Cancer and Chemotherapy Flashcards
Cyclophosphamide - Drug Class
Alkylating agent
Cyclophosphamide - Mechanism of Action
DNA cross-linking/alkylation
Cyclophosphamide - Drug Targets
DNA
Cyclophosphamide - Expected Time for Effect
Varies depending on the condition being treated
Cyclophosphamide - Pharmacodynamics
Interferes with DNA replication and RNA transcription
Cyclophosphamide - Pharmacokinetics - Absorption
> 75% (by mouth)
Cyclophosphamide - Pharmacokinetics - Distribution
Protein binding >60%
Cyclophosphamide - Pharmacokinetics - Metabolism
Liver
Cyclophosphamide - Pharmacokinetics - Excretion
Kidney
Cyclophosphamide - Pharmacokinetics - Half-life
3–12 hours
Cyclophosphamide - Dosage Ranges
Varies based on the condition and patient
Cyclophosphamide - Key Facts
Can cause sterility, birth defects, mutations, and cancer.
Chlorambucil - Drug Class
Alkylating agent
Chlorambucil - Mechanism of Action
DNA cross-linking/alkylation
Chlorambucil - Drug Targets
DNA
Chlorambucil - Expected Time for Effect
Varies depending on the condition being treated
Chlorambucil - Pharmacodynamics
Interferes with DNA replication and RNA transcription
Chlorambucil - Pharmacokinetics - Absorption
Rapid and complete (>70%) from GI tract; reduced with food
Chlorambucil - Pharmacokinetics - Distribution
Vd: ~0.31 L/kg
Chlorambucil - Pharmacokinetics - Metabolism
Hepatic (extensively); primarily to active metabolite, phenylacetic acid mustard
Chlorambucil - Pharmacokinetics - Excretion
Urine (~20% to 60% within 24 hours, primarily as inactive metabolites, <1% as unchanged drug or phenylacetic acid mustard)
Chlorambucil - Pharmacokinetics - Half-life
Chlorambucil: ~1.5 hours; Phenylacetic acid mustard: 1.8 ± 0.4 hours
Chlorambucil - Dosage Ranges
Varies based on the condition and patient
Chlorambucil - Key Facts
Can cause bone marrow suppression, is a known carcinogen, mutagenic, and teratogenic.
Nitrosoureas - Drug Class
Alkylating agents
Nitrosoureas - Mechanism of Action
Alkylation and carbamoylation of DNA
Nitrosoureas - Drug Targets
DNA
Nitrosoureas - Expected Time for Effect
Varies depending on the condition being treated
Nitrosoureas - Pharmacodynamics
Crosses the blood-brain barrier and binds irreversibly to cellular macromolecules
Nitrosoureas - Pharmacokinetics - Absorption
Varies
Nitrosoureas - Pharmacokinetics - Distribution
Crosses the blood-brain barrier
Nitrosoureas - Pharmacokinetics - Metabolism
Varies
Nitrosoureas - Pharmacokinetics - Excretion
Varies
Nitrosoureas - Pharmacokinetics - Half-life
Varies
Nitrosoureas - Dosage Ranges
Varies based on the condition and patient
Nitrosoureas - Key Facts
Used against a variety of human solid tumors, can cause severe bone marrow toxicity.
Cisplatin - Drug Class
Platinum-based chemotherapy
Cisplatin - Mechanism of Action
DNA cross-linking
Cisplatin - Drug Targets
DNA
Cisplatin - Expected Time for Effect
Varies depending on the condition being treated
Cisplatin - Pharmacodynamics
Forms DNA adducts, leading to apoptosis
Cisplatin - Pharmacokinetics - Absorption
Intravenous administration
Cisplatin - Pharmacokinetics - Distribution
Widely distributed in tissues
Cisplatin - Pharmacokinetics - Metabolism
Non-enzymatic
Cisplatin - Pharmacokinetics - Excretion
Primarily renal
Cisplatin - Pharmacokinetics - Half-life
Biphasic, with a terminal half-life of 20-30 hours
Cisplatin - Dosage Ranges
Varies based on the condition and patient
Cisplatin - Key Facts
Can cause nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, and neurotoxicity.
Methotrexate - Drug Class
Antimetabolite
Methotrexate - Mechanism of Action
Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase
Methotrexate - Drug Targets
Dihydrofolate reductase
Methotrexate - Expected Time for Effect
Varies depending on the condition being treated
Methotrexate - Pharmacodynamics
Inhibits DNA synthesis
Methotrexate - Pharmacokinetics - Absorption
Oral and parenteral
Methotrexate - Pharmacokinetics - Distribution
Widely distributed in tissues
Methotrexate - Pharmacokinetics - Metabolism
Hepatic
Methotrexate - Pharmacokinetics - Excretion
Renal
Methotrexate - Pharmacokinetics - Half-life
3-10 hours
Methotrexate - Dosage Ranges
Varies based on the condition and patient
Methotrexate - Key Facts
Can cause hepatotoxicity, myelosuppression, and mucositis.
Antimetabolites - 6-MP, 5-FU - Drug Class
Antimetabolites
Antimetabolites - 6-MP, 5-FU - Mechanism of Action
Inhibits DNA synthesis
Antimetabolites - 6-MP, 5-FU - Drug Targets
Various enzymes involved in DNA synthesis
Antimetabolites - 6-MP, 5-FU - Expected Time for Effect
Varies depending on the condition being treated
Antimetabolites - 6-MP, 5-FU - Pharmacodynamics
Inhibits DNA synthesis
Antimetabolites - 6-MP, 5-FU - Pharmacokinetics - Absorption
Oral and parenteral
Antimetabolites - 6-MP, 5-FU - Pharmacokinetics - Distribution
Widely distributed in tissues
Antimetabolites - 6-MP, 5-FU - Pharmacokinetics - Metabolism
Hepatic
Antimetabolites - 6-MP, 5-FU - Pharmacokinetics - Excretion
Renal
Antimetabolites - 6-MP, 5-FU - Pharmacokinetics - Half-life
Varies
Antimetabolites - 6-MP, 5-FU - Dosage Ranges
Varies based on the condition and patient
Antimetabolites - 6-MP, 5-FU - Key Facts
Can cause myelosuppression, mucositis, and gastrointestinal toxicity.
Plant Based - Vincristine, Paclitaxel (Taxol) - Drug Class
Plant alkaloids
Plant Based - Vincristine, Paclitaxel (Taxol) - Mechanism of Action
Inhibits microtubule formation
Plant Based - Vincristine, Paclitaxel (Taxol) - Drug Targets
Microtubules
Plant Based - Vincristine, Paclitaxel (Taxol) - Expected Time for Effect
Varies depending on the condition being treated
Plant Based - Vincristine, Paclitaxel (Taxol) - Pharmacodynamics
Inhibits cell division
Plant Based - Vincristine, Paclitaxel (Taxol) - Pharmacokinetics - Absorption
Intravenous administration
Plant Based - Vincristine, Paclitaxel (Taxol) - Pharmacokinetics - Distribution
Widely distributed in tissues
Plant Based - Vincristine, Paclitaxel (Taxol) - Pharmacokinetics - Metabolism
Hepatic
Plant Based - Vincristine, Paclitaxel (Taxol) - Pharmacokinetics - Excretion
Renal and biliary
Plant Based - Vincristine, Paclitaxel (Taxol) - Pharmacokinetics - Half-life
Varies
Plant Based - Vincristine, Paclitaxel (Taxol) - Dosage Ranges
Varies based on the condition and patient
Plant Based - Vincristine, Paclitaxel (Taxol) - Key Facts
Can cause neurotoxicity and myelosuppression.
Antibiotics - Dactinomycin, Doxorubicin, Bleomycin - Drug Class
Antitumor antibiotics
Antibiotics - Dactinomycin, Doxorubicin, Bleomycin - Mechanism of Action
Intercalates into DNA
Antibiotics - Dactinomycin, Doxorubicin, Bleomycin - Drug Targets
DNA
Antibiotics - Dactinomycin, Doxorubicin, Bleomycin - Expected Time for Effect
Varies depending on the condition being treated
Antibiotics - Dactinomycin, Doxorubicin, Bleomycin - Pharmacodynamics
Inhibits DNA synthesis
Antibiotics - Dactinomycin, Doxorubicin, Bleomycin - Pharmacokinetics - Absorption
Intravenous administration
Antibiotics - Dactinomycin, Doxorubicin, Bleomycin - Pharmacokinetics - Distribution
Widely distributed in tissues
Antibiotics - Dactinomycin, Doxorubicin, Bleomycin - Pharmacokinetics - Metabolism
Hepatic
Antibiotics - Dactinomycin, Doxorubicin, Bleomycin - Pharmacokinetics - Excretion
Renal and biliary
Antibiotics - Dactinomycin, Doxorubicin, Bleomycin - Pharmacokinetics - Half-life
Varies
Antibiotics - Dactinomycin, Doxorubicin, Bleomycin - Dosage Ranges
Varies based on the condition and patient
Antibiotics - Dactinomycin, Doxorubicin, Bleomycin - Key Facts
Can cause cardiotoxicity, myelosuppression, and pulmonary toxicity.
Hormonal Agents - Corticosteroids, Tamoxifen, Fulvestrant - Drug Class
Hormonal agents
Hormonal Agents - Corticosteroids, Tamoxifen, Fulvestrant - Mechanism of Action
Varies (e.g., receptor antagonism)
Hormonal Agents - Corticosteroids, Tamoxifen, Fulvestrant - Drug Targets
Hormone receptors
Hormonal Agents - Corticosteroids, Tamoxifen, Fulvestrant - Expected Time for Effect
Varies depending on the condition being treated
Hormonal Agents - Corticosteroids, Tamoxifen, Fulvestrant - Pharmacodynamics
Modulates hormone activity
Hormonal Agents - Corticosteroids, Tamoxifen, Fulvestrant - Pharmacokinetics - Absorption
Oral and parenteral
Hormonal Agents - Corticosteroids, Tamoxifen, Fulvestrant - Pharmacokinetics - Distribution
Widely distributed in tissues
Hormonal Agents - Corticosteroids, Tamoxifen, Fulvestrant - Pharmacokinetics - Metabolism
Hepatic
Hormonal Agents - Corticosteroids, Tamoxifen, Fulvestrant - Pharmacokinetics - Excretion
Renal and biliary
Hormonal Agents - Corticosteroids, Tamoxifen, Fulvestrant - Pharmacokinetics - Half-life
Varies
Hormonal Agents - Corticosteroids, Tamoxifen, Fulvestrant - Dosage Ranges
Varies based on the condition and patient
Hormonal Agents - Corticosteroids, Tamoxifen, Fulvestrant - Key Facts
Can cause various side effects depending on the specific agent.
Miscellaneous - -ibs and -mabs - Drug Class
Various (e.g., kinase inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies)
Miscellaneous - -ibs and -mabs - Mechanism of Action
Varies (e.g., inhibition of specific kinases, targeting specific antigens)
Miscellaneous - -ibs and -mabs - Drug Targets
Varies
Miscellaneous - -ibs and -mabs - Expected Time for Effect
Varies depending on the condition being treated
Miscellaneous - -ibs and -mabs - Pharmacodynamics
Varies
Miscellaneous - -ibs and -mabs - Pharmacokinetics - Absorption
Varies
Miscellaneous - -ibs and -mabs - Pharmacokinetics - Distribution
Varies
Miscellaneous - -ibs and -mabs - Pharmacokinetics - Metabolism
Varies
Miscellaneous - -ibs and -mabs - Pharmacokinetics - Excretion
Varies
Miscellaneous - -ibs and -mabs - Pharmacokinetics - Half-life
Varies
Miscellaneous - -ibs and -mabs - Dosage Ranges
Varies based on the condition and patient
Miscellaneous - -ibs and -mabs - Key Facts
Can cause various side effects depending on the specific agent.