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Advanced Pharm Fall 24' > Dyslipidemia Drugs > Flashcards

Dyslipidemia Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is Dyslipidemia?

A

Dyslipidemia refers to abnormal levels of lipids in the blood.

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2
Q

What drug class do Statins belong to?

A

Statins are HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors.

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3
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Statins?

A

Statins inhibit the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase, involved in cholesterol synthesis in the liver.

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4
Q

What are the drug targets of Statins?

A

The drug target of Statins is HMG-CoA reductase.

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5
Q

How long does it take for Statins to show effect?

A

The expected time for effect is several days to weeks.

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6
Q

What are the pharmacodynamics of Statins?

A

Statins reduce LDL cholesterol, increase HDL cholesterol, and lower triglycerides.

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7
Q

What are the pharmacokinetics of Statins?

A

Statins are well absorbed, primarily distributed in the liver, excreted in bile and feces, and metabolized via CYP3A4.

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8
Q

What are the typical dosage ranges for Statins?

A

Dosage ranges for Statins typically vary from 10-80 mg daily.

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9
Q

What are key facts about Statins?

A

Statins have a black box warning for potential liver damage and common side effects include muscle pain and weakness.

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10
Q

What drug class does Niacin belong to?

A

Niacin is a nicotinic acid derivative.

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11
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Niacin?

A

Niacin inhibits the release of free fatty acids from adipose tissue and increases lipoprotein lipase activity.

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12
Q

What are the drug targets of Niacin?

A

The drug targets of Niacin are hydroxycarboxylic acid receptors 2 and 3, and diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2.

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13
Q

How long does it take for Niacin to show effect?

A

The expected time for effect is several days to weeks.

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14
Q

What are the pharmacodynamics of Niacin?

A

Niacin reduces total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, and increases HDL.

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15
Q

What are the pharmacokinetics of Niacin?

A

Niacin is rapidly and extensively absorbed, mainly distributed to hepatic, renal, and adipose tissue, excreted in urine (60-88%), and undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism.

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16
Q

What are the typical dosage ranges for Niacin?

A

Dosage ranges for Niacin typically vary from 500-2000 mg daily.

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17
Q

What are key facts about Niacin?

A

Niacin may cause flushing, dizziness, and liver damage; common side effects include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

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18
Q

What drug class does Gemfibrozil belong to?

A

Gemfibrozil is a fibric acid derivative.

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19
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Gemfibrozil?

A

Gemfibrozil activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα), altering lipid metabolism.

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20
Q

What are the drug targets of Gemfibrozil?

A

The drug target of Gemfibrozil is PPARα.

21
Q

How long does it take for Gemfibrozil to show effect?

A

The expected time for effect is several days.

22
Q

What are the pharmacodynamics of Gemfibrozil?

A

Gemfibrozil increases HDL, decreases triglycerides, and VLDL.

23
Q

What are the pharmacokinetics of Gemfibrozil?

A

Gemfibrozil is well absorbed, primarily distributed in the liver, excreted in urine (70%), and metabolized hepatically via oxidation.

24
Q

What are the typical dosage ranges for Gemfibrozil?

A

The typical dosage for Gemfibrozil is 600 mg twice daily.

25
Q

What are key facts about Gemfibrozil?

A

Gemfibrozil may cause gastrointestinal issues and liver damage; common side effects include abdominal pain and diarrhea.

26
Q

What drug class do Bile Acid Binding Resins (BABR) belong to?

A

Bile Acid Binding Resins are bile acid sequestrants.

27
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Bile Acid Binding Resins?

A

Bile Acid Binding Resins bind bile acids in the intestine, preventing their reabsorption and promoting their excretion.

28
Q

What are the drug targets of Bile Acid Binding Resins?

A

The drug targets of Bile Acid Binding Resins are bile acids.

29
Q

How long does it take for Bile Acid Binding Resins to show effect?

A

The expected time for effect is several days to weeks.

30
Q

What are the pharmacodynamics of Bile Acid Binding Resins?

A

Bile Acid Binding Resins reduce LDL cholesterol.

31
Q

What are the pharmacokinetics of Bile Acid Binding Resins?

A

Bile Acid Binding Resins are not absorbed, remain in the gastrointestinal tract, are excreted in feces, and are not metabolized.

32
Q

What are the typical dosage ranges for Bile Acid Binding Resins?

A

Dosage ranges for Bile Acid Binding Resins typically vary from 4-16 g daily.

33
Q

What are key facts about Bile Acid Binding Resins?

A

Bile Acid Binding Resins may cause gastrointestinal issues like constipation and bloating; common side effects include nausea and abdominal pain.

34
Q

What drug class does Ezetimibe belong to?

A

Ezetimibe is a cholesterol absorption inhibitor.

35
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Ezetimibe?

A

Ezetimibe inhibits the absorption of cholesterol at the brush border of the small intestine.

36
Q

What are the drug targets of Ezetimibe?

A

The drug target of Ezetimibe is the Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 (NPC1L1) protein.

37
Q

How long does it take for Ezetimibe to show effect?

A

The expected time for effect is several days to weeks.

38
Q

What are the pharmacodynamics of Ezetimibe?

A

Ezetimibe reduces LDL cholesterol.

39
Q

What are the pharmacokinetics of Ezetimibe?

A

Ezetimibe is well absorbed, primarily distributed in the liver, excreted in feces (78%), and metabolized hepatically via glucuronidation.

40
Q

What are the typical dosage ranges for Ezetimibe?

A

The typical dosage for Ezetimibe is 10 mg daily.

41
Q

What are key facts about Ezetimibe?

A

Ezetimibe may cause gastrointestinal issues and liver damage; common side effects include diarrhea and abdominal pain.

42
Q

What drug class does Evolocumab belong to?

A

Evolocumab is a PCSK9 inhibitor.

43
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Evolocumab?

A

Evolocumab inhibits proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), increasing the number of LDL receptors available to clear LDL from the blood.

44
Q

What are the drug targets of Evolocumab?

A

The drug target of Evolocumab is PCSK9.

45
Q

How long does it take for Evolocumab to show effect?

A

The expected time for effect is several days to weeks.

46
Q

What are the pharmacodynamics of Evolocumab?

A

Evolocumab reduces LDL cholesterol.

47
Q

What are the pharmacokinetics of Evolocumab?

A

Evolocumab is administered via subcutaneous injection, primarily distributed in the liver, with unknown excretion and metabolized through proteolytic degradation.

48
Q

What are the typical dosage ranges for Evolocumab?

A

Dosage ranges for Evolocumab are 140 mg every two weeks or 420 mg monthly.

49
Q

What are key facts about Evolocumab?

A

Evolocumab may cause injection site reactions and allergic reactions; common side effects include nasopharyngitis and upper respiratory tract infections.

Advanced Pharm Fall 24' (18 decks)

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