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Advanced Pharm Fall 24' > Movement Disorder Drugs > Flashcards

Movement Disorder Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the drug class of Levodopa/Carbidopa?

A

Dopamine precursor and decarboxylase inhibitor

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2
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Levodopa/Carbidopa?

A

Levodopa is converted to dopamine in the brain, while carbidopa inhibits the peripheral breakdown of levodopa, increasing its availability to the brain.

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3
Q

What are the drug targets of Levodopa/Carbidopa?

A

Dopamine receptors in the brain

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4
Q

What is the expected time for effect of Levodopa/Carbidopa?

A

30 minutes to 2 hours

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5
Q

What is the pharmacodynamics of Levodopa/Carbidopa?

A

Increases dopamine levels in the brain to improve motor function in Parkinson’s disease.

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6
Q

What are the pharmacokinetics of Levodopa/Carbidopa?

A

Rapidly absorbed from the small intestine, widely distributed in the body, crosses the blood-brain barrier, primarily excreted in urine, and metabolized in the liver and peripheral tissues.

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7
Q

What are the dosage ranges for Levodopa/Carbidopa?

A

Varies based on individual response and disease severity

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8
Q

What are the key features of Levodopa/Carbidopa?

A

May cause dyskinesia, nausea, and orthostatic hypotension

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9
Q

What is the drug class of Pimavanserin?

A

Atypical antipsychotic

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10
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Pimavanserin?

A

Selective serotonin inverse agonist and antagonist at 5-HT2A receptors

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11
Q

What are the drug targets of Pimavanserin?

A

5-HT2A receptors

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12
Q

What is the expected time for effect of Pimavanserin?

A

Several weeks

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13
Q

What is the pharmacodynamics of Pimavanserin?

A

Modulates serotonin activity to reduce psychosis in Parkinson’s disease

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14
Q

What are the pharmacokinetics of Pimavanserin?

A

Well absorbed orally, widely distributed, high protein binding, primarily excreted in feces, and metabolized by CYP3A4 and CYP3A5.

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15
Q

What are the dosage ranges for Pimavanserin?

A

Typically 34 mg once daily

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16
Q

What are the key features of Pimavanserin?

A

Black box warning for increased mortality in elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis

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17
Q

What is the drug class of Pramipexole?

A

Dopamine agonist

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18
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Pramipexole?

A

Stimulates dopamine receptors in the brain

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19
Q

What are the drug targets of Pramipexole?

A

Dopamine D2 and D3 receptors

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20
Q

What is the expected time for effect of Pramipexole?

A

1 to 3 hours

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21
Q

What is the pharmacodynamics of Pramipexole?

A

Mimics dopamine to improve motor function in Parkinson’s disease

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22
Q

What are the pharmacokinetics of Pramipexole?

A

Well absorbed orally, widely distributed, low protein binding, primarily excreted unchanged in urine, and minimal hepatic metabolism.

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23
Q

What are the dosage ranges for Pramipexole?

A

Varies based on individual response and disease severity

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24
Q

What are the key features of Pramipexole?

A

May cause sleep attacks, hallucinations, and compulsive behaviors

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25
Q

What is the drug class of Selegiline?

A

MAO-B inhibitor

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26
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Selegiline?

A

Inhibits monoamine oxidase B, increasing dopamine levels in the brain

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27
Q

What are the drug targets of Selegiline?

A

Monoamine oxidase B enzyme

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28
Q

What is the expected time for effect of Selegiline?

A

Several weeks

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29
Q

What is the pharmacodynamics of Selegiline?

A

Increases dopamine levels to improve motor function in Parkinson’s disease

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30
Q

What are the pharmacokinetics of Selegiline?

A

Well absorbed orally, widely distributed, crosses the blood-brain barrier, primarily excreted in urine, and metabolized in the liver to active metabolites.

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31
Q

What are the dosage ranges for Selegiline?

A

Typically 5 to 10 mg daily

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32
Q

What are the key features of Selegiline?

A

May cause insomnia, nausea, and hypertensive crisis with high tyramine intake

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33
Q

What is the drug class of Tolcapone?

A

COMT inhibitor

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34
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Tolcapone?

A

Inhibits catechol-O-methyltransferase, increasing levodopa levels in the brain

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35
Q

What are the drug targets of Tolcapone?

A

Catechol-O-methyltransferase enzyme

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36
Q

What is the expected time for effect of Tolcapone?

A

1 to 2 hours

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37
Q

What is the pharmacodynamics of Tolcapone?

A

Increases levodopa levels to improve motor function in Parkinson’s disease

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38
Q

What are the pharmacokinetics of Tolcapone?

A

Well absorbed orally, widely distributed, crosses the blood-brain barrier, primarily excreted in urine, and metabolized in the liver.

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39
Q

What are the dosage ranges for Tolcapone?

A

Typically 100 to 200 mg three times daily

40
Q

What are the key features of Tolcapone?

A

Black box warning for hepatotoxicity, requires liver function monitoring

41
Q

What is the drug class of Apomorphine?

A

Dopamine agonist

42
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Apomorphine?

A

Stimulates dopamine receptors in the brain

43
Q

What are the drug targets of Apomorphine?

A

Dopamine D2 receptors

44
Q

What is the expected time for effect of Apomorphine?

A

10 to 20 minutes

45
Q

What is the pharmacodynamics of Apomorphine?

A

Mimics dopamine to improve motor function in Parkinson’s disease

46
Q

What are the pharmacokinetics of Apomorphine?

A

Rapidly absorbed subcutaneously, widely distributed, crosses the blood-brain barrier, primarily excreted in urine, and metabolized in the liver.

47
Q

What are the dosage ranges for Apomorphine?

A

Varies based on individual response and disease severity

48
Q

What are the key features of Apomorphine?

A

May cause nausea, vomiting, and orthostatic hypotension

49
Q

What is the drug class of Baclofen?

A

Muscle relaxant

50
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Baclofen?

A

Activates GABA-B receptors, inhibiting neurotransmitter release

51
Q

What are the drug targets of Baclofen?

A

GABA-B receptors

52
Q

What is the expected time for effect of Baclofen?

A

1 to 2 hours

53
Q

What is the pharmacodynamics of Baclofen?

A

Reduces muscle spasticity

54
Q

What are the pharmacokinetics of Baclofen?

A

Well absorbed orally, widely distributed, crosses the blood-brain barrier, primarily excreted unchanged in urine, and minimal hepatic metabolism.

55
Q

What are the dosage ranges for Baclofen?

A

Typically 5 to 20 mg three times daily

56
Q

What are the key features of Baclofen?

A

May cause drowsiness, dizziness, and withdrawal symptoms with abrupt discontinuation

57
Q

What is the drug class of Tetrabenazine?

A

VMAT2 inhibitor

58
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Tetrabenazine?

A

Inhibits vesicular monoamine transporter 2, reducing dopamine release

59
Q

What are the drug targets of Tetrabenazine?

A

Vesicular monoamine transporter 2

60
Q

What is the expected time for effect of Tetrabenazine?

A

Several weeks

61
Q

What is the pharmacodynamics of Tetrabenazine?

A

Reduces chorea in Huntington’s disease

62
Q

What are the pharmacokinetics of Tetrabenazine?

A

Well absorbed orally, widely distributed, crosses the blood-brain barrier, primarily excreted in urine, and metabolized in the liver to active metabolites.

63
Q

What are the dosage ranges for Tetrabenazine?

A

Typically 12.5 to 50 mg daily

64
Q

What are the key features of Tetrabenazine?

A

Black box warning for depression and suicidal thoughts

65
Q

What is the drug class of Haloperidol?

A

Typical antipsychotic

66
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Haloperidol?

A

Blocks dopamine D2 receptors in the brain

67
Q

What are the drug targets of Haloperidol?

A

Dopamine D2 receptors

68
Q

What is the expected time for effect of Haloperidol?

A

Several days to weeks

69
Q

What is the pharmacodynamics of Haloperidol?

A

Reduces psychosis and agitation

70
Q

What are the pharmacokinetics of Haloperidol?

A

Well absorbed orally, widely distributed, high protein binding, primarily excreted in urine, and metabolized in the liver.

71
Q

What are the dosage ranges for Haloperidol?

A

Typically 0.5 to 20 mg daily

72
Q

What are the key features of Haloperidol?

A

May cause extrapyramidal symptoms, tardive dyskinesia, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome

73
Q

What is the drug class of Riluzole?

A

Glutamate inhibitor

74
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Riluzole?

A

Inhibits glutamate release and blocks sodium channels

75
Q

What are the drug targets of Riluzole?

A

Glutamate receptors and sodium channels

76
Q

What is the expected time for effect of Riluzole?

A

Several weeks

77
Q

What is the pharmacodynamics of Riluzole?

A

Slows progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

78
Q

What are the pharmacokinetics of Riluzole?

A

Well absorbed orally, widely distributed, crosses the blood-brain barrier, primarily excreted in urine, and metabolized in the liver.

79
Q

What are the dosage ranges for Riluzole?

A

Typically 50 mg twice daily

80
Q

What are the key features of Riluzole?

A

May cause liver toxicity, requires liver function monitoring

81
Q

What is the drug class of Tacrine?

A

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor

82
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Tacrine?

A

Inhibits acetylcholinesterase, increasing acetylcholine levels in the brain

83
Q

What are the drug targets of Tacrine?

A

Acetylcholinesterase enzyme

84
Q

What is the expected time for effect of Tacrine?

A

Several weeks

85
Q

What is the pharmacodynamics of Tacrine?

A

Improves cognitive function in Alzheimer’s disease

86
Q

What are the pharmacokinetics of Tacrine?

A

Well absorbed orally, widely distributed, crosses the blood-brain barrier, primarily excreted in urine, and metabolized in the liver.

87
Q

What are the dosage ranges for Tacrine?

A

Typically 10 to 40 mg four times daily

88
Q

What are the key features of Tacrine?

A

May cause liver toxicity, requires liver function monitoring

89
Q

What is the drug class of Memantine?

A

NMDA receptor antagonist

90
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Memantine?

A

Blocks NMDA receptors, reducing excitotoxicity

91
Q

What are the drug targets of Memantine?

A

NMDA receptors

92
Q

What is the expected time for effect of Memantine?

A

Several weeks

93
Q

What is the pharmacodynamics of Memantine?

A

Improves cognitive function in Alzheimer’s disease

94
Q

What are the pharmacokinetics of Memantine?

A

Well absorbed orally, widely distributed, crosses the blood-brain barrier, primarily excreted unchanged in urine, and minimal hepatic metabolism.

95
Q

What are the dosage ranges for Memantine?

A

Typically 5 to 20 mg daily

96
Q

What are the key features of Memantine?

A

May cause dizziness, headache, and confusion

Advanced Pharm Fall 24' (18 decks)

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