

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14
Q

what is the structure which holds the two semi spheres together ?

A

corpus callosum

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15
Q

can the pattern of sulcus and gyrus be variable?

A

yes

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16
Q

what meninges layer covers the sulci and gyri ?

A

pia mater

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17
Q

what flows through the corpus callosum?

A

axons from one cerebral hemisphere to the other

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18
Q

can the pattern of sulci and gyri in a person change through out their live?

A

yes

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19
Q

what is the insula of the brain?

A

area of brain within the sulcus which cant be seen form the outside

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20
Q

what is the sulcus between the occipital and the parietal lobe?

A

parieto-occipital sulcus

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21
Q

what sulci lead to the insula?

A

transverse temporal gyri

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22
Q

is there a dominant and non dominant hemisphere?

A

yes

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23
Q

what function occurs mostly in the frontal lobe?

A

motor function

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24
Q

where is area 4 located?

A

pre central gyrus

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25
Q

what is area 4 called ?

A

primary motor cortex

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26
Q

where is area 44 and 45 found?

A

inferior frontal gyrus

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27
Q

what is area 44 and 45 called ?

A

brocas area of motor speech

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28
Q

are area 44 and 45 bi lateral?

A

yes

29
Q

what is the function of the prefrontal cortex?

A

cognitive functions of higher order- intellect,judgement, prediction,planning.

30
Q

what is the location of areas 3, 1 and 2?

A

post central gyrus

31
Q

what are areas 3, 1 and 2 called?

A

primary sensory area

32
Q

what is the function of the superior parietal lobule?

A

on contralateral side

  • general sensory
  • conscious awareness
33
Q

what is the function of the inferior parietal lobule ?

A

Interface between somatosensory cortex and visual and auditory association areas

34
Q

what would happen if there was a lesion on the superior parietal lobule ?

A

person wouldn’t be aware the other half of their body existed
- shave one side of face and not the other

35
Q

where are areas 41 and 42 located ?

A

superior temporal gyrus

36
Q

what are areas 41 and 42 called?

A

primary auditory cortex

37
Q

what is the function of the Wernicke’s area

A

deals with speech. Crucial for understanding of spoken word

38
Q

what is the function of the inferior surface of the temporal lobe ?

A

recieves fibres from olfactory tract – concious appreciation of smell.

39
Q

what is the function of area 17?

A

primary visual cortex

40
Q

what is the location of area 17?

A

medial surface of the occipital lobe, on either side of the calcarine sulcus

41
Q

what is the function of area 18, 19 ?

A

visual association cortex

42
Q

what is the function of the limbic lobe?

A

involved in memory and emotional aspects of behaviour

43
Q

where is the limbic lobe located?

A

medial surface of the cerebral hemispheres

44
Q

what structures are included in the limbic lobe?

A

cingulate gyrus
hippocampus
parahippocampal gyrus
amygdala

45
Q

what is aphasia ?

A

problem with speech due to damage to one or more speech areas in brain.

46
Q

is wernickes area bilateral?

A

no

- unilateral

47
Q

is the brocas area motor or sensory ?

A

motor

48
Q

is wernickes area motor or sensory ?

A

sensory

49
Q

what occurs during brocas aphasia ?

A

the patient understands speech but misses out words

- the patient understands speech so can hear themselves making mistakes so can be frustrating

50
Q

what occurs during wernickes aphasia ?

A

the patient has fluent speech with measles words

- as they can’t understand speech well, they can’t tell they are making mistakes

51
Q

where is brocas area found?

A

frontal lobe

52
Q

where is wernickes area found?

A

temporal lobe

53
Q

with which one does the patient experience paralysis with ?

  • brocas aphasia
  • wernickes aphasia
A

brocas aphasia

54
Q

what are the three types of myelinated axon fibres bundled in tracts?

A
  1. commissural fibres
  2. association fibres
  3. projection fibres
55
Q

what is the function of commissural fibres ?

A

connect areas in the two hemispheres

56
Q

what is the function of association fibres ?

A

connect one part of the cortex to another

57
Q

what is the function of projection fibres ?

A

run between cerebral cortex and various subcortical centres

58
Q

through which two structures do the projection fibres pass through?

A
  • corona radiata

- internal capsule

59
Q

what fibres pass through the internal capsule ?

A

projection fibres

60
Q

what three structures does the internal capsule sit in-between?

A 
lentiform nucleus (laterally)
thalamus and caudate nucleus (medially)
61
Q

what artery supplies the internal capsule?

A

middle cerebral artery

62
Q

what is the general shape of the internal capsule?

A

V shaped

63
Q

is the caudate nucleus more anterior or posterior compared to the thalamus ?

A

caudate nucleus is more anterior

64
Q

what are the two parts of the lentiform nucleus called?

A

putamen

globus pallidus

65
Q

where is substantia nigra found ?

A

mid brain

66
Q

is the globus medial or lateral compared to putamen?

A

medial

67
Q

in the basal ganglia which two structures are known as

  • input regions
  • output regions
A

input regions

  • caudate nucleus
  • putamen

output regions

  • globus pallidus
  • substantia nigra
68
Q

what is the main function of the basal ganglia ?

A

help regulate initiation and termination of movements

controls starting and stopping of movements

Y2 Neurology (52 decks)

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