Movement Disorder Drugs Flashcards
What is the drug class of Levodopa/Carbidopa?
Dopamine precursor and decarboxylase inhibitor
What is the mechanism of action of Levodopa/Carbidopa?
Levodopa is converted to dopamine in the brain, while carbidopa inhibits the peripheral breakdown of levodopa, increasing its availability to the brain.
What are the drug targets of Levodopa/Carbidopa?
Dopamine receptors in the brain
What is the expected time for effect of Levodopa/Carbidopa?
30 minutes to 2 hours
What is the pharmacodynamics of Levodopa/Carbidopa?
Increases dopamine levels in the brain to improve motor function in Parkinson’s disease.
What are the pharmacokinetics of Levodopa/Carbidopa?
Rapidly absorbed from the small intestine, widely distributed in the body, crosses the blood-brain barrier, primarily excreted in urine, and metabolized in the liver and peripheral tissues.
What are the dosage ranges for Levodopa/Carbidopa?
Varies based on individual response and disease severity
What are the key features of Levodopa/Carbidopa?
May cause dyskinesia, nausea, and orthostatic hypotension
What is the drug class of Pimavanserin?
Atypical antipsychotic
What is the mechanism of action of Pimavanserin?
Selective serotonin inverse agonist and antagonist at 5-HT2A receptors
What are the drug targets of Pimavanserin?
5-HT2A receptors
What is the expected time for effect of Pimavanserin?
Several weeks
What is the pharmacodynamics of Pimavanserin?
Modulates serotonin activity to reduce psychosis in Parkinson’s disease
What are the pharmacokinetics of Pimavanserin?
Well absorbed orally, widely distributed, high protein binding, primarily excreted in feces, and metabolized by CYP3A4 and CYP3A5.
What are the dosage ranges for Pimavanserin?
Typically 34 mg once daily
What are the key features of Pimavanserin?
Black box warning for increased mortality in elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis
What is the drug class of Pramipexole?
Dopamine agonist
What is the mechanism of action of Pramipexole?
Stimulates dopamine receptors in the brain
What are the drug targets of Pramipexole?
Dopamine D2 and D3 receptors
What is the expected time for effect of Pramipexole?
1 to 3 hours
What is the pharmacodynamics of Pramipexole?
Mimics dopamine to improve motor function in Parkinson’s disease
What are the pharmacokinetics of Pramipexole?
Well absorbed orally, widely distributed, low protein binding, primarily excreted unchanged in urine, and minimal hepatic metabolism.
What are the dosage ranges for Pramipexole?
Varies based on individual response and disease severity
What are the key features of Pramipexole?
May cause sleep attacks, hallucinations, and compulsive behaviors
What is the drug class of Selegiline?
MAO-B inhibitor
What is the mechanism of action of Selegiline?
Inhibits monoamine oxidase B, increasing dopamine levels in the brain
What are the drug targets of Selegiline?
Monoamine oxidase B enzyme
What is the expected time for effect of Selegiline?
Several weeks
What is the pharmacodynamics of Selegiline?
Increases dopamine levels to improve motor function in Parkinson’s disease
What are the pharmacokinetics of Selegiline?
Well absorbed orally, widely distributed, crosses the blood-brain barrier, primarily excreted in urine, and metabolized in the liver to active metabolites.
What are the dosage ranges for Selegiline?
Typically 5 to 10 mg daily
What are the key features of Selegiline?
May cause insomnia, nausea, and hypertensive crisis with high tyramine intake
What is the drug class of Tolcapone?
COMT inhibitor
What is the mechanism of action of Tolcapone?
Inhibits catechol-O-methyltransferase, increasing levodopa levels in the brain
What are the drug targets of Tolcapone?
Catechol-O-methyltransferase enzyme
What is the expected time for effect of Tolcapone?
1 to 2 hours
What is the pharmacodynamics of Tolcapone?
Increases levodopa levels to improve motor function in Parkinson’s disease
What are the pharmacokinetics of Tolcapone?
Well absorbed orally, widely distributed, crosses the blood-brain barrier, primarily excreted in urine, and metabolized in the liver.