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Advanced Pharm Fall 24' > Diabetes Drugs > Flashcards

Diabetes Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the drug class of Insulin Rapid Acting?

A

Rapid-acting insulin

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2
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Insulin Rapid Acting?

A

Mimics natural insulin, facilitating glucose uptake by cells

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3
Q

What are the drug targets for Insulin Rapid Acting?

A

Insulin receptors on muscle and fat cells

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4
Q

What is the expected time for effect of Insulin Rapid Acting?

A

Onset in 5-15 minutes, peak at 45-75 minutes, duration of 3-5 hours

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5
Q

What are the pharmacokinetics of Insulin Rapid Acting?

A

Rapid absorption, distributed in extracellular fluid, metabolized by liver and kidneys, excreted in urine

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6
Q

What are the dosage ranges for Insulin Rapid Acting?

A

Varies based on individual needs

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7
Q

What is a key feature of Insulin Rapid Acting?

A

Used for mealtime blood sugar control

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8
Q

What is the drug class of Insulin Short Acting?

A

Short-acting insulin

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9
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Insulin Short Acting?

A

Facilitates glucose uptake by cells

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10
Q

What are the drug targets for Insulin Short Acting?

A

Insulin receptors on muscle and fat cells

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11
Q

What is the expected time for effect of Insulin Short Acting?

A

Onset in 30-60 minutes, peak at 2-4 hours, duration of 6-8 hours

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12
Q

What are the pharmacokinetics of Insulin Short Acting?

A

Absorbed subcutaneously, distributed in extracellular fluid, metabolized by liver and kidneys, excreted in urine

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13
Q

What are the dosage ranges for Insulin Short Acting?

A

Varies based on individual needs

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14
Q

What is a key feature of Insulin Short Acting?

A

Used for mealtime blood sugar control

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15
Q

What is the drug class of Insulin Intermediate Acting?

A

Intermediate-acting insulin

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16
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Insulin Intermediate Acting?

A

Facilitates glucose uptake by cells

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17
Q

What are the drug targets for Insulin Intermediate Acting?

A

Insulin receptors on muscle and fat cells

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18
Q

What is the expected time for effect of Insulin Intermediate Acting?

A

Onset in about 2 hours, peak at 4-12 hours, duration of 18-26 hours

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19
Q

What are the pharmacokinetics of Insulin Intermediate Acting?

A

Absorbed subcutaneously, distributed in extracellular fluid, metabolized by liver and kidneys, excreted in urine

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20
Q

What are the dosage ranges for Insulin Intermediate Acting?

A

Varies based on individual needs

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21
Q

What is a key feature of Insulin Intermediate Acting?

A

Provides basal insulin coverage

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22
Q

What is the drug class of Insulin Long Acting?

A

Long-acting insulin

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23
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Insulin Long Acting?

A

Facilitates glucose uptake by cells

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24
Q

What are the drug targets for Insulin Long Acting?

A

Insulin receptors on muscle and fat cells

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25
Q

What is the expected time for effect of Insulin Long Acting?

A

Onset in 1-2 hours, no peak, duration of 14-24 hours

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26
Q

What are the pharmacokinetics of Insulin Long Acting?

A

Absorbed subcutaneously, distributed in extracellular fluid, metabolized by liver and kidneys, excreted in urine

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27
Q

What are the dosage ranges for Insulin Long Acting?

A

Varies based on individual needs

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28
Q

What is a key feature of Insulin Long Acting?

A

Provides basal insulin coverage

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29
Q

What is the drug class of Metformin?

A

Biguanide

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30
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Metformin?

A

Decreases hepatic glucose production, increases insulin sensitivity

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31
Q

What are the drug targets for Metformin?

A

Liver, muscle cells

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32
Q

What is the expected time for effect of Metformin?

A

Onset in hours, peak at 2-3 hours, duration of 8-12 hours

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33
Q

What are the pharmacokinetics of Metformin?

A

Absorbed in the small intestine, not metabolized, excreted unchanged in urine

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34
Q

What are the dosage ranges for Metformin?

A

500-2000 mg/day

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35
Q

What is a key feature of Metformin?

A

First-line treatment for type 2 diabetes, no risk of hypoglycemia

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36
Q

What is the drug class of Sulfonylureas?

A

Sulfonylureas

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37
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Sulfonylureas?

A

Stimulates insulin release from pancreatic beta cells

38
Q

What are the drug targets for Sulfonylureas?

A

Pancreatic beta cells

39
Q

What is the expected time for effect of Sulfonylureas?

A

Onset in 1-2 hours, peak at 4-6 hours, duration of 12-24 hours

40
Q

What are the pharmacokinetics of Sulfonylureas?

A

Absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, metabolized by the liver, excreted in urine

41
Q

What are the dosage ranges for Sulfonylureas?

A

Varies based on specific drug

42
Q

What is a key feature of Sulfonylureas?

A

Risk of hypoglycemia, weight gain

43
Q

What is the drug class of Thiazolidinediones?

A

Thiazolidinediones

44
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Thiazolidinediones?

A

Increases insulin sensitivity in muscle and fat

45
Q

What are the drug targets for Thiazolidinediones?

A

PPAR-gamma receptors

46
Q

What is the expected time for effect of Thiazolidinediones?

A

Onset in days to weeks, peak at 4-6 weeks

47
Q

What are the pharmacokinetics of Thiazolidinediones?

A

Absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, metabolized by the liver, excreted in urine and feces

48
Q

What are the dosage ranges for Thiazolidinediones?

A

Varies based on specific drug

49
Q

What is a key feature of Thiazolidinediones?

A

Risk of weight gain, edema, heart failure

50
Q

What is the drug class of Acarbose?

A

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor

51
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Acarbose?

A

Delays carbohydrate absorption in the intestine

52
Q

What are the drug targets for Acarbose?

A

Intestinal brush border enzymes

53
Q

What is the expected time for effect of Acarbose?

A

Onset in 1 hour, peak at 2 hours, duration of 4-6 hours

54
Q

What are the pharmacokinetics of Acarbose?

A

Minimally absorbed, metabolized by intestinal bacteria, excreted in feces

55
Q

What are the dosage ranges for Acarbose?

A

25-100 mg three times daily

56
Q

What is a key feature of Acarbose?

A

Gastrointestinal side effects

57
Q

What is the drug class of Bile Acid Binding Resin?

A

Bile acid sequestrants

58
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Bile Acid Binding Resin?

A

Binds bile acids in the intestine, reducing cholesterol absorption

59
Q

What are the drug targets for Bile Acid Binding Resin?

A

Intestinal bile acids

60
Q

What is the expected time for effect of Bile Acid Binding Resin?

A

Onset in days, peak at 2-4 weeks

61
Q

What are the pharmacokinetics of Bile Acid Binding Resin?

A

Not absorbed, excreted in feces

62
Q

What are the dosage ranges for Bile Acid Binding Resin?

A

Varies based on specific drug

63
Q

What is a key feature of Bile Acid Binding Resin?

A

Gastrointestinal side effects, may affect absorption of other drugs

64
Q

What is the drug class of Amylin?

A

Amylin analog

65
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Amylin?

A

Slows gastric emptying, suppresses glucagon secretion

66
Q

What are the drug targets for Amylin?

A

Amylin receptors

67
Q

What is the expected time for effect of Amylin?

A

Onset in 20 minutes, peak at 1 hour, duration of 3 hours

68
Q

What are the pharmacokinetics of Amylin?

A

Absorbed subcutaneously, metabolized by the kidneys, excreted in urine

69
Q

What are the dosage ranges for Amylin?

A

Varies based on specific drug

70
Q

What is a key feature of Amylin?

A

Used in conjunction with insulin

71
Q

What is the drug class of Semaglutide?

A

GLP-1 receptor agonist

72
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Semaglutide?

A

Increases insulin secretion, decreases glucagon secretion

73
Q

What are the drug targets for Semaglutide?

A

GLP-1 receptors

74
Q

What is the expected time for effect of Semaglutide?

A

Onset in 1 hour, peak at 1-3 days, duration of 1 week

75
Q

What are the pharmacokinetics of Semaglutide?

A

Absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, metabolized by the kidneys, excreted in urine

76
Q

What are the dosage ranges for Semaglutide?

A

0.25-1 mg once weekly

77
Q

What is a key feature of Semaglutide?

A

Weight loss, gastrointestinal side effects

78
Q

What is the drug class of Sitagliptin?

A

DPP-4 inhibitor

79
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Sitagliptin?

A

Inhibits DPP-4 enzyme, increasing incretin levels

80
Q

What are the drug targets for Sitagliptin?

A

DPP-4 enzyme

81
Q

What is the expected time for effect of Sitagliptin?

A

Onset in 1 hour, peak at 1-4 hours, duration of 24 hours

82
Q

What are the pharmacokinetics of Sitagliptin?

A

Absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, metabolized by the liver, excreted in urine

83
Q

What are the dosage ranges for Sitagliptin?

A

100 mg once daily

84
Q

What is a key feature of Sitagliptin?

A

Low risk of hypoglycemia

85
Q

What is the drug class of Gliflozin?

A

SGLT2 inhibitor

86
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Gliflozin?

A

Inhibits SGLT2 in the kidneys, reducing glucose reabsorption

87
Q

What are the drug targets for Gliflozin?

A

SGLT2 receptors

88
Q

What is the expected time for effect of Gliflozin?

A

Onset in 1 hour, peak at 1-2 hours, duration of 24 hours

89
Q

What are the pharmacokinetics of Gliflozin?

A

Absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, metabolized by the liver, excreted in urine

90
Q

What are the dosage ranges for Gliflozin?

A

Varies based on specific drug

91
Q

What is a key feature of Gliflozin?

A

Weight loss, risk of urinary tract infections

Advanced Pharm Fall 24' (14 decks)

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