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Advanced Pharm Fall 24' > Movement Disorder Drugs > Flashcards

Movement Disorder Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the drug class of Levodopa/Carbidopa?

A

Dopamine precursor and decarboxylase inhibitor

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2
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Levodopa/Carbidopa?

A

Levodopa is converted to dopamine in the brain, while carbidopa inhibits the peripheral breakdown of levodopa, increasing its availability to the brain.

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3
Q

What are the drug targets of Levodopa/Carbidopa?

A

Dopamine receptors in the brain

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4
Q

What is the expected time for effect of Levodopa/Carbidopa?

A

30 minutes to 2 hours

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5
Q

What is the pharmacodynamics of Levodopa/Carbidopa?

A

Increases dopamine levels in the brain to improve motor function in Parkinson’s disease.

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6
Q

What are the pharmacokinetics of Levodopa/Carbidopa?

A

Rapidly absorbed from the small intestine, widely distributed in the body, crosses the blood-brain barrier, primarily excreted in urine, and metabolized in the liver and peripheral tissues.

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7
Q

What are the dosage ranges for Levodopa/Carbidopa?

A

Varies based on individual response and disease severity

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8
Q

What are the key features of Levodopa/Carbidopa?

A

May cause dyskinesia, nausea, and orthostatic hypotension

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9
Q

What is the drug class of Pimavanserin?

A

Atypical antipsychotic

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10
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Pimavanserin?

A

Selective serotonin inverse agonist and antagonist at 5-HT2A receptors

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11
Q

What are the drug targets of Pimavanserin?

A

5-HT2A receptors

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12
Q

What is the expected time for effect of Pimavanserin?

A

Several weeks

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13
Q

What is the pharmacodynamics of Pimavanserin?

A

Modulates serotonin activity to reduce psychosis in Parkinson’s disease

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14
Q

What are the pharmacokinetics of Pimavanserin?

A

Well absorbed orally, widely distributed, high protein binding, primarily excreted in feces, and metabolized by CYP3A4 and CYP3A5.

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15
Q

What are the dosage ranges for Pimavanserin?

A

Typically 34 mg once daily

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16
Q

What are the key features of Pimavanserin?

A

Black box warning for increased mortality in elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis

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17
Q

What is the drug class of Pramipexole?

A

Dopamine agonist

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18
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Pramipexole?

A

Stimulates dopamine receptors in the brain

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19
Q

What are the drug targets of Pramipexole?

A

Dopamine D2 and D3 receptors

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20
Q

What is the expected time for effect of Pramipexole?

A

1 to 3 hours

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21
Q

What is the pharmacodynamics of Pramipexole?

A

Mimics dopamine to improve motor function in Parkinson’s disease

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22
Q

What are the pharmacokinetics of Pramipexole?

A

Well absorbed orally, widely distributed, low protein binding, primarily excreted unchanged in urine, and minimal hepatic metabolism.

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23
Q

What are the dosage ranges for Pramipexole?

A

Varies based on individual response and disease severity

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24
Q

What are the key features of Pramipexole?

A

May cause sleep attacks, hallucinations, and compulsive behaviors

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25
What is the drug class of Selegiline?
MAO-B inhibitor
26
What is the mechanism of action of Selegiline?
Inhibits monoamine oxidase B, increasing dopamine levels in the brain
27
What are the drug targets of Selegiline?
Monoamine oxidase B enzyme
28
What is the expected time for effect of Selegiline?
Several weeks
29
What is the pharmacodynamics of Selegiline?
Increases dopamine levels to improve motor function in Parkinson's disease
30
What are the pharmacokinetics of Selegiline?
Well absorbed orally, widely distributed, crosses the blood-brain barrier, primarily excreted in urine, and metabolized in the liver to active metabolites.
31
What are the dosage ranges for Selegiline?
Typically 5 to 10 mg daily
32
What are the key features of Selegiline?
May cause insomnia, nausea, and hypertensive crisis with high tyramine intake
33
What is the drug class of Tolcapone?
COMT inhibitor
34
What is the mechanism of action of Tolcapone?
Inhibits catechol-O-methyltransferase, increasing levodopa levels in the brain
35
What are the drug targets of Tolcapone?
Catechol-O-methyltransferase enzyme
36
What is the expected time for effect of Tolcapone?
1 to 2 hours
37
What is the pharmacodynamics of Tolcapone?
Increases levodopa levels to improve motor function in Parkinson's disease
38
What are the pharmacokinetics of Tolcapone?
Well absorbed orally, widely distributed, crosses the blood-brain barrier, primarily excreted in urine, and metabolized in the liver.
39
What are the dosage ranges for Tolcapone?
Typically 100 to 200 mg three times daily
40
What are the key features of Tolcapone?
Black box warning for hepatotoxicity, requires liver function monitoring
41
What is the drug class of Apomorphine?
Dopamine agonist
42
What is the mechanism of action of Apomorphine?
Stimulates dopamine receptors in the brain
43
What are the drug targets of Apomorphine?
Dopamine D2 receptors
44
What is the expected time for effect of Apomorphine?
10 to 20 minutes
45
What is the pharmacodynamics of Apomorphine?
Mimics dopamine to improve motor function in Parkinson's disease
46
What are the pharmacokinetics of Apomorphine?
Rapidly absorbed subcutaneously, widely distributed, crosses the blood-brain barrier, primarily excreted in urine, and metabolized in the liver.
47
What are the dosage ranges for Apomorphine?
Varies based on individual response and disease severity
48
What are the key features of Apomorphine?
May cause nausea, vomiting, and orthostatic hypotension
49
What is the drug class of Baclofen?
Muscle relaxant
50
What is the mechanism of action of Baclofen?
Activates GABA-B receptors, inhibiting neurotransmitter release
51
What are the drug targets of Baclofen?
GABA-B receptors
52
What is the expected time for effect of Baclofen?
1 to 2 hours
53
What is the pharmacodynamics of Baclofen?
Reduces muscle spasticity
54
What are the pharmacokinetics of Baclofen?
Well absorbed orally, widely distributed, crosses the blood-brain barrier, primarily excreted unchanged in urine, and minimal hepatic metabolism.
55
What are the dosage ranges for Baclofen?
Typically 5 to 20 mg three times daily
56
What are the key features of Baclofen?
May cause drowsiness, dizziness, and withdrawal symptoms with abrupt discontinuation
57
What is the drug class of Tetrabenazine?
VMAT2 inhibitor
58
What is the mechanism of action of Tetrabenazine?
Inhibits vesicular monoamine transporter 2, reducing dopamine release
59
What are the drug targets of Tetrabenazine?
Vesicular monoamine transporter 2
60
What is the expected time for effect of Tetrabenazine?
Several weeks
61
What is the pharmacodynamics of Tetrabenazine?
Reduces chorea in Huntington's disease
62
What are the pharmacokinetics of Tetrabenazine?
Well absorbed orally, widely distributed, crosses the blood-brain barrier, primarily excreted in urine, and metabolized in the liver to active metabolites.
63
What are the dosage ranges for Tetrabenazine?
Typically 12.5 to 50 mg daily
64
What are the key features of Tetrabenazine?
Black box warning for depression and suicidal thoughts
65
What is the drug class of Haloperidol?
Typical antipsychotic
66
What is the mechanism of action of Haloperidol?
Blocks dopamine D2 receptors in the brain
67
What are the drug targets of Haloperidol?
Dopamine D2 receptors
68
What is the expected time for effect of Haloperidol?
Several days to weeks
69
What is the pharmacodynamics of Haloperidol?
Reduces psychosis and agitation
70
What are the pharmacokinetics of Haloperidol?
Well absorbed orally, widely distributed, high protein binding, primarily excreted in urine, and metabolized in the liver.
71
What are the dosage ranges for Haloperidol?
Typically 0.5 to 20 mg daily
72
What are the key features of Haloperidol?
May cause extrapyramidal symptoms, tardive dyskinesia, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome
73
What is the drug class of Riluzole?
Glutamate inhibitor
74
What is the mechanism of action of Riluzole?
Inhibits glutamate release and blocks sodium channels
75
What are the drug targets of Riluzole?
Glutamate receptors and sodium channels
76
What is the expected time for effect of Riluzole?
Several weeks
77
What is the pharmacodynamics of Riluzole?
Slows progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
78
What are the pharmacokinetics of Riluzole?
Well absorbed orally, widely distributed, crosses the blood-brain barrier, primarily excreted in urine, and metabolized in the liver.
79
What are the dosage ranges for Riluzole?
Typically 50 mg twice daily
80
What are the key features of Riluzole?
May cause liver toxicity, requires liver function monitoring
81
What is the drug class of Tacrine?
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
82
What is the mechanism of action of Tacrine?
Inhibits acetylcholinesterase, increasing acetylcholine levels in the brain
83
What are the drug targets of Tacrine?
Acetylcholinesterase enzyme
84
What is the expected time for effect of Tacrine?
Several weeks
85
What is the pharmacodynamics of Tacrine?
Improves cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease
86
What are the pharmacokinetics of Tacrine?
Well absorbed orally, widely distributed, crosses the blood-brain barrier, primarily excreted in urine, and metabolized in the liver.
87
What are the dosage ranges for Tacrine?
Typically 10 to 40 mg four times daily
88
What are the key features of Tacrine?
May cause liver toxicity, requires liver function monitoring
89
What is the drug class of Memantine?
NMDA receptor antagonist
90
What is the mechanism of action of Memantine?
Blocks NMDA receptors, reducing excitotoxicity
91
What are the drug targets of Memantine?
NMDA receptors
92
What is the expected time for effect of Memantine?
Several weeks
93
What is the pharmacodynamics of Memantine?
Improves cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease
94
What are the pharmacokinetics of Memantine?
Well absorbed orally, widely distributed, crosses the blood-brain barrier, primarily excreted unchanged in urine, and minimal hepatic metabolism.
95
What are the dosage ranges for Memantine?
Typically 5 to 20 mg daily
96
What are the key features of Memantine?
May cause dizziness, headache, and confusion

Advanced Pharm Fall 24' (18 decks)

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