Dyslipidemia Drugs

Question 1

What is Dyslipidemia?

Answer 1

Dyslipidemia refers to abnormal levels of lipids in the blood.

Question 2

What drug class do Statins belong to?

Answer 2

Statins are HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors.

Question 3

What is the mechanism of action of Statins?

Answer 3

Statins inhibit the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase, involved in cholesterol synthesis in the liver.

Question 4

What are the drug targets of Statins?

Answer 4

The drug target of Statins is HMG-CoA reductase.

Question 5

How long does it take for Statins to show effect?

Answer 5

The expected time for effect is several days to weeks.

Question 6

What are the pharmacodynamics of Statins?

Answer 6

Statins reduce LDL cholesterol, increase HDL cholesterol, and lower triglycerides.

Question 7

What are the pharmacokinetics of Statins?

Answer 7

Statins are well absorbed, primarily distributed in the liver, excreted in bile and feces, and metabolized via CYP3A4.

Question 8

What are the typical dosage ranges for Statins?

Answer 8

Dosage ranges for Statins typically vary from 10-80 mg daily.

Question 9

What are key facts about Statins?

Answer 9

Statins have a black box warning for potential liver damage and common side effects include muscle pain and weakness.

Question 10

What drug class does Niacin belong to?

Answer 10

Niacin is a nicotinic acid derivative.

Question 11

What is the mechanism of action of Niacin?

Answer 11

Niacin inhibits the release of free fatty acids from adipose tissue and increases lipoprotein lipase activity.

Question 12

What are the drug targets of Niacin?

Answer 12

The drug targets of Niacin are hydroxycarboxylic acid receptors 2 and 3, and diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2.

Question 13

How long does it take for Niacin to show effect?

Answer 13

The expected time for effect is several days to weeks.

Question 14

What are the pharmacodynamics of Niacin?

Answer 14

Niacin reduces total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, and increases HDL.

Question 15

What are the pharmacokinetics of Niacin?

Answer 15

Niacin is rapidly and extensively absorbed, mainly distributed to hepatic, renal, and adipose tissue, excreted in urine (60-88%), and undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism.

Question 16

What are the typical dosage ranges for Niacin?

Answer 16

Dosage ranges for Niacin typically vary from 500-2000 mg daily.

Question 17

What are key facts about Niacin?

Answer 17

Niacin may cause flushing, dizziness, and liver damage; common side effects include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

Question 18

What drug class does Gemfibrozil belong to?

Answer 18

Gemfibrozil is a fibric acid derivative.

Question 19

What is the mechanism of action of Gemfibrozil?

Answer 19

Gemfibrozil activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα), altering lipid metabolism.

Question 20

What are the drug targets of Gemfibrozil?

Answer 20

The drug target of Gemfibrozil is PPARα.

Question 21

How long does it take for Gemfibrozil to show effect?

Answer 21

The expected time for effect is several days.

Question 22

What are the pharmacodynamics of Gemfibrozil?

Answer 22

Gemfibrozil increases HDL, decreases triglycerides, and VLDL.

Question 23

What are the pharmacokinetics of Gemfibrozil?

Answer 23

Gemfibrozil is well absorbed, primarily distributed in the liver, excreted in urine (70%), and metabolized hepatically via oxidation.

Question 24

What are the typical dosage ranges for Gemfibrozil?

Answer 24

The typical dosage for Gemfibrozil is 600 mg twice daily.

Question 25

What are key facts about Gemfibrozil?

Answer 25

Gemfibrozil may cause gastrointestinal issues and liver damage; common side effects include abdominal pain and diarrhea.

Question 26

What drug class do Bile Acid Binding Resins (BABR) belong to?

Answer 26

Bile Acid Binding Resins are bile acid sequestrants.

Question 27

What is the mechanism of action of Bile Acid Binding Resins?

Answer 27

Bile Acid Binding Resins bind bile acids in the intestine, preventing their reabsorption and promoting their excretion.

Question 28

What are the drug targets of Bile Acid Binding Resins?

Answer 28

The drug targets of Bile Acid Binding Resins are bile acids.

Question 29

How long does it take for Bile Acid Binding Resins to show effect?

Answer 29

The expected time for effect is several days to weeks.

Question 30

What are the pharmacodynamics of Bile Acid Binding Resins?

Answer 30

Bile Acid Binding Resins reduce LDL cholesterol.

Question 31

What are the pharmacokinetics of Bile Acid Binding Resins?

Answer 31

Bile Acid Binding Resins are not absorbed, remain in the gastrointestinal tract, are excreted in feces, and are not metabolized.

Question 32

What are the typical dosage ranges for Bile Acid Binding Resins?

Answer 32

Dosage ranges for Bile Acid Binding Resins typically vary from 4-16 g daily.

Question 33

What are key facts about Bile Acid Binding Resins?

Answer 33

Bile Acid Binding Resins may cause gastrointestinal issues like constipation and bloating; common side effects include nausea and abdominal pain.

Question 34

What drug class does Ezetimibe belong to?

Answer 34

Ezetimibe is a cholesterol absorption inhibitor.

Question 35

What is the mechanism of action of Ezetimibe?

Answer 35

Ezetimibe inhibits the absorption of cholesterol at the brush border of the small intestine.

Question 36

What are the drug targets of Ezetimibe?

Answer 36

The drug target of Ezetimibe is the Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 (NPC1L1) protein.

Question 37

How long does it take for Ezetimibe to show effect?

Answer 37

The expected time for effect is several days to weeks.

Question 38

What are the pharmacodynamics of Ezetimibe?

Answer 38

Ezetimibe reduces LDL cholesterol.

Question 39

What are the pharmacokinetics of Ezetimibe?

Answer 39

Ezetimibe is well absorbed, primarily distributed in the liver, excreted in feces (78%), and metabolized hepatically via glucuronidation.

Question 40

What are the typical dosage ranges for Ezetimibe?

Answer 40

The typical dosage for Ezetimibe is 10 mg daily.

Question 41

What are key facts about Ezetimibe?

Answer 41

Ezetimibe may cause gastrointestinal issues and liver damage; common side effects include diarrhea and abdominal pain.

Question 42

What drug class does Evolocumab belong to?

Answer 42

Evolocumab is a PCSK9 inhibitor.

Question 43

What is the mechanism of action of Evolocumab?

Answer 43

Evolocumab inhibits proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), increasing the number of LDL receptors available to clear LDL from the blood.

Question 44

What are the drug targets of Evolocumab?

Answer 44

The drug target of Evolocumab is PCSK9.

Question 45

How long does it take for Evolocumab to show effect?

Answer 45

The expected time for effect is several days to weeks.

Question 46

What are the pharmacodynamics of Evolocumab?

Answer 46

Evolocumab reduces LDL cholesterol.

Question 47

What are the pharmacokinetics of Evolocumab?

Answer 47

Evolocumab is administered via subcutaneous injection, primarily distributed in the liver, with unknown excretion and metabolized through proteolytic degradation.

Question 48

What are the typical dosage ranges for Evolocumab?

Answer 48

Dosage ranges for Evolocumab are 140 mg every two weeks or 420 mg monthly.

Question 49

What are key facts about Evolocumab?

Answer 49

Evolocumab may cause injection site reactions and allergic reactions; common side effects include nasopharyngitis and upper respiratory tract infections.