Dyslipidemia Drugs Flashcards
What is Dyslipidemia?
Dyslipidemia refers to abnormal levels of lipids in the blood.
What drug class do Statins belong to?
Statins are HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors.
What is the mechanism of action of Statins?
Statins inhibit the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase, involved in cholesterol synthesis in the liver.
What are the drug targets of Statins?
The drug target of Statins is HMG-CoA reductase.
How long does it take for Statins to show effect?
The expected time for effect is several days to weeks.
What are the pharmacodynamics of Statins?
Statins reduce LDL cholesterol, increase HDL cholesterol, and lower triglycerides.
What are the pharmacokinetics of Statins?
Statins are well absorbed, primarily distributed in the liver, excreted in bile and feces, and metabolized via CYP3A4.
What are the typical dosage ranges for Statins?
Dosage ranges for Statins typically vary from 10-80 mg daily.
What are key facts about Statins?
Statins have a black box warning for potential liver damage and common side effects include muscle pain and weakness.
What drug class does Niacin belong to?
Niacin is a nicotinic acid derivative.
What is the mechanism of action of Niacin?
Niacin inhibits the release of free fatty acids from adipose tissue and increases lipoprotein lipase activity.
What are the drug targets of Niacin?
The drug targets of Niacin are hydroxycarboxylic acid receptors 2 and 3, and diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2.
How long does it take for Niacin to show effect?
The expected time for effect is several days to weeks.
What are the pharmacodynamics of Niacin?
Niacin reduces total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, and increases HDL.
What are the pharmacokinetics of Niacin?
Niacin is rapidly and extensively absorbed, mainly distributed to hepatic, renal, and adipose tissue, excreted in urine (60-88%), and undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism.
What are the typical dosage ranges for Niacin?
Dosage ranges for Niacin typically vary from 500-2000 mg daily.
What are key facts about Niacin?
Niacin may cause flushing, dizziness, and liver damage; common side effects include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
What drug class does Gemfibrozil belong to?
Gemfibrozil is a fibric acid derivative.
What is the mechanism of action of Gemfibrozil?
Gemfibrozil activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα), altering lipid metabolism.
What are the drug targets of Gemfibrozil?
The drug target of Gemfibrozil is PPARα.
How long does it take for Gemfibrozil to show effect?
The expected time for effect is several days.
What are the pharmacodynamics of Gemfibrozil?
Gemfibrozil increases HDL, decreases triglycerides, and VLDL.
What are the pharmacokinetics of Gemfibrozil?
Gemfibrozil is well absorbed, primarily distributed in the liver, excreted in urine (70%), and metabolized hepatically via oxidation.
What are the typical dosage ranges for Gemfibrozil?
The typical dosage for Gemfibrozil is 600 mg twice daily.
What are key facts about Gemfibrozil?
Gemfibrozil may cause gastrointestinal issues and liver damage; common side effects include abdominal pain and diarrhea.
What drug class do Bile Acid Binding Resins (BABR) belong to?
Bile Acid Binding Resins are bile acid sequestrants.
What is the mechanism of action of Bile Acid Binding Resins?
Bile Acid Binding Resins bind bile acids in the intestine, preventing their reabsorption and promoting their excretion.
What are the drug targets of Bile Acid Binding Resins?
The drug targets of Bile Acid Binding Resins are bile acids.
How long does it take for Bile Acid Binding Resins to show effect?
The expected time for effect is several days to weeks.
What are the pharmacodynamics of Bile Acid Binding Resins?
Bile Acid Binding Resins reduce LDL cholesterol.
What are the pharmacokinetics of Bile Acid Binding Resins?
Bile Acid Binding Resins are not absorbed, remain in the gastrointestinal tract, are excreted in feces, and are not metabolized.
What are the typical dosage ranges for Bile Acid Binding Resins?
Dosage ranges for Bile Acid Binding Resins typically vary from 4-16 g daily.
What are key facts about Bile Acid Binding Resins?
Bile Acid Binding Resins may cause gastrointestinal issues like constipation and bloating; common side effects include nausea and abdominal pain.
What drug class does Ezetimibe belong to?
Ezetimibe is a cholesterol absorption inhibitor.
What is the mechanism of action of Ezetimibe?
Ezetimibe inhibits the absorption of cholesterol at the brush border of the small intestine.
What are the drug targets of Ezetimibe?
The drug target of Ezetimibe is the Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 (NPC1L1) protein.
How long does it take for Ezetimibe to show effect?
The expected time for effect is several days to weeks.
What are the pharmacodynamics of Ezetimibe?
Ezetimibe reduces LDL cholesterol.
What are the pharmacokinetics of Ezetimibe?
Ezetimibe is well absorbed, primarily distributed in the liver, excreted in feces (78%), and metabolized hepatically via glucuronidation.
What are the typical dosage ranges for Ezetimibe?
The typical dosage for Ezetimibe is 10 mg daily.
What are key facts about Ezetimibe?
Ezetimibe may cause gastrointestinal issues and liver damage; common side effects include diarrhea and abdominal pain.
What drug class does Evolocumab belong to?
Evolocumab is a PCSK9 inhibitor.
What is the mechanism of action of Evolocumab?
Evolocumab inhibits proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), increasing the number of LDL receptors available to clear LDL from the blood.
What are the drug targets of Evolocumab?
The drug target of Evolocumab is PCSK9.
How long does it take for Evolocumab to show effect?
The expected time for effect is several days to weeks.
What are the pharmacodynamics of Evolocumab?
Evolocumab reduces LDL cholesterol.
What are the pharmacokinetics of Evolocumab?
Evolocumab is administered via subcutaneous injection, primarily distributed in the liver, with unknown excretion and metabolized through proteolytic degradation.
What are the typical dosage ranges for Evolocumab?
Dosage ranges for Evolocumab are 140 mg every two weeks or 420 mg monthly.
What are key facts about Evolocumab?
Evolocumab may cause injection site reactions and allergic reactions; common side effects include nasopharyngitis and upper respiratory tract infections.
