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Advanced Pharm Fall 24' > Antibiotics and Antiviral Drugs > Flashcards

Antibiotics and Antiviral Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the drug class of Penicillin, Ampicillin, and Amoxicillin?

A

Beta-lactam antibiotics

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2
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Penicillin, Ampicillin, and Amoxicillin?

A

Inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs)

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3
Q

What is the drug target of Penicillin, Ampicillin, and Amoxicillin?

A

Bacterial cell wall

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4
Q

What is the expected time for effect of Penicillin, Ampicillin, and Amoxicillin?

A

Rapid onset

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5
Q

What is the pharmacodynamics of Penicillin, Ampicillin, and Amoxicillin?

A

Bactericidal

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6
Q

What are the pharmacokinetics of Amoxicillin?

A

Better absorbed orally than ampicillin; widely distributed in body tissues and fluids; primarily renal excretion; minimal hepatic metabolism

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7
Q

What are the key features of Amoxicillin?

A

Better oral bioavailability than ampicillin

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8
Q

What is the drug class of Cephalosporin?

A

Beta-lactam antibiotics

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9
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Cephalosporin?

A

Inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to PBPs

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10
Q

What is the expected time for effect of Cephalosporin?

A

Rapid onset

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11
Q

What is the pharmacodynamics of Cephalosporin?

A

Bactericidal

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12
Q

What are the key features of Cephalosporin?

A

Five generations with varying spectrums of activity

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13
Q

What is the drug class of Carbapenem?

A

Beta-lactam antibiotics

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14
Q

What is the expected time for effect of Carbapenem?

A

Rapid onset

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15
Q

What is the pharmacodynamics of Carbapenem?

A

Bactericidal

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16
Q

What are the key features of Carbapenem?

A

Broad-spectrum activity, including against multi-drug resistant organisms

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17
Q

What is the drug class of Vancomycin?

A

Glycopeptide antibiotic

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18
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Vancomycin?

A

Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to D-alanyl-D-alanine terminus of cell wall precursors

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19
Q

What is the expected time for effect of Vancomycin?

A

Rapid onset

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20
Q

What is the pharmacodynamics of Vancomycin?

A

Bactericidal

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21
Q

What are the key features of Vancomycin?

A

Effective against MRSA

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22
Q

What is the drug class of Polymyxin?

A

Polypeptide antibiotics

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23
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Polymyxin?

A

Disrupts bacterial cell membrane by binding to lipopolysaccharides

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24
Q

What is the expected time for effect of Polymyxin?

A

Rapid onset

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25
Q

What is the pharmacodynamics of Polymyxin?

A

Bactericidal

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26
Q

What are the key features of Polymyxin?

A

Effective against multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria

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27
Q

What is the drug class of Daptomycin?

A

Lipopeptide antibiotic

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28
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Daptomycin?

A

Disrupts bacterial cell membrane by causing depolarization

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29
Q

What is the expected time for effect of Daptomycin?

A

Rapid onset

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30
Q

What is the pharmacodynamics of Daptomycin?

A

Bactericidal

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31
Q

What are the key features of Daptomycin?

A

Effective against MRSA and VRE

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32
Q

What is the drug class of Tetracycline?

A

Tetracycline antibiotics

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33
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Tetracycline?

A

Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit

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34
Q

What is the expected time for effect of Tetracycline?

A

Rapid onset

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35
Q

What is the pharmacodynamics of Tetracycline?

A

Bacteriostatic

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36
Q

What are the key features of Tetracycline?

A

Broad-spectrum activity

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37
Q

What is the drug class of Erythromycin?

A

Macrolide antibiotics

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38
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Erythromycin?

A

Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit

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39
Q

What is the expected time for effect of Erythromycin?

A

Rapid onset

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40
Q

What is the pharmacodynamics of Erythromycin?

A

Bacteriostatic

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41
Q

What are the key features of Erythromycin?

A

Effective against atypical pathogens

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42
Q

What is the drug class of Azithromycin?

A

Macrolide antibiotics

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43
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Azithromycin?

A

Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit

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44
Q

What is the expected time for effect of Azithromycin?

A

Rapid onset

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45
Q

What is the pharmacodynamics of Azithromycin?

A

Bacteriostatic

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46
Q

What are the key features of Azithromycin?

A

Long half-life allows for once-daily dosing

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47
Q

What is the drug class of Neomycin?

A

Aminoglycoside antibiotics

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48
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Neomycin?

A

Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit

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49
Q

What is the expected time for effect of Neomycin?

A

Rapid onset

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50
Q

What is the pharmacodynamics of Neomycin?

A

Bactericidal

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51
Q

What are the key features of Neomycin?

A

Effective against Gram-negative bacteria

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52
Q

What is the drug class of Rifamycin?

A

Rifamycin antibiotics

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53
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Rifamycin?

A

Inhibits bacterial RNA synthesis by binding to DNA-dependent RNA polymerase

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54
Q

What is the expected time for effect of Rifamycin?

A

Rapid onset

55
Q

What is the pharmacodynamics of Rifamycin?

A

Bactericidal

56
Q

What are the key features of Rifamycin?

A

Effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis

57
Q

What is the drug class of Ciprofloxacin?

A

Fluoroquinolone antibiotics

58
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Ciprofloxacin?

A

Inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV

59
Q

What is the expected time for effect of Ciprofloxacin?

A

Rapid onset

60
Q

What is the pharmacodynamics of Ciprofloxacin?

A

Bactericidal

61
Q

What are the key features of Ciprofloxacin?

A

Broad-spectrum activity

62
Q

What is the drug class of Sulfonamide?

A

Sulfonamide antibiotics

63
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Sulfonamide?

A

Inhibits bacterial folic acid synthesis by competing with para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA)

64
Q

What is the expected time for effect of Sulfonamide?

A

Rapid onset

65
Q

What is the pharmacodynamics of Sulfonamide?

A

Bacteriostatic

66
Q

What are the key features of Sulfonamide?

A

Often combined with trimethoprim

67
Q

What is the drug class of Trimethoprim?

A

Antifolate antibiotics

68
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Trimethoprim?

A

Inhibits bacterial dihydrofolate reductase

69
Q

What is the expected time for effect of Trimethoprim?

A

Rapid onset

70
Q

What is the pharmacodynamics of Trimethoprim?

A

Bacteriostatic

71
Q

What are the key features of Trimethoprim?

A

Often combined with sulfonamides

72
Q

What is the drug class of Ketoconazole?

A

Azole antifungals

73
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Ketoconazole?

A

Inhibits fungal ergosterol synthesis by inhibiting cytochrome P450 enzyme 14?-demethylase

74
Q

What is the expected time for effect of Ketoconazole?

A

Rapid onset

75
Q

What is the pharmacodynamics of Ketoconazole?

A

Fungistatic

76
Q

What are the key features of Ketoconazole?

A

Effective against a broad range of fungi

77
Q

What is the drug class of Lamisil (Terbinafine)?

A

Allylamine antifungals

78
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Lamisil (Terbinafine)?

A

Inhibits fungal squalene epoxidase

79
Q

What is the expected time for effect of Lamisil (Terbinafine)?

A

Rapid onset

80
Q

What is the pharmacodynamics of Lamisil (Terbinafine)?

A

Fungicidal

81
Q

What are the key features of Lamisil (Terbinafine)?

A

Effective against dermatophytes

82
Q

What is the drug class of Hydroxychloroquine?

A

Antimalarial and immunomodulatory agents

83
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Hydroxychloroquine?

A

Inhibits heme polymerase in Plasmodium species; modulates immune response

84
Q

What is the expected time for effect of Hydroxychloroquine?

A

Rapid onset

85
Q

What is the pharmacodynamics of Hydroxychloroquine?

A

Antimalarial, immunomodulatory

86
Q

What are the key features of Hydroxychloroquine?

A

Used for malaria and autoimmune diseases

87
Q

What is the drug class of Metronidazole?

A

Nitroimidazole antibiotics

88
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Metronidazole?

A

Disrupts DNA synthesis in anaerobic bacteria and protozoa

89
Q

What is the expected time for effect of Metronidazole?

A

Rapid onset

90
Q

What is the pharmacodynamics of Metronidazole?

A

Bactericidal, antiprotozoal

91
Q

What are the key features of Metronidazole?

A

Effective against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa

92
Q

What is the drug class of Niclosamide?

A

Anthelmintic agents

93
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Niclosamide?

A

Inhibits oxidative phosphorylation in tapeworms

94
Q

What is the expected time for effect of Niclosamide?

A

Rapid onset

95
Q

What is the pharmacodynamics of Niclosamide?

A

Anthelmintic

96
Q

What are the key features of Niclosamide?

A

Effective against tapeworms

97
Q

What is the drug class of Ivermectin?

A

Anthelmintic agents

98
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Ivermectin?

A

Binds to glutamate-gated chloride channels in invertebrate nerve and muscle cells

99
Q

What is the expected time for effect of Ivermectin?

A

Rapid onset

100
Q

What is the pharmacodynamics of Ivermectin?

A

Anthelmintic

101
Q

What are the key features of Ivermectin?

A

Effective against a broad range of parasites

102
Q

What is the drug class of Permethrin?

A

Pyrethroid insecticides

103
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Permethrin?

A

Disrupts sodium channel function in nerve cells of insects

104
Q

What is the expected time for effect of Permethrin?

A

Rapid onset

105
Q

What is the pharmacodynamics of Permethrin?

A

Insecticidal

106
Q

What are the key features of Permethrin?

A

Effective against lice and scabies

107
Q

What is the drug class of Acyclovir?

A

Antiviral agents

108
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Acyclovir?

A

Inhibits viral DNA synthesis by incorporating into viral DNA and causing chain termination

109
Q

What is the expected time for effect of Acyclovir?

A

Rapid onset

110
Q

What is the pharmacodynamics of Acyclovir?

111
Q

What are the key features of Acyclovir?

A

Effective against herpesviruses

112
Q

What is the drug class of Azidothymidine (AZT)?

A

Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)

113
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Azidothymidine (AZT)?

A

Inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase by incorporating into viral DNA and causing chain termination

114
Q

What is the expected time for effect of Azidothymidine (AZT)?

A

Rapid onset

115
Q

What is the pharmacodynamics of Azidothymidine (AZT)?

116
Q

What are the key features of Azidothymidine (AZT)?

A

Effective against HIV

117
Q

What is the drug class of Lamivudine?

A

Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)

118
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Lamivudine?

A

Inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase by incorporating into viral DNA and causing chain termination

119
Q

What is the expected time for effect of Lamivudine?

A

Rapid onset

120
Q

What is the pharmacodynamics of Lamivudine?

121
Q

What are the key features of Lamivudine?

A

Effective against HIV and HBV

122
Q

What is the mechanism of action of the drug that inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase?

A

Inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase by incorporating into viral DNA and causing chain termination.

123
Q

What is the drug target for the drug that inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase?

A

HIV reverse transcriptase.

124
Q

What is the expected time for effect of the drug that inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase?

A

Rapid onset.

125
Q

What is the pharmacodynamics classification of the drug that inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase?

A

Antiviral.

126
Q

What are the pharmacokinetics of the drug that inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase?

A

Well absorbed orally; widely distributed in body tissues and fluids; primarily renal excretion; minimal hepatic metabolism.

127
Q

What are the dosage ranges for the drug that inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase?

A

Varies by infection type and severity.

128
Q

What are the key features of the drug that inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase?

A

Effective against HIV and HBV.

129
Q

What is the drug class of Cabotegrovir?

A

Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs).

130
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Cabotegrovir?

A

Inhibits HIV integrase by preventing viral DNA integration into the host genome.

131
Q

What is the drug target for Cabotegrovir?

A

HIV integrase.

132
Q

What is the expected time for effect of Cabotegrovir?

A

Rapid onset.

133
Q

What is the pharmacodynamics classification of Cabotegrovir?

A

Antiviral.

Advanced Pharm Fall 24' (18 decks)

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