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Advanced Pharm Fall 24' > Viruses > Flashcards

Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

What are viruses classified as?

A

Infectious particles

Rather than organisms

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2
Q

How do viruses multiply?

A

By invading a specific host cell

Must instruct the genetic and metabolic machinery of the host cell

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3
Q

What types of cells can viruses infect?

A
  • Bacteria
  • Algae
  • Fungi
  • Protozoa
  • Plants
  • Animals
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4
Q

What are the main components of a virus?

A
  • External coating (capsid)
  • Core containing nucleic acids
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5
Q

Name two types of DNA viruses.

A
  • HSV (Herpes Simplex Virus)
  • HBV (Hepatitis B Virus)
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6
Q

Name two types of RNA viruses.

A
  • Influenza
  • Rabies
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7
Q

What is the definition of a retrovirus?

A

A virus that uses RNA as its genetic material and reverse transcriptase to replicate

Example: HIV

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8
Q

What is a virion?

A

Fully formed virus able to establish infection in a host

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9
Q

What are the stages of viral replication?

A
  • Adsorption
  • Penetration
  • Uncoating
  • Synthesis
  • Maturation
  • Release
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10
Q

True or False: Viruses can be treated with antibiotics.

A

False

Antibiotics are ineffective against viral infections

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11
Q

What was the first anti-herpes drug released?

A

Vidarabine

Released in 1977 and highly toxic

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12
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Acyclovir?

A

When virus mistakes Acyclovir for dGTP, chain termination is irreversible

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13
Q

What are the indications for Acyclovir?

A
  • HSV1
  • HSV2
  • VZV infections
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14
Q

What is the role of interferon (IFN)?

A

Used in preventing and treating viral infections

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15
Q

What are the main types of human hemagglutinin?

A
  • H1
  • H2
  • H3
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16
Q

What is the FDA-approved antiviral for early treatment of flu?

A

Oseltamivir phosphate (Tamiflu)

17
Q

What does COVID-19 severity data suggest about critical patients?

A

49% deaths among 2,087 critically ill patients

Data was adapted from Zhang 2020

18
Q

What are the two main mechanisms of action for antiviral treatments for COVID-19?

A
  • Chain terminators (e.g., Remdesivir)
  • Block COVID entry into cells (e.g., monoclonal antibodies)
19
Q

Fill in the blank: Viruses are _______ intracellular parasites.

A

Obligate

20
Q

What suffix is used for virus families?

A

-viridae

21
Q

What suffix is used for virus genera?

A

-virus

22
Q

What are naked viruses?

A

Viruses that consist only of a nucleocapsid

23
Q

What is the primary method to control viral infections?

A

Vaccination

Few antiviral drugs are available

24
Q

List three examples of viral infections that commonly do not result in hospitalization.

A
  • Colds
  • Chickenpox
  • Influenza

Advanced Pharm Fall 24' (18 decks)

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