Antibiotics and Antiviral Drugs Flashcards
1
Q
What is the drug class of Penicillin, Ampicillin, and Amoxicillin?
A
Beta-lactam antibiotics
2
Q
What is the mechanism of action of Penicillin, Ampicillin, and Amoxicillin?
A
Inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs)
3
Q
What is the drug target of Penicillin, Ampicillin, and Amoxicillin?
A
Bacterial cell wall
4
Q
What is the expected time for effect of Penicillin, Ampicillin, and Amoxicillin?
A
Rapid onset
5
Q
What is the pharmacodynamics of Penicillin, Ampicillin, and Amoxicillin?
A
Bactericidal
6
Q
What are the pharmacokinetics of Amoxicillin?
A
Better absorbed orally than ampicillin; widely distributed in body tissues and fluids; primarily renal excretion; minimal hepatic metabolism
7
Q
What are the key features of Amoxicillin?
A
Better oral bioavailability than ampicillin
8
Q
What is the drug class of Cephalosporin?
A
Beta-lactam antibiotics
9
Q
What is the mechanism of action of Cephalosporin?
A
Inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to PBPs
10
Q
What is the expected time for effect of Cephalosporin?
A
Rapid onset
11
Q
What is the pharmacodynamics of Cephalosporin?
A
Bactericidal
12
Q
What are the key features of Cephalosporin?
A
Five generations with varying spectrums of activity
13
Q
What is the drug class of Carbapenem?
A
Beta-lactam antibiotics
14
Q
What is the expected time for effect of Carbapenem?
A
Rapid onset
15
Q
What is the pharmacodynamics of Carbapenem?
A
Bactericidal
16
Q
What are the key features of Carbapenem?
A
Broad-spectrum activity, including against multi-drug resistant organisms
17
Q
What is the drug class of Vancomycin?
A
Glycopeptide antibiotic
18
Q
What is the mechanism of action of Vancomycin?
A
Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to D-alanyl-D-alanine terminus of cell wall precursors
19
Q
What is the expected time for effect of Vancomycin?
A
Rapid onset
20
Q
What is the pharmacodynamics of Vancomycin?
A
Bactericidal
21
Q
What are the key features of Vancomycin?
A
Effective against MRSA
22
Q
What is the drug class of Polymyxin?
A
Polypeptide antibiotics
23
Q
What is the mechanism of action of Polymyxin?
A
Disrupts bacterial cell membrane by binding to lipopolysaccharides
24
Q
What is the expected time for effect of Polymyxin?
A
Rapid onset
25
What is the pharmacodynamics of Polymyxin?
Bactericidal
26
What are the key features of Polymyxin?
Effective against multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria
27
What is the drug class of Daptomycin?
Lipopeptide antibiotic
28
What is the mechanism of action of Daptomycin?
Disrupts bacterial cell membrane by causing depolarization
29
What is the expected time for effect of Daptomycin?
Rapid onset
30
What is the pharmacodynamics of Daptomycin?
Bactericidal
31
What are the key features of Daptomycin?
Effective against MRSA and VRE
32
What is the drug class of Tetracycline?
Tetracycline antibiotics
33
What is the mechanism of action of Tetracycline?
Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit
34
What is the expected time for effect of Tetracycline?
Rapid onset
35
What is the pharmacodynamics of Tetracycline?
Bacteriostatic
36
What are the key features of Tetracycline?
Broad-spectrum activity
37
What is the drug class of Erythromycin?
Macrolide antibiotics
38
What is the mechanism of action of Erythromycin?
Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit
39
What is the expected time for effect of Erythromycin?
Rapid onset
40
What is the pharmacodynamics of Erythromycin?
Bacteriostatic
41
What are the key features of Erythromycin?
Effective against atypical pathogens
42
What is the drug class of Azithromycin?
Macrolide antibiotics
43
What is the mechanism of action of Azithromycin?
Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit
44
What is the expected time for effect of Azithromycin?
Rapid onset
45
What is the pharmacodynamics of Azithromycin?
Bacteriostatic
46
What are the key features of Azithromycin?
Long half-life allows for once-daily dosing
47
What is the drug class of Neomycin?
Aminoglycoside antibiotics
48
What is the mechanism of action of Neomycin?
Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit
49
What is the expected time for effect of Neomycin?
Rapid onset
50
What is the pharmacodynamics of Neomycin?
Bactericidal
51
What are the key features of Neomycin?
Effective against Gram-negative bacteria
52
What is the drug class of Rifamycin?
Rifamycin antibiotics
53
What is the mechanism of action of Rifamycin?
Inhibits bacterial RNA synthesis by binding to DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
54
What is the expected time for effect of Rifamycin?
Rapid onset
55
What is the pharmacodynamics of Rifamycin?
Bactericidal
56
What are the key features of Rifamycin?
Effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis
57
What is the drug class of Ciprofloxacin?
Fluoroquinolone antibiotics
58
What is the mechanism of action of Ciprofloxacin?
Inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV
59
What is the expected time for effect of Ciprofloxacin?
Rapid onset
60
What is the pharmacodynamics of Ciprofloxacin?
Bactericidal
61
What are the key features of Ciprofloxacin?
Broad-spectrum activity
62
What is the drug class of Sulfonamide?
Sulfonamide antibiotics
63
What is the mechanism of action of Sulfonamide?
Inhibits bacterial folic acid synthesis by competing with para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA)
64
What is the expected time for effect of Sulfonamide?
Rapid onset
65
What is the pharmacodynamics of Sulfonamide?
Bacteriostatic
66
What are the key features of Sulfonamide?
Often combined with trimethoprim
67
What is the drug class of Trimethoprim?
Antifolate antibiotics
68
What is the mechanism of action of Trimethoprim?
Inhibits bacterial dihydrofolate reductase
69
What is the expected time for effect of Trimethoprim?
Rapid onset
70
What is the pharmacodynamics of Trimethoprim?
Bacteriostatic
71
What are the key features of Trimethoprim?
Often combined with sulfonamides
72
What is the drug class of Ketoconazole?
Azole antifungals
73
What is the mechanism of action of Ketoconazole?
Inhibits fungal ergosterol synthesis by inhibiting cytochrome P450 enzyme 14?-demethylase
74
What is the expected time for effect of Ketoconazole?
Rapid onset
75
What is the pharmacodynamics of Ketoconazole?
Fungistatic
76
What are the key features of Ketoconazole?
Effective against a broad range of fungi
77
What is the drug class of Lamisil (Terbinafine)?
Allylamine antifungals
78
What is the mechanism of action of Lamisil (Terbinafine)?
Inhibits fungal squalene epoxidase
79
What is the expected time for effect of Lamisil (Terbinafine)?
Rapid onset
80
What is the pharmacodynamics of Lamisil (Terbinafine)?
Fungicidal
81
What are the key features of Lamisil (Terbinafine)?
Effective against dermatophytes
82
What is the drug class of Hydroxychloroquine?
Antimalarial and immunomodulatory agents
83
What is the mechanism of action of Hydroxychloroquine?
Inhibits heme polymerase in Plasmodium species; modulates immune response
84
What is the expected time for effect of Hydroxychloroquine?
Rapid onset
85
What is the pharmacodynamics of Hydroxychloroquine?
Antimalarial, immunomodulatory
86
What are the key features of Hydroxychloroquine?
Used for malaria and autoimmune diseases
87
What is the drug class of Metronidazole?
Nitroimidazole antibiotics
88
What is the mechanism of action of Metronidazole?
Disrupts DNA synthesis in anaerobic bacteria and protozoa
89
What is the expected time for effect of Metronidazole?
Rapid onset
90
What is the pharmacodynamics of Metronidazole?
Bactericidal, antiprotozoal
91
What are the key features of Metronidazole?
Effective against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa
92
What is the drug class of Niclosamide?
Anthelmintic agents
93
What is the mechanism of action of Niclosamide?
Inhibits oxidative phosphorylation in tapeworms
94
What is the expected time for effect of Niclosamide?
Rapid onset
95
What is the pharmacodynamics of Niclosamide?
Anthelmintic
96
What are the key features of Niclosamide?
Effective against tapeworms
97
What is the drug class of Ivermectin?
Anthelmintic agents
98
What is the mechanism of action of Ivermectin?
Binds to glutamate-gated chloride channels in invertebrate nerve and muscle cells
99
What is the expected time for effect of Ivermectin?
Rapid onset
100
What is the pharmacodynamics of Ivermectin?
Anthelmintic
101
What are the key features of Ivermectin?
Effective against a broad range of parasites
102
What is the drug class of Permethrin?
Pyrethroid insecticides
103
What is the mechanism of action of Permethrin?
Disrupts sodium channel function in nerve cells of insects
104
What is the expected time for effect of Permethrin?
Rapid onset
105
What is the pharmacodynamics of Permethrin?
Insecticidal
106
What are the key features of Permethrin?
Effective against lice and scabies
107
What is the drug class of Acyclovir?
Antiviral agents
108
What is the mechanism of action of Acyclovir?
Inhibits viral DNA synthesis by incorporating into viral DNA and causing chain termination
109
What is the expected time for effect of Acyclovir?
Rapid onset
110
What is the pharmacodynamics of Acyclovir?
Antiviral
111
What are the key features of Acyclovir?
Effective against herpesviruses
112
What is the drug class of Azidothymidine (AZT)?
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)
113
What is the mechanism of action of Azidothymidine (AZT)?
Inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase by incorporating into viral DNA and causing chain termination
114
What is the expected time for effect of Azidothymidine (AZT)?
Rapid onset
115
What is the pharmacodynamics of Azidothymidine (AZT)?
Antiviral
116
What are the key features of Azidothymidine (AZT)?
Effective against HIV
117
What is the drug class of Lamivudine?
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)
118
What is the mechanism of action of Lamivudine?
Inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase by incorporating into viral DNA and causing chain termination
119
What is the expected time for effect of Lamivudine?
Rapid onset
120
What is the pharmacodynamics of Lamivudine?
Antiviral
121
What are the key features of Lamivudine?
Effective against HIV and HBV
122
What is the mechanism of action of the drug that inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase?
Inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase by incorporating into viral DNA and causing chain termination.
123
What is the drug target for the drug that inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase?
HIV reverse transcriptase.
124
What is the expected time for effect of the drug that inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase?
Rapid onset.
125
What is the pharmacodynamics classification of the drug that inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase?
Antiviral.
126
What are the pharmacokinetics of the drug that inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase?
Well absorbed orally; widely distributed in body tissues and fluids; primarily renal excretion; minimal hepatic metabolism.
127
What are the dosage ranges for the drug that inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase?
Varies by infection type and severity.
128
What are the key features of the drug that inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase?
Effective against HIV and HBV.
129
What is the drug class of Cabotegrovir?
Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs).
130
What is the mechanism of action of Cabotegrovir?
Inhibits HIV integrase by preventing viral DNA integration into the host genome.
131
What is the drug target for Cabotegrovir?
HIV integrase.
132
What is the expected time for effect of Cabotegrovir?
Rapid onset.
133
What is the pharmacodynamics classification of Cabotegrovir?
Antiviral.
