VIROLOGY - OVERVIEW Flashcards
evidence of viral diseases exist in ancient records dating back to as far as ___ BC
23
evidence of viral diseases exist in ancient records dating back to as far as 23 BC when _____ code of mesopotamia noted “bite of nad dogs to affect disease on humans “
eschunna code
who is the author of the iliad whom characterizes Hector as “rabid”
homer
aristotle’s work, ________, written in the 4th century BC describes a madness in dogs that causes them to become very irritable and all mammals they bite become diseased
the natural history of man
the writings from 23 bc mesopotamia - eschunna code as well as the “natural history of man” written by aristotle which is about the madness in dogs that causes individual to become irritable and cause disease is clearly referring to what virus
rabies
viruses that established a long term relationship with their host were the first to become adapted to coevolution with the human race.
di agad nila pinapatay, and the use it to evolve.
some of these earliest viruses were believed to be ______ such as __ and __
retroviruses such as herpes virus and papillomaviruses
the transmission of virus from animals to humans still occurs, and is demonstrated in the recent event from the past years, what is it?
SARS - severe acute respiratory syndrome, west nile, and influenza A H5 viruses, 2009 H1N1
formerly known as the pandemic swine flu
2009 H1N1 virus
the deadliest viruses to affect humans
influenza virus
___ is named to indicate disease resulting from the influence of miasma “bad air”
influenza
miasma means
bad air
the emergence of a new viral disease across a very large geographic region with prolonged human to human transmission is called
pandemic
to date, most of the pandemics recorded gave been caused by what virus
influenza virus
pandemic caused by influenza results upon the reassortment of genes combined with those of another organism, usually an animal.
This process will result or emerge as a completely new or novel virus
this process is called as
genetic shift
this process is called as ___ which the genetic changes in viral genomes is the main cause
this refers to major changes that result in novel viral antigens
antigenic shift
this process is called as ___ which the genetic changes in viral genomes is the main cause
this refers to minor changes to the genetic info of the virus
antigenic drift
one of the most deadly outbreak of influenza was the ___
spanish flu pandemic in 1918 and 1919
this pandemic was associated with the infection with a novel influenza virus of avian origin
spanish flu in 1918-1919
spanish flu is responsible to how many deaths worldwide and in US
50 million worldwide
500, 000 deaths in US
what is so different in influenza virus pandemic to others
it can infect young and healthy individuals not just newborn and elderly
____ has proven to be a valuable tool in the control of viral diseases such as yellow fever and rabies and has been instrumental in the eradication of one of the most lethal viruses
(immunization) vaccination
most lethal virus
small pox
since what year we discover 50 new viruses, making prevention and control more and more difficult
1988
